Kubomi bemihla ngemihla, umlinganiso womgama ukusuka kwinqaku elinye ukuya kwelinye ayibangeli bunzima. Oku kusebenzisa iiyunithi ezahlukeneyo eziqhelekileyo kuthi. Ukuva, umzekelo, umzobo oyi-100 m, ngamnye unokuyicingela ukuba ingakanani. Ukufumanisa umgama phakathi kwezinto kwi-Astronomy, izazinzulu zibandakanya yonke indlela yeendlela.
Imizimba yasezulwini kwiSolar System
I-Astrononomers ayifane isebenze ngeekhilomitha. Ukutsho ukuba umgama ukusuka emhlabeni ukuya enyangeni ngama-384.4 amawaka km, kusenokwenzeka, kodwa kunye nezinye izinto ziba zinde kakhulu. Ukulinganisa umgama ngaphakathi kweSolar System, iYunithi ye-IstronomIL ekhethekileyo isetyenziswa - i-AU (A. E. e.).
Ihambelana nobungakanani be-axes enkulu ye-themi-roubir kwaye kumgama ofanayo phakathi komhlaba neLanga. Ngo-2012, i-Astromicial Union igqibe kwelokuba ichonge inani elichanekileyo ngo-A.E. I-149 597 870 700 yeemitha. Ukudalwa kokusetyenziswa kweyunithi kukuba xa ukulinganisa imigama kwizinto, ungazithelekisa nokude kweplanethi evela kwiLanga. Umzekelo, umgama ukusuka emhlabeni ukuya e-Uranium uneminyaka engama-20 a. e.
Ukufumanisa umgama kwizinto ezikwindawo enesiseko (i-A. E.), indlela ye-radar isetyenziswa. Inobunzima obukhulu. Kuyimfuneko ukwazi iiparamitha ezininzi: isantya sokukhanya, ukuhamba komzimba nomhlaba. I-teskop yerediyo ithumela umqondiso oboniswayo kumhlaba womzimba kwaye ubuye emhlabeni. Ixesha lokudlulisela umngxunya apho kwaye emva kukuvumela ukuba ubale umgama uye kwinto.
Ukuba umzimba wasezulwini ude kakhulu emhlabeni, emva koko umgama uye kuwo ulinganiswa ngendlela yeparallax ethe tyaba. Uhlobo lwe-pararals lutshintsho kwindawo ebonakalayo yomzimba ngokuhambelana nemvelaphi ekude, kuxhomekeka apho kumbukeli. Iiparallaxes ezininzi zizinto ezodwa, ezisetyenzisiweyo kwi-Astronomy.
Indlela ethe tyaba iParallax yile ilandelayo. Ukuba kwindawo enye yenqaku, isikhundla sento esibhakabhakeni side kakhulu kwiinkwenkwezi ezikude. Emva koko fudukela kwenye indawo yeplanethi kwaye uqaphele kwakhona isikhundla somzimba wasezulwini.
Umgama phakathi kwamanqaku okuqaphela uyaziwa njengee-engile phakathi komphezulu kunye nento. Ngenxa yoko, unxantathu olinganayo olandelwayo ufumana. Njengesiseko, kusetyenziswa ububanzi bomhlaba.
Ukulinganisa komgama kwizinto ezikude
Kwizinto ezikude nangakumbi, kwanokusetyenziswa kwee-ostronombical iiyunithi akunakwenzeka. Ke ngoko, izazi ngeenkwenkwezi zibonisa umgama kwiminyaka yokukhanya (unyaka omnye yi-9.46 x 1015 x 1015 m), kwaye rhoqo - eParrseca (1 parseca yiminyaka yokukhanya elula i-3,2616 yeminyaka).
Ukuba ufuna ukufumana umgama oziinkwenkwezi kanye, kwaye kucingelwa ukuba ayidluli kwiminyaka eli-12 yokukhanya, sebenzisa indlela yeParallax enye. Indawo yemizimba ngaphakathi kweSolar System ilinganiswa ngokuhambelana neenkwenkwezi ezikude. Kwaye ingcaciso yomgama ukuya kwezi nkwenkwezi zenzeka ngokuthelekisa kunye nezinye iigalari.
Indlela yokulinganisa yomgama ihlala ifana-kuyimfuneko ukusuka kwindawo enye yomhlaba ukuya kwenye ukuze ifumane i-anglar veral yenkwenkwezi. Nangona kunjalo, ubungakanani bomhlaba buphindekaliswe lihlobo elincinci kakhulu kwiinkwenkwezi.
Ukwenza lula kunye nemilinganiselo echanekileyo ngakumbi, umbokugqibela uhlala kwindawo enye, kodwa imilinganiselo yenziwa kwithuba lesiqingatha sonyaka. Kwiinyanga ezi-6, umhlaba, ujika ilanga, uya kutshintshela kwinqanaba elikwindawo yokujikeleza, kwaye umphengululi uya kufumana umgama ophezulu phakathi kwamanqaku amabini. Amancinci aya kuba yiparallax, kokukhona ii-parseeps kwiNkwenkwezi.
Kuyenzeka ukulinganisa umgama kwimizimba engaphandle kwe-milky indlela kuphela. Izazinzulu zigxile ekuqaqambeni kwe-Star-Ceakden, ukuqhambuka kwe-supernovae kwaye kuthelekisa nezinye izinto esele ziziwa. Kwaye umgama kwiminyele ekude, apho iinkwenkwezi zingabonakali, zimiselwa ngokujonga ukufuduswa kwemigca kwi-spectra yabo.
Inyaniso enomdla: Inkwenkwezi yePolar yi-Cearlar yi-Ceoricade, eyaziwa ukuba itshintshe - inokutshintsha ukukhanya. Nangona kunjalo, kutsha nje, inkanyezi yePolar ihlulelwe ngokukhanya okuzinzileyo. Umgama kuyo ukusuka emhlabeni - iipar.
Ukulinganisa komgama oza kuhamba ngeenkwenkwezi kunye neminyele ineendlela ezithile. Kwizinto ezikufutshane kakhulu, iindlela ze-radar kunye neparallax ziyasetyenziswa. Kwakude - Vavanya ukuqaqamba kunye notshintsho kwi-vectrum yefowuni.
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