Embindini wenkulungwane yama-20, izazinzulu zaqalisa ukuqonda ukuba amasuntswana alulekileyo - iproton kunye ne-neutron ayilula. Ayiqukanga izitekethi ezincinci ezincinci, kodwa ukunxibelelana okungapheliyo kwamasuntswana asisiseko kwenzeka ngaphakathi kubo. Ke ngoko, ngokweziphumo zezifundo zesakhiwo seProolton kwisakhiwo seProton nge-1960, satsho ukuba siqulathe izinto ezintathu ezibizwa ngokuba zii-qrys.
Imodeli yokuqala yayithetha ukuba kwiproton-i-proots ezintathu: ezimbini ezingaphezulu neyenye iphantsi. Ukuphakama kwezinto ezikhoyo zisetyenziswa ngamagqirha aqingqiweyo, banceda kuphela ukwenza ukuba imigaqo ibe lula kwaye icoceke kancinci. Le modeli ilula (kuyabizwa ngoku - "I-Naive") enemibhobho emithathu eProton yanceda ukucacisa imiphumo emininzi ebonisiweyo ngexesha lovavanyo. Kodwa ayizizo zonke.
Emva kwexesha kunokwenzeka ukuba ubukho bokuba ubukho be-quarks ezintathu khange bayichaze isakhiwo sePronton. Ukuba ngokufutshane, uthotho lweemvavanyo kwiingqungquthela ezinzulu ze-inzolotus zala masuntswana abonise ukuba yonke into inzima ngakumbi. Kwi-proton kukho i-quark ezintathu "eziphambili ze" (ezimbini eziphezulu kunye neyezantsi), kunye ne-antisos ezininzi ezitshatileyo, ezihlala zenzeka kwaye zihlala zikhule. Oko kukuthi, enyanisweni, inyukliya elungileyo yi "isuphu" ukusuka ekunxibelelaneni gwenxa amasuntswana aphambili.
Kodwa kule meko, le ngxaki yavela: kutheni kulo lonke umzuzu ngamnye wexesha elithile le-quarks ngaphakathi kwi-proton akukho sibini sikwi-antiquiard? Oku kuyaphikisana ngokubalwa kwethiyori ezininzi kwaye kujongeka kakhulu ngokwemvelo ngokwefiziksi. Ngokwenyani, lo mbuzo ungasentla sisiseko se-asymmetry ye-proton.
Kwaye ngaphandle kwemvume yakhe, kwakuyimfuneko ukucacisa ubume benyycleon elungileyo, eyayibandakanyeke ngasekupheleni kwelebhu ye-itan (E866) kwisiseko se-ECRICORY STERORY FREMI (FEREMILB) KWI-United Amazwe. I-physics ijongene neepropuma ze-OverclocclocClecclocceccloccecceccecceccecceccecceccliwe i-eAmandlana iPhezulu kunye nokuKhangela okurekhodiweyo kweziganeko ezinjalo. Emva koko ke akunakwenzeka ukuba ukuqinisekisa asymmetry ukwahlulelana quarks e protons ukuba uluhlu elimxinwa noko ngenxa quarks na la mandla kwisuntswana 'koomama ". Kwaye kwisiseko sale datha, omnye umntu owenziwe kwaye evumela okukholekileyo, kodwa engaqinisekiswanga ngokuqikelela: kwezinye iingxowa-mali, i-proton pulse, i-asymmetry, inyamalala.
Ingxelo enesibindi inyibilikisile uluntu lwesayensi, kodwa lwabonakala ngathi lubonakala. Ke uninzi lweemodeli zangaphambili ezisetyenzisiweyo kufuneka zilahle kwaye zenze indalo entsha. Ngethamsanqa, isiseko sendlela yesayensi yolwazi isekuqinisekisweni okuqhubekayo kweziphumo. Ke ngoko, kutshanje, uvavanyo olutsha kwi-cacitions luyinto yonke iFermilab efanayo. Kwaye walungisa kakhulu oogxa bafumana iminyaka engaphezu kwama-20 eyadlulayo.
Iziphumo zala mava zipapashoni kwi-jernali yontanjelo yontanga, elungiselelwe iqela elikhulu lezamashishini. Kwakunyangwa ziingcali ezivela kwi-Emerican Exile yaseMelika, eTaiwanese, i-Israeli kunye neziko lophando lobuchwephesha baseJapan, kunye neelebhu zemvelaphi ze-United States kunye neJapan. Olona datha luphambili lwaqokelelwa kwi-Fermilab I-Accelerator ngaphakathi kwe-E-906 / yovavanyo lwe-Seaquest.
Xa iiproteni ezimbini zingqubana namandla aphezulu ngokwaneleyo, i-quarks kuzo zinxibelelana. Okanye endaweni yoko, i-proton yeproton enye inonxweme oluchasene nonxweme lwelinye okanye ngokuchaseneyo. Ngamafutshane, "Isuphu" ixutywe. Imveliso yokutshatyalaliswa okunjalo iya kuba yinto ebonakalayo (oko kukuthi, ayinakufunyanwa ngokuthe ngqo) I-Photon okanye i-Z-Bosson, eya kuthi iphule ngokukhawuleza kwi-muons ezimbalwa. Kukukubamba la masuntswana kunye nezixhobo, izazinzulu zigweba iimpawu zokunxibelelana.
Ngovavanyo, iqhekeza lezixhobo kunye namandla e-120 gigaeleyprovolt (hayi irekhodi, kodwa ijolise kwithagethi ye-hydrogen ye-hydrogen kunye ne-deberium (ineeproteni). Ukulungisa kuphela i-muons kuphela kunye ne-filter nayiphi na iimveliso zokuzibandakanya, phakathi kwethagethi kunye noovingci babeka udonga olunamasinga amahlanu. Iziphumo zazinomtsalane: I-Asymmetry echazwe ngasentla igcinwe igcinwe kwi-quarks, iqhuba i-10% ye-10% ye-pulse ye-subtatomcicle.
Ewe kunjalo, le ayisiyondlela iphambili kwi-physics, kodwa isiqinisekiso esinemisebenzi enzima yenani lethiyori kunye nesicelo sokuhlengahlengiswa kwabanye. Enye indlela okanye enye, izazinzulu zaza zandise ukuqondwa kwesakhiwo seProolton. Kwaye oku kuyakwenza ngakumbi iziqhamo zayo kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo zesayensi kunye netekhnoloji: ukusuka kwi-cosmology ngenkwenkwezi kunye ne-fihlos kwi-chemistry, amayeza kunye nenzululwazi.
Umthombo: Inzululwazi yezeSwaziya