Kwishishini le-ventity, okuninzi kuxhomekeke ebantwini. Ingcamango ephumeleleyo kunye nokuthembisa imodeli yeshishini ayithethi ukuba inkampani enkulu inkulu iya kukhula evela kule projekthi. Konke kuxhomekeke kubasunguli, ngoko abatyali-mali baqhubeke nokuhlawula ixesha elininzi ukunxibelelana noosomashishini. Kuyimfuneko ukukholelwa kungekuphela nje kwimbono, kodwa nakumsikisi. Kulo nyaka, abatyali mali kwakufuneka bafunde ukufuna lo ukholo ngokusondeza. I-thendemic ichaphazele kakhulu iinkqubo kwi-Wench Switch, kwaye ayizange ihlawule kude.
Umhlobo wakudala ungcono kunezibini ezintshaIindaba ezimnandi: Imakethi ayifi, kwakungekho mali iphantsi. Ukuba uyakholelwa ukuba amanani ahlalutyo kuhlalutyo, emva koko kwiinyanga ezili-11 imali engaphezulu kwe-26 i-26 yeebhiliyoni kwelinye icala, imeko itshintshile kakhulu. Ngo-2020, abatyali-mali abakhutshelweyo banomdla owomeleleyo kakhulu emngciphekweni, kwaye babekwe kakhulu kwiiprojekthi ezintsha, ngakumbi kwisiqingatha sokuqala sonyaka. Kwaye iindawo ezininzi, njengokuhamba, kwaye kwaoko kwakufuneka zilibale malunga nemali engenayo.
Uninzi lweengxowa-mali ezinkulu zokungena eziqala ukusuka kwiNtwasahlobo, ebandakanyeka elusindisweni nenkxaso kwiiphothifoliyo zabo. Umjikelo omtsha ucwangciselwe ezinye iiprojekthi, abanye kuye kwafuneka bajonge ngokukhawuleza imali eyongezelelweyo ngenxa yemeko ewohlokayo kwimarike. Iimali zincedile ukuba zidwelise izicwangciso zentlekele ezichasene nengxaki kwaye ujonge utyalomali olutsha. Kwindawo ethile ukusukela ngo-Matshi yesiseko sethu siphantse saguquka ngokupheleleyo emsebenzini. Ngokumangalisayo, ukusebenza ngokukuko kwade kuphakama. Kwindlela yokusondeza enye, umhlaba wonke wasebenza, kwaye wonke umntu wayeyinxalenye yesikhundla esinye esinye. Iinyanga ezintathu zokuzibhabha zikwazile ukwenza ukuthengiselana okufanayo ku-2019
Ukubambelela kunye nonyuka okuncinci kwimarike yenzuzo yehlabathi kunokunxulunyaniswa nokuba abatyali-mali baye batyalela imali ngakumbi kumanqanaba kamva. Kule meko, inani lentengiselwano inciphile, kwaye ubungakanani beetsheki bukhule. Abatyalomali bakhetha imali engaphantsi komhlaba: ixesha elide laliphila ixesha elide, amathuba amakhulu empumelelo. Ngokweenkcukacha-manani ze-crixtictbase, kulo nyaka okwesibini kwimbali uninzi lwentengiso luphathelelo ukusuka kwi-100 yezigidi yezigidi.
Iiprojekthi kwiMbewu yeSigaba kunye nembewu yangaphambi konyaka yayingabi nethamsanqa lethamsanqa. Inani lentengiselwano ngeli nqanaba lawa kabini. Kodwa ukubuyela kwimeko yesiqhelo kunokulinda kwikamva elikufuphi. Uninzi lwezinto eziphambili zaseYurophu kwisiqingatha sokuqala sonyaka azikhange zibonise ukuqalisa kwabo, kwaye kumzuzwana-uphinda-phinde olwenziwe ngalo msebenzi. Umzekelo, ishishini eliphambili le-AcVilertor ye-British I-Accelenerator ikwazile ukubamba usuku lwee-ofisi zaseYurophu nakwi-Singapore. Imvakalelo yokuba imbewu yafa, hayi. Ngapha koko, imali emininzi ayiyekanga ukukhangela iiprojekthi. Awukhange uphile kwangoko, kodwa wahlehlise ukuthengiselana kamva. Kwangelo xesha, abaninzi bakukhululekileyo ukukhuthala okufanelekileyo, amanqaku oprayimari. Ukuqala kokuchaphazeleka kwebhulukhwe kuncede iinkqubo zokuxhasa urhulumente. Ngayiphi na imeko, eFrance ne-Gritain enkulu, urhulumente wasungula iinkqubo zoncedo lweshishini. Olu ncedo luye ngqo kwi-venchur, apho ngandlela thile ukwehla komtyali wabatyali-mali ukuba umngcipheko.
Ukuqala kwenqanaba lokuqala, ngendlela, unxibelelwano lwesondeza lwexesha le-pandemic luya kuxhamla kuphela. Abatyalomali baqhele ukuba sesi sixhobo kwaye, kufanele ukuba bacinge ukuba bayayithatha emsebenzini: Iintlanganiso zomnini mali ziya kuba lula ukufezekisa, nangona kunjalo kwi-intanethi. Andicingi ukuba oku kuya kubonisa unxibelelwano lobuqu-kuya kuba lula ukuba sisixhobo esongezelelweyo somntu wokuqala omaziyo. Intlanganiso yobuqu iza kuhlala iluhlobo lwefilitha.
Entwasahlobo nasekuqalekeni kwehlobo bekukho iincoko ezininzi eziqaqambileyo zacelwa kakhulu ukuba zivavanye. Ngapha koko, imijikelezo emininzi yenziwa ngabatyali-mali abakhoyo, oboniswayo kuvavanyo. Kwangelo xesha, kwisiqingatha sesibini sonyaka, imijikelezo kunye nabatyalomali bangaphandle sele bekhululekile.
Yiya kwi-bierOmnye umkhwa wama-2020 linani elikhulu le-IPOPs ephumeleleyo. I-ozon ye-ozon, i-airbnb, i-doordash kwaye ikwaninzi iinkampani ezingenele intembelo yesitokhwe. Inyani yile yokuba kwintengiso yesitokhwe, ngakumbi iMelika, euphoria yaqwalaselwa phantse unyaka wonke. Inxalenye yemali efunyenwe ngokweenkqubo zenkxaso zikarhulumente, abantu baqala ukutyala imali kwizitokhwe ngeenkonzo, njengabasebenzi, ekuvumela ukuba utyale imali kwii-5-10.
Abatyalomali abangafanelekanga baphantse bajonga abaphindwe kabini kunye nokuziphatha, batyale imali kumagama aqhelekileyo. Konke oku kukukhula okhutshiweyo nakwicandelo lezobugcisa. Imeko enjalo, ngenxa yoko, ikhokelela kubatyali-mali abaqaqambileyo kwingcinga yokuba ngoku lixesha elifanelekileyo lokuya kutshintshiselwano. Yiyo loo nto inani elikhulu le-ipo. Kwangelo xesha, iinkampani ezininzi, ezinje nge-airbnb okanye i-doodash, i-capitantren kwi-stock yotshintshiselwano iqalile ukuba ingaphezulu koqikelelo lomjikelo wokugqibela woluntu. Oku kwakhona kucacisiwe ngumvuzo wabatyali-mali abangafanelekanga: Ukuba umntu utyalile kwi-TSLA enemiqathango kwaye ke kufuneka atyale imali apho. Kodwa ukunyuka okunjalo kunokukhokelela kwinto yokuba emva kwethutyana, i-turity yemali yeenkampani ziyabuya. Kuyinyani, i-United States yamkele inkqubo entsha evuselelayo. Ke ekuqaleni konyaka olandelayo ungalindela ukuba i-ipo entsha ye-ipo, kunjalo, incinci.
I-venchur yi, kodwa ingxakiERussia, imali yotyalo-mali lonyaka ayilunganga kangako. Ngokwengxelo ye-PWC kunye ne-RVC, kwisiqingatha sokuqala sonyaka, imakethi yawa nge-9% ukuya kwi-50 yeedola, inani lezinto ezenziweyo kwi-130 ukuya kwi-78 yezigidi ngaphambi kokufika kwisitokhwe Ukutshintshiselana kunye ne- $ 119.3 yezigidi kwisiqingatha sokuqala sika-2019), ubungakanani bentengiso buya kuba yi- $ 143,5 yezigidi kunye ne- $ 90 yezigidi, ukuwa ngama-37%. Kwimarike yaseRussia, intengiselwano enye okanye ezimbini zinokuguqula amanani. Ngokutsho kwesifundo Inc. IRussia, kuba unyaka wonke intengiso ikhule iphindwe kabini - ukusuka kwi-11.6 ukuya kwi-21.9 yezigidi. Olona nyuso luphambili-ngeendleko zotyalo-mali lwangaphandle kwiziqalo zethu. Nanku umbuzo omkhulu othathwa njengenkampani yaseRussia.
Imarike yethu yokuphuhlisa ayikaze iphuhliswe ngakumbi. Nokuba ujonga inani lokuqalisa, emva koko eRussia kukho i-2000-4000, kwaye kwakwaSirayeli enye malunga ne-8,000 malunga ne-8,000. kwaye bakhangela abathengi. Kwaye akucacanga: Abezi-ofisi ezingakumbi kufuneka kubonakale kubatyali-mali abangakumbi, okanye, ngokuchaseneyo, abatyali-mali abaninzi abaya kuphuhlisa oosomashishini.
Imeko yomhlobi waseRussia ibangela inkxalabo. Kulo nyaka, amaziko amathandathu ophuhliso, kubandakanya i-sullkovo, emanyene phantsi kwephiko le-veb, i-RVCs yanikwa phantsi kolawulo lwe-RFPE. Kweli ntengiso, njengakwezinye iindawo, ukudityaniswa kwenzeke. Kwaye oku kunokukhokelela ekwehliseni ukhuphiswano kunye nesantya sophuhliso lwamacandelo. Sineemali ezimbalwa zabucala kunye neenkampani ezimbalwa ezithengayo zokuqalisa. Tyala imali malunga nokukhetha okungaphezulu kokukhutshwa okungaphezulu akulunganga. Ewe, kukho abadlali, ezinje nge-sberbank, abathenga ngenzondelelo, kodwa i-sberbank ayiyi kuba nakho ukuthenga wonke umntu.
Yintoni ekufuneka yenziwe? I-Scablesn kwezinye iimarike. Uninzi luzama ukoyisa imakethi yase-US. Kodwa ngokwamava eeprojekthi zethu, ukubandakanyeka naseRussia, kwaye iUnited States iphantse yangenakwenzeka kwangaxeshanye: Kufuneka ugxile. Kodwa ngoku, ukufudukela eUnited States kuye kwaba nzima ngakumbi kuneminyaka eli-10 eyadlulayo. Isiqalo saseRussia, nokuba ngubani oshukumayo kwiqela lonke, akahlali ngaxeshanye emehlweni abatyali-mali yinkampani yaseMelika. Ngapha koko, kukho iinkxalabo malunga neengcambu zaseRussia. Ngenye indlela, ungazama ukusebenza kwimarike yaseRussia kwaye kwangaxeshanye ukuze uqiniseke iimakethi zaseYurophu, iMbindi Mpuma, mpuma yeAsia. Kule ncwadi idlulileyo, inomdla kancinane kwimvelaphi yokuqalisa. EYurophu, iingcambu zaseRussia zingatsalela umnxeba imibuzo, kodwa okungenani ukulungele ukuphulaphula iimpendulo.
Kwaye kusafuneka ukuba uthathele ingqalelo imeko ekwi-deglobalidis. Ngapha koko, amazwe azigubungele ukuthengisa kwabo kwaye ukhusele abavelisi babo, banyuse amandla okuthengisa ngaphandle. Thatha ubuncinci iMfazwe yase-US ngeTiktok, xa abanini benkonzo baseTshayina banyanzelwa ukuba bathengise isabelo seenkampani zaseMelika. Ubhubhane ukongeza kuphela isantya sale meko. Ngokuchasene nemvelaphi yendawo yokuhlala kunye nokuvalwa kwemida, ukushukuma kwabemi kunciphile, nto leyo eyintloko ekuhambeni kwentshukumo kunye nemali. Ngoku iyabonakala inzima ngakumbi. Kwaye akunakwenzeka ukuba imeko iya kuphucuka kulo nyaka uzayo ide ithathe i-akhawunti yokugonyo ehlabathini. Kwelinye icala, ukuba ngo-2018 isiseko sethu siphantse sonke isivumelwano kwakufuneka siyicacisele imvelaphi yemali, ngoku imali yemali yaseTshayina iwela phantsi. Kodwa imeko inokuphinda itshintshe kwakhona.
Akunakuthethwa ukuba eRussia yonke into imbi nge-ventment yolondolozo lwemali kunye nezamashishini. Kwakukho impumelelo ye-IPO e-IPO kunye ne-ozon. Sineendawo eziphakamileyo ezisemgangathweni eziphezulu ngetekhnoloji yamanye amazwe kunye neemveliso. ERussia, i-Unicorn entsha - inkampani enoqikelelo lwe- $ 1 bhiliyoni-kwi-avareji izelwe kube kanye kwiminyaka emi-3-4. Sibona imfuno yetekhnoloji yethu phesheya. Kuyinyani, icandelo lezoshini langaphandle licinezelela ibhulukhwe, kwaye isicwangciso esipheleleyo sentengiso yamazwe aphesheya ekuqaliseni kwethu ayizaliseki. Nangona kunjalo, ukuthengisa kwakuyi. Ewe, eRussia kunzima ukukhangela iziqalo ezilungileyo, kwaye kufuneka bancede kakhulu kuphuhliso.
I-venchur ye-State ayisiyomfuneko. Mininzi imizekelo esemhlabeni xa imeko ineenkozo ngomsebenzi wophuhliso lwetekhnoloji ngeenkqubo ezizodwa, izibonelelo. Eyona idumileyo, mhlawumbi darpa yaseMelika. Iiarhente kunye namashishini asebenzisa iinkqubo ezinjalo aziyi kuba yinjongo. Bazama ngakumbi ukuxhasa iinjineli, oosomashishini kwiiprojekthi zabo. Abaququzeleli beenkqubo ezinjalo abathathi umngcipheko kunye noxanduva lokukhetha kunye nokukhula okulandelayo kweenkampani, kunye nokubhala kwabo kwimeko yokungaphumeleli. Iingxowa-mali zikawonke-wonke zaye zadalwa eRussia, ngelixa zisesiseko zazo kuhlahlo-lwabiwo mali aziboneleli ngamathuba okubhala iasethi. Kwaye oku kungakhokelela ekuqinisekiseni kwimarike. Iimali zabucala kunzima ukukhuphisana neemali zikarhulumente kuhlahlo-lwabiwo mali kunye nezibonelelo. Iindlela zotyalo-mali zikaRhulumente kwitekhnoloji akufuneki zicinezele imigaqo-nkqubo yokuthengisa.
Uluvo lombhali lungangqinelani nesikhundla soshicilelo lwamaxesha ngamaxesha.