Uqoqosho lwe-Afghanistan, ngakumbi iziseko zophuhliso, zibandezeleka kakhulu kwimfazwe, eqhubeka ngaphezu kweminyaka engama-40. Ilizwe alinamali yokuqinisekisa ubomi bomntu obungaphezulu okanye obungaphantsi kubemi babo. Ke ngoko, ngelixa yonke into igcinwe kwi-US kutyalo-mali, iPakistan neIndiya.
IPakistan ibhengeze imvume yemali kwinani lezigidi ezingama-549 zezigidi zeeprojekthi ezimbini zophuhliso eAfghanistan. Isibonelelo seRupees ezingama-61 ezigidi sibonelela ngenkxaso-mali kunye nokuthathwa koqoqosho kokwakhiwa konxibelelwano lukaloliwe olutsha ukusuka ePakistan Peshawar ukuya kwi-Afghan Jelalabad.
Ukongeza, iRupees yezigidi ezingama-488 yayijolise ekwenzeni iindawo ezahlukeneyo zonyango, kubandakanya nesibhedlele saseGinn eKabul (isibhedlele sesibini esinezibhedlele esinezixhobo ezingama-200 ezinesibhedlele), isibhedlele sase-Amingulla han kwiphondo laseLogar kunye ne-wishtar Isibhedlele saseNephroloks eJalalabad, kwiPhondo laseNangarhar. Uncedo yinxalenye yentsebenziswano yePakistan kwicandelo lophuhliso nelizwe eliselumelwaneni ngaphakathi kwesakhelo senkqubo kaRhulumente yokufumana kwakhona i-Afghanistan.
Ngokubanzi, uncedo lwePakistan kuphuhliso lwaseAfghanistan kule minyaka i-1 i-1 bhiliyoni iyonke: Ijolise kutyalomali kwiziseko zophuhliso, kwimfundo, kwezolimo, ezolimo kunye nokwakha iingcali ze-Afghan. Kule minyaka ilishumi idlulileyo, iPakistan ibonelele amawaka ee-Scholarship to Afghan. Ngo-2020, IKomishini yeMfundo ePhakamileyo (i-HEC) yabhengeza malunga ne-3,000 yezifundo kwinani le-1.5 yeebhiliyoni zabafundi be-Afgthan kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo zePakistan kwimimandla eyahlukeneyo ePakistan kwimimandla eyahlukeneyo, kubandakanya iSayensi yeKhompyutha.
I-USA ngokuchasene ne-coronavirsaUncedo lwaseMelika kuqoqosho lwe-Afghan kunyaka ophelileyo kwaye ekuqaleni kwalo nyaka lwalugxilwe ikakhulu kumlo wokulwa i-Coronavicus kunye nokupheliswa kwayo imiphumo yawo. NgoFebruwari 2021, ngaphakathi kwesakhelo senkqubo yomonakalo woqoqosho lwezoqoqosho, iArhente yase-United States yoPhuhliso lwamaSwente (i-USAID) ixhase amashishini ama-29 AfGhan kwi-AfGhan yoMhlaba we-2021, eya kwenzeka eDubai.
Amashishini abonisa iziqhamo ezomileyo ze-Afghan, i-Saffron, amandongomane, iziqholo, ubusi kunye neejusi. Kunyaka ophelileyo, urhulumente wase-US wanika urhulumente waseAfghanistan 100 izixhobo zokwenziwa kwe-wintitication Izixhobo zokuxhasa umlo ngokuchasene nobhubhane. Izixhobo ze-IVL zasasazwa ngezibhedlele kumaphondo achaphazelekayo yiCovid-19. Lilonke, i-United States kulo nyaka uphelileyo yabiwa ngaphezulu kwe- $ 36,7 yezigidi ukulwa neCodd-19 e Afghanistan kunye ne- $ 90 yezigidi kwi-Afghanistan.
Ngaphandle kwemeko enzima neCoronavirus e Afghanistan kunyaka ophelileyo, bekukho iiprojekthi zaseMelika kwezinye amasimi kweli lizwe. Ngokukodwa, iUnited States kunye ne-Afghanistan batyikitye isivumelwano kumandla ahlaziyiweyo, emva koko urhulumente waseAfghanistan oxhaselweyo ngenkxaso yokufikelela kwimithombo emine ehlaziyiweyo kwinkxaso yokufikelela kwi-Afghan kwi-Afghan kwiNkqubo ethembekileyo nenokufikeleleka.
I-United States sele ichithe amawaka ezigidi zeedola kwilizwe elilawulwa kwizakhiwo nakwizithuthi eziphoswe okanye zitshatyalalisiwe, ngokwengxelo epapashwe ngoMatshi 1, i-2021, umhloli okhethekileyo we-Afghani. Kwangelo xesha, inxalenye ebalulekileyo yemali ichithwe kakubi: Ingxelo ithi ukusuka kwi- $ 7.8 yeebhiliyoni ezichithwe ukusukela ngo-2008 kwizakhiwo nakwizithuthi ezixabisa i-343.2 yezigidi zeedola ezingama-1,2 kuphela Ukusuka kwi- $ 7.8 yezigidigidi ezazihlawula izakhiwo kunye nezithuthi ezazisetyenziselwa injongo yazo.
Ipropathi yenzekile ngokuchasene nemithetho emininzi yaseMelika, ethi iiarhente zaseMelika akufuneki zakhiwe okanye zithenge ii-asethi zemali de zikwazi ukubonisa ukuba ilizwe elixhamlayo linezixhobo zezezimali kunye nokugcina ezi asethi.
UTharek Farhadi, owayengumcebisi wangaphambili kurhulumente wase-Afghan, wathi into yokuba imvakalelo yomxhasi ihlala ilawula, kwaye akukho mntu ubona ukuba i-Afghanistay ikwazi ukuxhasa irhafu kwi Inkcitho yabantu baseMelika berhafu yerhafu. Ngoku uMongameli Joe Biden uphonononge isivumelwano soxolo esityikitywe ngu-Donald Donald Trump kunye noTatan kunyaka ophelileyo. Kuya kufuneka athathe isigqibo sokuba yonke imikhosi ikhokelela kwi-1, njengoko yayithenjisiwe kwimvumelwano, okanye ihlala kwaye inokuthi yandise imfazwe. Ukuqukumbela komkhosi kuya kuthetha ukuncitshiswa kwemali yaseMelika ukuze kubuyiselwe uqoqosho lwase-Afghan.
Impendulo ye-Indian PakistanuNge-9 kaFebruwari, i-India noAfghanistan batyikitye isivumelwano ekwakhiweni kwedama lomgodi kwinani lezigidi ezingama-236 zeedola. IProjekthi yoPhuculo iya kuqinisekisa ukusela ngokukhuselekileyo malunga nezigidi ezingama-2,2 kwaye iyakwandisa ukusebenza kwezibonelelo zokunkcenkceshela kwilizwe liphela. IziCwangciso zeProjekthi yeProjekthi yeProjekthi yayiyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yokufumana imigaqo-nkqubo yelizwe langaphandle eIndiya ebumelwaneni. Okwangoku, malunga neeprojekthi ezili-150 zophuhliso zenziwa eAfghanistan, ngurhulumente waseIndiya obhengeza ngo-2020. Iiprojekthi ezintsha zibandakanya ukuphuculwa konxibelelwano lwendlela, uthungelwano lwamanzi othungelwano lwesiXeko saseCarrikar kunye nesikhululo samandla se-hydroeleleleleleleleleleleleleleleleleletric.
Ngelixa abamelwane abaninzi base-India bajonga njengo "bhuti abadala", u-Afghanistan wamkela ubukho baseIndiya kwingingqi. I-New Delhi ijongane nomtyali-mali ophambili kuzinzo, kwaye iinjongo zayo kweli lizwe yayikukuqinisekisa ukugcinwa kwedemokhrastan, ekuqinisekiseni ubukho be-takistan kule ndawo, nto leyo inokukhokelela ekuqatshelweni kwemisebenzi yobugrogrisi.
Amandla athambileyo yayisisixhobo esisigxina soMgaqo-nkqubo weNgingqi waseIndiya waseIndiya nxamnye ne-Afghanistan. Ukususela ngo-2001, uDelhi otsha wayabelwe ngaphezulu kwebhiliyoni yeedola ngezoncedo, zoncedo loluntu nophuhliso. Kwiphondo laseNtshona, uHerat wagqitywa yiprojekthi yomqondiso, eqaliswe yi-India, eyaziwa ngokuba yinyama yeAfghanistan-India, kunyaka ophelileyo, njengenxalenye yomlo wokulwa i-COROVIRUS, i-India yathumela iyeza lase-Afghanistan.
Iiprojekthi zamandla ahlaziyiweyo: Utyalomali oludibeneyo lwamazwe amathathuAmazwe amathathu abandakanyeka kwiiprojekthi zamandla ahlaziyekayo eAfghanistan: I-Turkey, i-India naseMelika, e-USA, eUnited States ngumtyali-mali ophuhliswa kumazwe aphesheya (i-USAID). I-solar potvoltaic kunye neeprojekthi zomoya zomoya ezisayinwe ngu-Afghanistan ekuweni konyaka ophelileyo njengenxalenye yentengiselwano yezigidi ezingama-160 eziya kungeza i-110 ye-megawatts kwinkqubo yamandla elizwe apha enyakeni. Iiprojekthi ziphuhliswa eKabul, Balkha kunye neGit. Baza kuba sesona sikhulu kweli lizwe kwicandelo lamandla elinye. Esona sakhiwo sikhulu sabambane kwisakhelo seprojekthi siya kuba sisikhululo selanga kwi-balkha, iphondo elinomsebenzi wesango lika-Afghanistan ukuya kwi-Ista. Amandla ayo aya kuba ngama-40 Megawatt. Izityalo ezibini ezininzi ezinamanqanaba ezi-25 megawatts, ilanga kunye nomoya, ziya kufakelwa kwiPhondo laseNtshona Herat, hayi kude kumda kaIran ngeTurkmenistan. Elesine sisikhululo sombane seSolar seSolar-iya kwakhiwa phezu kwedama ebhule kwimpuma yeKabul.
Okwangoku, i-Afghanistan lilizwe elixhomekeke kumandla: Ukungenisa amandla e-Iran, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan kunye ne-Turkmenistan, kuba kuphela i-megawatts ye-GRKIWATRT. Ilizwe elitshatyalalisiweyo ngamashumi eminyaka yokungqubana, kufuneka ii-700 megawatts zeMegawatts ezingama-7 500, ukuze abantu abazizigidi ezingama-33 bafumana umbane.
IimbonoUmgaqo-nkqubo wotyalo-mali wamazwe asemzini eAfghanistan ubukhulu becala iyopolitiki, iimfuno ze-geopolitics zibonakala ngokucacileyo kuyo. Oku kunokuqatshelwa kwintengiso yotyalo-mali kwintengiso ye-Afghan yase-Afghan yase-India nasePakistan, ubudlelwane obuphakathi okutsha nje kutshanje. Zombini i-USA kunye ne-India nePakistan bakhetha ukujongana nabasemagunyeni belizwe kwimicimbi yotyalo-mali, kodwa kukho abo bangakwakheni ubudlelwane boqoqosho kunye nokuhamba kwetaliban.
Umzekelo, iTurkmenistan yeyabo abasemagunyeni abo bathetha-thethana notyalo-mali kwiziseko zophuhliso nabameli beqela le-radical lishgabat. Kwakhona phakathi kolo nyaka, unokuqaphela imizamo yokungena kwintengiso ye-Afghan, ethi, enjengeTurkmenistan, iyavuma ukutyala uqoqosho lwelizwe elilawulwa yi-Totaban. Oku kubonwakwe le nzame ukuthintela ukwandiswa kotyalo-mali kwilizwe laseIndiya, apho i-China inyibilikisile ubudlelwane kunye neentengiso ze-China zaqala ukwakha i-HPP kwi-Brahmaapre, apho i-India ye-India.
Iposwe ngu: I-Mamrits yaseRoma