I-inbussaness.kz Internertent ifundwe ngawaphi amasebe esilwanyana esinenkxaso-mali kunye nendlela abalimi bafumana ngayo amafama afunyenweyo.
Ngokokuhlaziywa kwemali ejolise kwinkxaso-mali yeZilwanyana, kwavela ukuba kususela ngo-2011 ukuya ngo-2019 uhlahlo-mali lukarhulumente lwenkxaso-mali kwi-Tenge i-539 yeebhiliyoni, iinkamela, i-maralovotics). Idatha efunyenwe ukuba eyona nkxaso-mali inkulu yenkxaso-mali yezilwanyana ibonisa ukuzala iinkomo zenyama. Umthamo wenkxaso-mali kuyo yayiyi-239 yezigidigidi iphuma kwi-599 yeebhiliyoni kwi-539 yezigidigidi, kodwa kwangaxeshanye inkxaso yelizwe yayigutyungelwe ngamawaka angama-28 amawaka. Isalathiso somzi-mveliso siyi-1.41.
I-AMAYESES, uMlawuli oLawulayo weXesha leKazakhstan:
-Uhlalutyo lwenkxaso-mali lubonise ukuba owona msebenzi uncinane ngempumelelo kwiinkomo zeenkomo zobisi. Kwiminyaka eli-9, i-95 yezigidigidi zabelwa, kwaye ukukhula kwe-GDP yayiyi-71 yeebhiliyoni kuphela, nto leyo encinci xa kuthelekiswa namanye amashishini amakhulu. Ngokuhambelana, isalathiso sokusebenza yi-0.74. Umzi mveliso okhula ngokukhawuleza yimvu. Unesalathiso sobuchule yi-2.2 kunye ne-46% - inqanaba lokugubungela inkxaso-mali. Ukulima iinkukhu zeqanda kubonisa ukukhula kwe-GDP ye-GDP kwi-130%, kunye ne-Index esebenzayo kwinqanaba le-1.24. Inkxaso yokukhula kwemveliso kunye nendlela echaphazela ngayo amaxabiso, afunyenwe kuMbutho weShishini. Ndicinga ukuba le nkxaso-mali kwi-inyama yokutsala inyama yokufuya kakuhle. Kuhlalutyo kucacile ukuba i-GDP yemveliso ngo-2011 ukuya ku-9. Inyuke amaxesha ama-2,5, oko kukuthi, abamkeli benkxaso-mali banika iziphumo.
Ngokuphunyezwa kwe-Agrigus-2020 Inkqubo esele isebenza ukusukela ngo-2011, amashishini amakhulu emizi-mveliso kwicandelo lemihlaba yezilwanyana kunye nolimo kuphuhlisa iifama ezahlukeneyo zeKazakhstan. Izaphulelo ezinkulu, izityalo zokulungisa inyama, izizwe zokuzalwa ngokutsha ngezizwe zaziswa. Ukulungelelanisa umsebenzi weshishini, senze umbutho kwaye simele iimfuno zabathathi-nxaxheba kumzi-mveliso kwimicimbi yerhafu, ukubolekisa, ukufikelela kwikhredithi kunye neminye imiba. I-nuesus ezininzi zenzeka xa kugunyazisa inkxaso-mali. Ngathi, iSebe lezolimo lifumana ulwazi, oko kukuthi, idatha evela kumasimi esiqokelelayo kwaye siqokelele.
Imali etyalwe kwi-Flarry yezilwanyana ifana nokukhuthaza ishishini, kuba i-chain yetekhnoloji yayingakhiwanga ngaphambi kokuqalisa kwenkqubo yesilwanyana esinenyama, kwakungekho nguqu wamashishini. Enkosi kwinkxaso-mali kukho ukuphuculwa kwemfuza, umgangatho wemfuyo uphuculwe. Umzekelo, kwiminyaka engapheliyo, ngenxa yenguqu yenguqu ethengiweyo, ubunzima bexhego be-CRS kweli lizwe benyuka ukusuka kwi-154 ukuya kwi-175 kg.
Inkxaso-mali inceda ukutshintsha imali yokutyalomali. Ngokuphathelele amaxabiso, iinkxaso-mali zinceda ukugcina amaxabiso eemveliso, kodwa hayi kangangoko anokubonakala. Iipesenti ezingama-70 zexabiso lenyama yenza ukutya, okukokwayenziwa ngemali, kodwa kungekuphela ngokupheleleyo. Inkxaso-mali kwishishini lemfuyo yeshishini njengenkuthazo yokubandakanya abantu kweli shishini. Sinendawo yedlelo enkulu kunye namazwe amaninzi angaphuhliswanga, kwaye, ukuze atsale abantu kwisixeko esiya kwilali ezayo ezilalini, kufuneka kubekho inkuthazo ethile. Sibambelela kumgaqo-nkqubo onjalo wokuba kwixa elizayo kungcono ukushiya kuphela inkxaso-mali yotyalo-mali kwaye ugcine ukwehla kwexabiso lenzala kwiibhanki. Oku kuyakukhupha phantse konke ukungqubana.
UMaxim Bozko, intloko ye-EGG DERRRRS UMVANEKO OKANYE
-Inkqubo ye-State yeNkxaso yeHight ye-Egg yathatha ngaphezulu kweminyaka eli-10 eyadlulayo. Ngelo xesha, eyona nkxaso-mali ihlawulweyo ikhutshwe kwiimveliso ezigqityiweyo, oko kukuthi, iqanda kwaye iqaphele iqanda. Sikholelwa ukuba ichanekile ukwahlula-hlula inkxaso-mali kwinkcitho yeshishini (izinto ezingafunekiyo, ukutya), kodwa ngenxa yoko. Ivuselela uphuhliso lweshishini. Iifektri zazinomdla wokuvelisa amaqanda amaninzi kangangoko ukufumana inkxaso-mali ngakumbi. Ngenxa yoku, kangangeminyaka eli-10, ukulima ibhotile eKazakhstan khulile izihlandlo ezininzi kwaye kuvalwe ngokupheleleyo iimfuno zentengiso yendawo. Ngo-2019, savelisa amaqanda angaphezu kwama-5 ezigidi kwaye saya kuthumela ngaphandle. Baqala ukuhambisa amaqanda eRussia, eAfghanistan, iKyrgyzstan, eTajikistan. Ngaphezulu kwe-10% yomthamo weqanda oveliswe eKazakhstan ethunyelwe ekuthumezwe ngaphandle. Uphuhliso lwe-Peak lwawa ngo-2018 ukuya ku-2009.
Ngelishwa, uphuhliso oluqinisekileyo lweli shishini lusihlutha inkxaso karhulumente. Urhulumente wagqiba kwelokuba kuphela kwendlela ezinqabileyo kufuneka zigcinwe kuphela. Kwakugwetyiwe ngoDisemba wama-2019. Kodwa kunomdla ukuba ukufakwe endaweni yemveliso yezityalo kuhlala, kwaye njengoko uyazi, sinentsalela phantse izityalo zonke. Sivelisa izihlandlo ezine ngaphezulu kokutya.
Unobangela kunye neziphumo
Emva kokuthatha isigqibo malunga nokupheliswa kwenkxaso-mali kwimveliso yeqanda, salumkisa ukuba le nto ingakhokelela kwinto yokuba ishishini ingasebenzi ishishini kwaye ishishini aliyi kuba nomdla. Iifektri ziya kuqala ukunciphisa imfuyo, eya kukhokelela ekwehla kwemveliso. Yenzekile. Ngo-Agasti 2020, sabona ukwehla kwemveliso nge-7%. NgoSeptemba-Okthobha, kwakukho umkhuhlane weentaka, ophumla imfuyo ngenye i-20%. Namhlanje kwimakethi sibona ukuphakama okukhawulezileyo kumaxabiso eemveliso zeqanda. Ukongeza kokunqongophala kwemfuyo, izinto zokutya (nge-30-100%), esiyisebenzisayo kwimveliso: Ingqolowa, i-punare, ioyile yemifuno, ioyile yemifuno. Urhulumente ujonge ukusimangalela ngamaxabiso athe tyaba, ebonisa ukuba iindleko zeemveliso zikhule ngaxeshanye kuzo zonke iimveliso. Sicacisa ukuba oku kungenxa yokwanda kwexesha elinye neendleko kunye nokunciphisa ukuhanjiswa kwamaqanda kwintengiso yeKazakhstan.
Siyaqonda nokuba ukunyuka kweqanda leqanda kubangela ukuba abe ne-goone. Kodwa ingxaki ayingabo abavelisi. Oku kwenzeka ngenxa yokuba iifektri zeqanda zigqibe kwelokuba zifumane iprofayile enkulu. Kule minyaka mihlanu idlulileyo, ishishini leqanda linenzuzo ephantsi egcinwe kwi-2-5% ngonyaka. Kubandakanya le nzuzo yefektri efunyenweyo ngenxa yenkxaso karhulumente. Ngaphambili, inkxaso-mali ihlawulwe kwinani lokusukela kwi-2 ukuya kwi-3 tenge kwiqanda elivelisiweyo nelufezekisiweyo. Ngo-Agasti 2020, imigaqo yaguquka, kwaye ngoku sifumana amaxesha amabini, ukusuka kwi-1 ukuya kwi-1 ukuya kwi-1,5 tenge. Namhlanje, indleko iphakathi yemveliso yamaqanda eKazakhstan imalunga nama-350 uthandazeni. Kwaye, ngokufanelekileyo, iinkxaso-mali zeefektri ezinkulu ezivelisa amaqanda angaphezu kwe-200 yezigidi ngonyaka ngu-1.5 tenge. Kuyavela, inqanaba lenkxaso-mali namhlanje line-4% yeendleko. Iminyaka eli-10 eyadlulayo iindleko zamaqanda yayiyi-15 tenge, kwaye inkxaso-mali yayi-3. Oko kukuthi, inkxaso-mali yangaphambili yayingama-20% eendleko, ezazikhulisa kakuhle kuphuhliso lwemveliso, ke imiqulu yawo ikhule. Ngoku iindleko zikhule zingaphezulu kwamaxesha angama-2,5, kwaye inkxaso yelizwe incitshisiwe kabini, endaweni yokukhulisa okanye ukugcina kwinqanaba elifanayo.
Ukukhangela inkuthazo
Sicela iSebe lezoLimo ukuze sibuyisele inkxaso-mali yemveliso kwi-3 tenge kwaye sihlawule zonke izinto ngokulinganayo, nokuba ziyimveliso. Yayidla ngokucaca ukuba i-fertad enkulu yomzi-mveliso, incinci indleko, kwaye iCandelo loMphathiswa wezoLimo ngaloo ndlela lavuselela ukwanda kwemveliso. Kodwa ngoku, xa kusekwe imarike eKazakhstan, kukho ifama eyaneleyo yeenkukhu, enokuvelisa amaqanda aneleyo, akusafuneki ukuba inyuse ngakumbi ukwanda kwemiqolomba, kuba akukho ntengiso. Kuthi thina, intengiso enomdla yokuthumela ngaphandle yayiya kuba yiChina. Nyaka ngamnye sicela iSebe lezoLimo ukuze liphumeze umsebenzi ekufumaneni kwalo. Kodwa kubonakala ngathi ayiyona nto iphambili kubo, kwaye ayicacisi ukuba kutheni. Ukuvulwa kwemakethi ye-PRC kuya kuba yinkuthazo yokuphucula umthamo wemveliso yeqanda kwiKazakhstan. Okwangoku, asinakukhuthaza ukuphucula. Silungiselele imakethi yasekhaya, kwaye oku kwanele. Ngoku kufuneka ugcine ivolumu yemveliso yangoku kwaye ungayiniki, ngoko ke sithetha ngenkxaso yenkxaso. Inkxaso-mali ngqo yabavelisi bezoLimo yenye yeendlela zokuphangwa kwamaxabiso.
Kwixesha elizayo, akukho zinto ziphambili zokuphumelela kwamaxabiso anyukayo. Ixabiso leqanda liphakame ngoDisemba 2020 - nge-2021, emva koko wema. Intengiso ingaphezulu okanye ilingane. I-Tenge i-Tenge ngoku indleko zokuvelisa amaqanda, ixabiso lokuthengisa kumzi-mveliso ngu-400 i-tenge yeshumi elinambini. Sikholelwa ukuba ixabiso elilungeleleneyo nelinganayo indleko zeendleko zeenkukhu kunye nokunika inzuzo kwinqanaba le-14%. Akukho nanye kwifama yeenkukhu efumana i-50% okanye i-100% yenzuzo.
Enye yeengxaki zenkxaso karhulumente kumzi-mveliso weqanda kukuba kwimimandla eyahlukeneyo, amantshontsho anceda uhlahlo-lwabiwo mali olwahlukileyo. Kwenye indawo yeenkukhu zifumana i-100% yenkxaso-mali, kwenye indawo - i-10-15%. Isalathiso seqanda asiyona nto iphambili kwi-AIC, ngenxa yoko ixhaswa ngumgaqo oshiyekileyo.
Kukho ingxaki yemfuno yexesha elizayo. Ngexesha lokufudumeleyo, abantu batya amaqanda amancinci kunye neemveliso zemfuyo. Imfuno yeqanda ehlotyeni liwela kabini. Kwimizi-mveliso yemizi-mveliso, akukho ndlela yokulawula imiqulu yemveliso, kuba iicawa ze-hens zikumzi-mveliso iminyaka emibini, kwaye azinakufumaneka kwi-piak enkulu. Ke ngoko, unyaka wonke kwimveliso malunga nenani elilinganayo leqanda, kwaye imfuno kwimarike. Ukongeza, siya kuzisa intsalela yaseRussia ukuba ilahle amaxabiso. Kuyimfuneko ukuqinisa ulawulo malunga nokungenisa amaqanda. Ukulahla inkunkuma kuyingozi kuphuhliso lweshishini lasekhaya, kwaye i-Arhente yoKhuseleko ekukhutshelweni kufuneka ichonge izibakala ezinjalo kwaye isondle abangenisi abaphula umthetho wokulahla inkunkuma. Ishishini alinakusebenza ngenzuzo embi, yindlela ethe ngqo ebhankini.
Sinethemba lokutshintsha isimo sengqondo sobulungiseleli bezoLimo kuShishino lweqanda waseKazakhstan. Okona, ukubuyiselwa kwenkxaso-mali ecinyiweyo, ukungeniswa kweenguqu ezinkulu ekufikeleleni ngokulinganayo kwinkxaso yemigaqo yazo zonke iifektri, ukhuseleko kuphuhliso olungathethekiyo kubamelwane bethu kunye nokuvulwa kweemarike zokuthumela ngaphandle ukuthunyelwa kwemveliso.
Yathi iJetbaev, intloko yeFama yoPhakathi "Zhebizwashe" kumzi-mveliso weegusha:
-Singena kwezintathu eziphezulu zeefama zasekhaya ezikhokelayo. Ukususela ngo-2020, inkxaso-mali kwicandelo lomalusi inyuswe malunga ne-50%, kwaye kwezinye iindlela, nokuba i-100%. Ngalo lonke ixesha lenkxaso-mali yoMzi-mveliso wemfuyo, uSheepodia unikwe ingqalelo engafakwanga, kodwa ukusebenza kwenkxaso-mali yomalusi kuphakame kakhulu xa kuthelekiswa namanye amashishini.
Sineendawo ezintlanu ezibandakanyeka kwizimvu kwinqanaba elikhulu: Ngummandla waseTerkestan, uKyzylorda, Zhambyl, Almamy naseMpuma Kazakhstan Ingingqi. IMvana yethu ikwimfuno enkulu kwi-UAE kunye neChina. Kuba kukho imfuno yayo, kuyakhiwa inyama yenyama eKazakhstan. Kodwa kumthwalo womsebenzi wesityalo senyama senyama singena kumthamo wenyama. Ukonyusa imfuyo, urhulumente kufuneka enze amafama, akhulise inkxaso-mali kulo mzi-mveliso, ke abantu baya kubandakanyeka ngenzuzo kwizimvu. Ke ngoko, ngoku inkxaso-mali kweli shishini yaqala ukwanda, oko kuthetha ukuba abantu baqala ukukhula.
Ukuhambisa imvana ukuya kwinye imvana, urhulumente uhlawula i-tenge amawaka ama-3 eefama eziqhelekileyo, ezixhasa ulongezelelo olongezelelekileyo kubalingane. Ukunyuka kwenkxaso-mali kunye nomsebenzi wokuzala. Umzekelo, ngo-2019 ndahlawula i-tenge yamawaka ngentloko ngentloko nganye, kwaye ngoku amawaka ama-4 amawaka eempi. Ukutyeba kwanikwa i-1,5 ye-Tenge, kwaye ngoku kuphakame ukuya kwi-2,5 yamawaka.
Igusha ayiphuhli isantya esikhulu, kwaye abantu abaninzi kule ndawo ye-Flanerry Frain. Kungenxa yokuba umlimi uthengisa iinkomo, njengoko efuna imali yomxholo wosapho. Abalingane baswele imali esebenzayo. Ndiyakholelwa ukuba ibhanki yezolimo iyafuneka, eya kuthi inike imali ubuncinci ipesenti. Ngapha koko, kwiBhodi yaBalawuli beAgrobank kufuneka babe ngabameli bemveliso, kwishishini okanye kwimibutho yamacandelo.
Kwishishini legusha, ingxaki enkulu enezakhelo - akukho balusi, umzekelo. Akukho mntu ufuna ukuya emlonyeni wezimvu okanye iinkomo, kuba akukho meko. Iinyanga ezili-12 bahlala kwiitreyini nasekrsus, bakhokela indlela yokuphila ye-nomadic. Kangangonyaka, umalusi uhamba malunga namaxesha ama-4, kwaye asinakwenza imeko yabo. Siphakamise umbuzo ubuncinci, abanye abantu ukuba baye kulo msebenzi, banike izibonelelo. Urhulumente wenza ukuba bakwazi ukuqesha abasebenzi abahlanu kwamanye amazwe. Kwaye amaziko asemthethweni akanayo ilungelo lokuqesha abasebenzi. Kunyaka wesibini sinejam, kwaye asazi ukuba sikhule njani ngakumbi. Akukho mntu uya emsebenzini, nangona sibeka umvuzo ophakathi we-150-200 yamawaka eTenge, othathwa njengengalunganga kwilali. Ukuphuhliswa koqoqosho, sifuna abasebenzi kungekuphela kwiKazakhstan, kodwa nakwamanye amazwe. Ke ukhuphiswano luza kuqala kwaye, mhlawumbi, abantu bendawo bayasebenza.
Maria gashko
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