Sele namhlanje, indawo yentengiso iba yindlela ephambili yokunxibelelana nabathengi kwintengiso yeempahla kunye neenkonzo. Kukho ukungena kwitekhnoloji yetekhnoloji kuzo zonke iinkalo zobomi, ukuqala ngolandelelwano lokutya endlwini kwaye umnxeba ngaphambi kokuba uhambe izinja kunye neemoto zokurenta. ERussia, iphuli yeqonga elifunwayo le-diditay lenziwa ngokuthe ngcembe. Ngoku iquka i-aliexpress yelinye ilizwe (i-China), iAmazon (i-USA), ukusuka kwintengiso yasekhaya kubabekho ePhindberries, i-ozon, i-lamoda.
Ngokweqela le-Arhente ledatha ye-Arhente yedatha, nge-2024 e-Commerce iya kuthatha i-19% (7.2 i-ruble ye-rubles) ukusuka kwintengiso epheleleyo yokuthengisa eRussia. Ekupheleni kukaMeyi 2020, isalathi esifanayo sasikwinqanaba le-9% (i-2,5 yezigidi).
Utyalomali lwevenkile ezinkulu kunye nabathengisi kwiphulo lokutsala abathengi abatsha, ukwandisa iJografi yeJografi kunye neenyanga zokuhambisa, kunye nokukhula ngokukhawuleza kwentengiso ye-e-commerce . Kwisiqingatha sokuqala sama-2020, ukuthengisa kwi-Intanethi sezinto zemihla ngemihla inyuka xa kuthelekiswa nexesha elifanayo lika-2019 ngamaxesha angama-4,3.
Ngokutsho kweengcali, ulawulo lwexesha lokungasebenziyo 'lukhokelele okungenani izigidi ezili-10 zaseSusani kwi-intanethi; Alithandabuzeki elokuba esi siphithiphithi siya kukhula. Kwiparadigm yokuphuhliswa koqoqosho lwedijithali kunye ne-tenution yeTekhnoloji yale mihla kwizithuba ezahlukeneyo zobomi bethu zinokuqiniseka ukuba zikho ngokusebenzisa amaqonga orhwebo nge-elektroniki kuphuhliso lweshishini.
Amashishini aliqela anokwahlula-hlula, itekhnoloji yentengiso sele ifumene isicelo sayo. Kukuqesha izindlu, amagumbi kunye nepropathi, ukuhamba, izindlu kunye neenkonzo zokusetyenziswa, ukutya, ukuqeshisa, ukhathalelo lwezempilo, umsebenzi kunye nabanye abaninzi. Le yiseti esisiseko yeenkonzo, ngaphandle kokuba kunjani lona uluntu.
Kodwa kuyimfuneko ukubuza lo mbuzo: Liza kuba yintoni inqanaba elilandelayo lokudityaniswa?
Enye yeendawo ezibonakalayo zophuhliso lorhwebo olukwiphepha le-Intanethi ngokuqinisekileyo lungumgangatho wetekhnoloji yezezimali. Sele, unokubona isidingo sokwazisa itekhnoloji yendalo ye-ecosystems ukuze uthengise iimveliso ezinjengamakhadi ebhanki kunye neemveliso zeinshurensi, iimveliso zemali, iimveliso zotyalo-mali, iinkonzo zokuvula kunye Ukulawulwa kweeakhawunti zabarhwebi, i-IIS nangaphezulu.
Imakethi - Ubomi obutsha beemarike zezezimaliNjengoko bekutshiwo ngaphambili, sibona ukudityaniswa kwehlabathi jikelele leTekhnoloji yeNtengiso kwiindawo ezininzi zobomi bethu bemihla ngemihla. Ngenxa yokuphuhliswa ngokusebenzayo kweemarike zemali, itekhnoloji kwi-Resail Bunking kunye neemveliso zemali (iimveliso zamatyala, iimveliso zeinshurensi, iinkonzo zeinshurensi kunye neenkonzo ezinxulumene noko) ziya zithandwa kakhulu. Iprojekthi ye "Markes" yaya kwangoko engqondweni, eyaqalwa yiBhanki yaseRussia ngoDisemba ngo-2017. Injongo yale projekthi kukwenza inkqubo yowiso-mthetho kunye nolawulo lwentengiso ekude yemveliso yeli lizwe, ngaphandle kobhaliso olulandelayo kwirejista ekhethekileyo - irekhodi lentengiselwano yemali (i-RFT ). Ibhili efanelekileyo yamkelwa nguRhulumente Dumation yeRussian Federation ngehlobo lama-2020, enyathelwe i-Womatint sezowiso kunye namathuba amatsha okuphuhlisa kwimigaqo yentengiso.
Kukwakufanelekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba le projekthi intsha itshintshiselwano yi "filslags", eyayisa i-hypermart yokuqala yemali "kwisakhelo semigangatho ye-elektroniki ye-Russian Federation. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, iqonga liqulathe iinkonzo zedipozithi kwiibhanki ezininzi zaseRussia, kwaye kukho nethuba lokuthenga umgaqo-nkqubo we-Osago.
Ngo-Epreli kwango-2020, 'iKhabhinethi yobuqu yoMphuhlisi "kwiSherbenbank isebenza kwi-Intanethi iphinde yenziwa ngenkonzo entsha, eyakhiwe ngendawo yentengiso yabaphuhlisi. Iqonga lenzelwe ukukhangela iinkampani zolawulo okanye abatyali-mali-xa ufaka isicelo semali yeprojekthi. Ngayo, kunokwenzeka ukuba ifayile ekude ifayile yokuFunda ngemali yeNkxaso-mali yeZindlu, ukulandelela amanqanaba endlela yayo kwaye ukuthumela onke amaxwebhu ayimfuneko ekufumaneni imali mboleko.
Ngokubanzi, onke amanye amaqonga edijithali, eziboniswe kwimarike, zinokubizwa ngokuba ziphawulwe zithengiswa: Konke i-Balo.b, Sravni.ru " Okokuqala, bahlulelwe kukunqongophala kweqonga, babeka izindululo ezifumanekayo kwintengiso, ngaphandle kweenkonzo ezongezelelweyo. Ngapha koko, ezi zii-widogenerators ezinkulu ngohlahlo-lwabiwo mali olunzulu, oomatshini.
Kwaye yintoni entshona?Kwakukho itekhnoloji eyongezelelweyo ngakumbi entshonalanga, kwaye, njengoko idla ngokwenzeka, ezona zinto zintle zasentshona zihamba kancinci, kodwa ngokuqinisekileyo zikufumanisa ukuqhubeka kwazo okusesikweni kwimifanekiso yaseRashiya. Kodwa ngoko nangoko kufuneka kuqatshelwe: I-Western Fiptech ihluke ngokupheleleyo. Uninzi lwamaqonga edijithali phezu kolwandle, eYurophu nakwilizwe laseAsia sebenzisa ngenzondelelo imodeli yokuqalisa i-P2P (oontanga-to-peer). I-P2P yokubolekisa yimodeli yonxibelelwano xa umtyali-mali unokubonelela ngemali mboleko komnye umntu wabucala okanye ishishini ngenkonzo ekhethekileyo ye-Intanethi (P2P). Inkonzo enjalo yinkampani yomlamli eyenza imithetho yomdlalo wabasebenzisi kwaye iyabanceda ukuba bafumane omnye komnye.
Phakathi kwamatyala asentshona, iiprojekthi ezininzi zingahlulwa. Umzekelo, i-striclond (i-USA) ingaba uMarketi, apho abafundi kunye nabafundi bakutshanje abangamaziko emfundo abaphezulu banokungafuneki kuqeqesho. Iprojekthi yasungulwa ngoNovemba ka-2012, kunye nembali yeminyaka engama-8 ngoncedo lwayo esele likhutshiwe kwimali mboleko kwi-2,5 yezigidigidi zabafundi abangamawaka ali-100. Okanye, umzekelo, iProjekthi yeMmvuwudi yeMonp ye-P2P yindawo yokulungiselela indalo iphela, apho unokufumana khona imali mboleko kuyo nayiphi na into: ekufundeni ishishini. Abathengi bafumana imali mboleko kumanyathelo amathathu alula: Ubhaliso - ukhetho lwexesha lokuthenga ngetyala-ukubeka ishedyuli yokuhlawula. Umbolekisi wokuqala we-P2P - iZopa (e-United Kingdom), imbali yakhe ithatha ukuqala ngo-2004. Igama lenkampani ligqitywe njenge "mimandla yesivumelwano semvumelwano yesivumelwano. Ngoku iqonga line-45,000 yeediphozithi ezisebenzayo kunye nababolekisi abangama-71,000, okuthetha ukuba bayaqhubeka bekhulela nasemva kweminyaka emininzi. Okulandelayo, iProjekti Leganvest (uBukumkani base-United Kingdom) luphawu lwe-P2P ngokukodwa kwindlu yokuthengiswa kwezindlu. Kwiphepha eliphambili lendawo onokuthi ukhethe ukuba ngubani ofuna ukuba yi: obolekayo okanye umtyali-mali. Ukusukela ukuqaliswa ngo-2008, inkampani ikhuphe ngaphezulu kwe- $ 1.5 yezigidigidi ($ 1.9 yezigidigidi) kwimali mboleko yokuthenga, ukwakha okanye ukulungiswa kwepropathi. Ukongeza, iseyindawo kaBimoticari yabasunguli kunye nabasebenzi benkampani. Nge-10 ka-Agasti ka-2017 le-lendanvest ngempumelelo ye-fats fats fats kwi-London Stock Assovers. I-Smava (iJamani) ingumthengisi waseJamani ngokuthelekisa iimali mboleko zakho. Isiseko sayo sinemali mboleko kwiibhanki ezahlukeneyo, izindululo zawo zamatyala kunye nemali mboleko evela kubabolekisi babucala. I-Smava iya kukhetha ezona mboleko ezilungileyo kuphela kwaye kuphela ezo zinto zinokubuyiswa ngumthengi. Ukwandisa ukhetho oluchanekileyo lwemali mboleko, bonisa: injongo yemali mboleko, isixa semali mboleko sivela kwi- € 1 ukuya kwi-120 lamawaka, ixesha lemali mboleko. I-jimubox (i-Chimi) yindawo yoMbutho wezezimali odumileyo wase China, enye yeenkampani zokuqala zeFintech esebenza neebhanki zaseTshayina kwaye inelayisensi ukuya emsebenzini kwi-Intanethi. Ukuqala kukwalilungu loMbutho wezemali weSizwe we-Intanethi noBeijing P2P. Eyona nto iphambili kwinkonzo kukuba iloliwe kubatyali-mali kunye nabo bafuna ukuba yiyo. I-jimubox inceda ukudala iphakheji "efanelekileyo yezabelo kumtyali ngamnye, ukufundisisa ngezinto anomdla nomngcipheko. Apha ungathatha imali mboleko yobuqu okanye yeshishini.
IZIBONELELO ZABASEBENZIEyokuqala neyona nto ibalulekileyo lithuba labathengi ukuba bafumane iseti eyimfuneko yeefayile zefestile enye. Umzekelo, ukuba unomnqweno wokwenza imali mboleko okanye ikhadi letyala, umxhasi ugcwalisa isicelo kule ndawo ngokucofa kabini, ukwinkqubo yokuchonga i-intanethi kwaye ufumane imveliso. Ukuba enye yeebhanki ngenxa yesinye isizathu ithumele ukwala, oko akuthethi ukuba abanye baya kubala abanye. Inzuzo engenakuphikiswa yokuphunyezwa kwetekhnoloji kukuthelekisa izindululo zabakhuphisana kwaye ukhethe imveliso ehlangabezana ngokupheleleyo neemfuno zomthengi.
Kufanelekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba, ngokwemvelo, indawo yentengiso ichaza ukhuphiswano phakathi kwababoneleli beenkonzo, njengoko iimeko zokhuphiswano zifumaneka: Imigaqo-nkqubo yamaxabiso kunye neemeko zeenkampani zokhuphiswano zihlala zivulekile, nto leyo eyenza ukuba kwenzeke ukuba kufike izigqibo malunga nokuba kutheni imveliso ingathengiswa, nokuba inezinto ezifanayo zorhwebo. Ngenxa yoko, ukhuphiswano luyakhula - kwaye, okona kubaluleke kakhulu, ukubonelelwa kwezorhwebo kuyaphuculwa kubathengi. Ngapha koko, itekhnoloji ivumela abathengisi ukuba bacombulule iingxaki ezininzi, ezinjengeempahla. Kukho ingxaki ye "myile yokugqibela" kunye nonxibelelwano nomthengi kwinqanaba lokugqibela lekhonkco. Iibhanki ezininzi kunye neenkampani zeinshurensi azinakho ukusebenzisa iimveliso zabo kweminye imimandla ngenxa yokunqongophala kwezixhobo, nangona kukho inkonzo "yetyala" ikhutshiwe ngokulinganayo eMoscow kunye ne-USSURIAYSK. Akukho mahluko, ke, ngoko, ukulindela iminyhadala, abathengisi bemali baya kuphuhliswa ngumlinganiso wokutya. Kwaye kwenzeka njani ukuba baphuhliswe phambi korhwebo, sazi kakuhle ukuthembeka ngokugqibeleleyo: I-Aliexpress ibamba umhlaba wonke, i-ozon ifikelelwe ngempumelelo kwi-IPO, yandex.Market. Ngendlela, enye ingxoxo enzima ethetha ngayo itekhnoloji yinyani yokuba, ngokomthetho wangoku, owawukhankanywe ngaphambili, ishishini ngalinye elibhalisiweyo elibhaliswe kwinkqubo yentengiselwano yezemali - uMbhalisi we Intengiselwano (ikopi. RFT). Ulona hlobo lulandelayo ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: Xa uthenga umxhasi womthengi / wenkonzo, ulwazi malunga nentengiselwano egqibeleleyo ithunyelwe kwangoko kwi-Central Bank, ngenxa yoko ukunyaniseka kunye nobume bentengiselwano kuqinisekisiwe; Ngamanye amagama, kuqinisekisiwe ukuba ukuthengiselana ngokwemigaqo, kuthathelwa ingqalelo yonke iminqweno yomthengi, eya kuthi ichaphazele ubunyulu kunye nokuvuleleka kwentengiso xa iyonke.
UkuqukumbelaUnokuqhubeka uxabana ngesihloko sophuhliso lwetekhnoloji, kodwa, enyanisweni, yimfuneko yokuqonda oku kulandelayo: Ivenkile yentengiso - ophuhlisa ifomathi yezorhwebo eRussia, ivula amathuba amatsha eshishini. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, uninzi lwabathengi bakulungele ukusebenzisa iinkonzo zedijithali, bathenga iimpahla kunye neenkonzo kwi-Intanethi. I-"Markes" iteknoloji eguquguqukayo kwiimveliso kunye neenkonzo ezintsha, indlela yokuphila yabemi kunye nokuziphatha kwabathengi kwabathengi. Ukuba abathengisi bokuqala banceda umthengisi kunye nomthengi ukuba afumane omnye komnye, kunye nexesha lendawo, i-verctor yophuhliso yatshintshwa kumthengi wokugqibela kwaye yaqala ukumnika iseti eyongezelelweyo yeenkonzo ezifunekayo ebomini. Iintengiso zentengiso zajika zaba yinkonzo yokuhambahamba kwezinto ezininzi, zivumela ukusombulula iingxaki zabathengi ezizodwa, kodwa zikwazi ukuvula amathuba amatsha amashishini, abathengisi beemveliso zezemali, ezazibonakaliswa ngokucacileyo ngexesha elinamava ewonke.
Ngokweqela lokuhlalutya lehlelane, i-Coronacrisis iye yaba yi-55% yabathengisi kwaye ivule amathuba amatsha okuguqulwa kwabo kunye nokukhula, enye iipesenti ezingama-23 zeenkampani zidibene nefys ebukhali kumsebenzi wabathengi, kodwa kulindelwe ukuba kuvunywe kakhulu Inqanaba elidlulileyo ngexesha elifutshane emva kokususa i-lock, kuba ekwishishini elithembisayo. Iyonke, iipesenti ezingama-78 zazo zonke iinkampani zilinde "i-plus / thabatha" elithembisa ikamva.
Kulindelwe ukuba kwenzeke ukuba kwenziwe indawo yebhanki, i-2021 iya kuba nzima ngakumbi kwezangaphambili. Oku kudityaniswa kungekuphela kwemeko yenkolo, kodwa kwakhona ngethontsi lenkqubo yenzala, ehlaziyile ubuncinci bembali. Oku kuthetha ukuba iibhanki ziya kubaluleka ukwandisa ukuthengisa kweemveliso zabo, ngokulandelelana, umsebenzi weebhanki ngokwandiswa kwesiseko somthengi kuya kunyuka kuphela. Kodwa azizizo zonke iibhanki ziya kukwazi ukwenza oku, kuba kukho intengiso yabadlali abaninzi kwimarike yentengiso, kwaye, kunjalo, igunya labo liya kunyuka kuphela.
Ke, kunokwenzeka ukuba uqaphele imfuno engenamiqathango yamanqaku entengiso amancinci amancinci aphakathi, anokubanceda ukuba basombulule i-conces, kubandakanywa nabo banxulunyaniswa nekhonkco, unxibelelwano nabathengi kuwo onke amanqanaba okwenza intengiselwano kunye neengxaki zokuhambisa. Ngokungathandabuzekiyo, ukudityaniswa kwetekhnoloji ye "Markles" kwinqanaba lokuqala, kodwa, njengoko besitsho, "le ngxaki lixesha lamathuba"; Sele, ngokuzithemba kunokuthenjwa ukuba, ngaphandle kokungazinzi kwe-coronavirus kunye nokungazinzi kwezoqoqosho, siya kujongana nokuphuhliswa kwezentengiso, sinokuzigcina ngokusebenzayo zombini ukuthengisa nje ngokukodwa. Ukuvela kwesiseko somthetho esisebenzayo sesi siqinisekiso.
IRussia isendleleni yophuhliso olucwangcisiweyo lweshishini ngokukhulisa ukhuphiswano olusempilweni, ukuphucula umgangatho weemveliso zezemali kunye nabathengi, ukuphucula icandelo lezemali letyala, elo liyinto ebalulekileyo kuphuhliso loqoqosho lweSizwe.
Kufanelekile ukuba banikele ingqalelo ngokukodwa "kwimeko yesiRashiya" yoPhuculo lweeMakethi yezeMali ngenxa yenkxaso esebenzayo kwi-Central Bank ye-Russian Federation. Ndingathanda ukukholelwa ukuba ukuthatha inxaxheba komlawuli kaRhulumente kuya kunceda ukuqinisekisa ukufumaneka kweenkonzo zezezimali kumacandelo amaninzi, ngaphandle kokuba ubukho bendawo, kunye nokwanda kwenkxaso yentengiso yentengiso encinci kunye neebhanki eziphakathi kunye neenkampani zeinshurensi kwinqanaba lengingqi.