Ifoto yaseMelika uMarie Kosyplas iguqule ifoto yombala kuhlobo lobugcisa ohlukileyo. Kwiminyaka engama-60, xa kuphela ifoto emnyama nemhlophe yaqondwa kakhulu, iMonochlom epheleleyo yomoya kaDiana Arbis noRichard Avenin, yambandela kwi-polaracolor ye-polaroid. Imifanekiso ye-Remmbrandt ye-Kosplandas, i-micques ifunyanwe ngumxholo ongathethekiyo kunye nemibala yenze inkosi eyahlukileyo. Wadala eyakhe i-niche, ngaphambi kwexesha lethu akukho mntu uphuphayo nokuba aqhubeke nayo.
Ubuninzi batyhila amathuba ombala kwifoto uyakwazi umntu ongumculi. Ulawulo lwemibala yi-Akin ukubhala umfanekiso, ukudlala isixhobo somculo, ukudala ukuphononongwa. Umbhali kufuneka akhokele umbala ukusuka ekuqaleni ukuya esiphelweni. Lindela iziphumo ezinokubakho, ukhetha uhlobo lwefilimu, ifoto yayo, usebenzisa iifilitha ze-lenzovy, ithathela ingqalelo kwiinguqu zemibala ekuqulunqweni nasekuprinta. Le yinkqubo yobugcisa entsokothileyo efuna unyamezelo, isibindi, ukulungela ukuba ungakhathali.
UMarie Kosplandas kumzobo ofundwayo bakhe kunye nokupeyinta kwiiklasi zangokuhlwa kwisikolo seMyuziyam yaseBoston. Emva kwemini, wayeqeqeshwa kwisikolo sanamhlanje. I-Kosplandas yayinomdla wokusebenza kunye nezicubu, wawuyisebenzile iileyile, kangangexesha elithile kukho umnxibelelanisi wombala kwinkampani efihliweyo ebonakalayo.
Ifoto yangena ebomini ngamathuba. UGrekung th Imvelaphi, waya kwiholide kubazali boomama. Imihlaba yendawo yayinomtsalane, uMarie wacinga ngokungami. Wayefuna ukukhusela ekhaya njengeefoto ezininzi kangangoko kunokwenzeka ukuba uzisebenzise xa ubeka imihlaba yokubhala. Sele kufika ukufika ukuba iinyawo zenziwe zazanelisa ngokupheleleyo. Ke kukho umnqweno wokufunda ifoto ngobuchule.
Abo babesazi uMarie bamchaza njengomfazi omncinci osoloko ethe cwaka kakhulu. Idatha yayo yangaphandle yadideka ngawo onke amakhadi, kuba umlinganiswa we-kospidas wayeyintsimbi, akunakwenzeka ukuba uyeke, udideke, akazange ayamkele ukusilela.
Ukwenza isigqibo sokuba ngumfoti kwiminyaka engama-36 ubudala, uMarie wanqwenela ukufunda kokona kulungileyo. Yena ngokwakhe wabhenela kwindibano yocweyo yendalo efumileyo yaseMelika e-Adaml Adam, kodwa wamkela. Emva koko uMarie wambiza ngokobuqu waza waqalisa isigqibo sokungamthathele uqeqesho, kodwa uAdams wayehlala ethandana. I-Kosndas yamchukumisa ngoonobumba, ixelele iifowuni de wanikezela kwaye wavumela ukuba avele eCalifornia kuqeqesho.
Imibala emincinci yokuziva i-monochrome yemifanekiso yefoto, i-Adams iqaphele ukuba iingoma ezizenziwe i-Kospdas zenziwe ngombala ikakhulu.
"Marie," wamxelela. -Yinto entle, kodwa unomdla. Awunakho ukugxininisa i-gamering emnyama nemhlophe eyahlukileyo kuyo. Ucinga ngombala.
I-encel Adams yamkhokelela kumsunguli welizwe lase-Edwina. Umhlaba wawujonge iifoto ezinokuvavanya i-batch yefilimu entsha yePolacolor. Phakathi kweefoto ezilishumi elinambini, i-kosypdas yaqala ukuzama, ukuba ne-stokhwe engenamda yezinto ezibonakalayo kule.
I-Koskas yenza njengoko inikwe. Ukungena kwintsimi engafakwanga, kuhlelwe isifundo sokwenyani esasithatha iminyaka emithathu. Waba nguvulindlela kwiifoto zobugcisa ezinamagcisa eMelika, kuba ngaphambi kombala kwifoto kwamkeleka kuphela ukudubula kwentengiso.
Yintoni kuphela engakhange afumane ifilimu. Uthathe imifanekiso kwisakhiwo esifudumeza ukuya kumagama angamashumi asithoba. Iprintwe kunye neefilitha zeScotch zeZithunzi ezifudumeleyo (uninzi lweorenji, lityheli, ezimfusa) ngaphezulu kweelensi. Ukonyusa ixesha lokuvezwa, ukususwa kwimifanekiso kwimvelaphi emnyama, phantse ngokuhlwa, ukufikelela kubunzulu beendwangu zeRembrandt. I-Kosndas ipeyintwe ngombala, wamnika iimpawu ezintsha, izithunzi. Uninzi lwazama ukumxelisa, kodwa kwakungekho mntu uza kufezekisa impembelelo enjalo.
Iiyure ezininzi zovavanyo zamnceda ukuba aqonde umlingo wefoto ye-polaroid, ukuxhomekeka kokuzilahlela kwiqondo lobushushu. Iphelile ukuba kwi-pillaroid efudumeleyo inika ukuphinda ube nombala wendalo, ngaphandle kweblowu.
"Ndifuna ukuyiqonda imfihlakalo yombala ngokwayo," kosplas utshilo kudliwanondlebe. Ngokwesiqhelo, ukufota ekupheleni kosuku, ngeli xesha i-rembrandt ithathe ikhethe lokupeyinta. Ke kumphezulu wombala uyabonakala kwizithunzi ezintle. Zintsonkothile kwaye zingaguquki njengamntu. Mhlawumbi kube nzima ngakumbi. I-Lorism, imfihlakalo yombala lutyikitya lwam.
Ukuntywiliselwa "kwisipili sememori" ivumela umfoti ukuba abonakalise ngokwakho. UMarie Kospdas wangena esipilini ngentloko yakhe. Ikhuphe zonke izinto zokuzonwabisa zabantwana bakhe, amanqatha, amaphupha kuyo.
Wazalelwa kwintsapho enkulu (uMarie wayenabantakwethu noodade abalithoba), wayehlala kwigumbi elixineneyo, eligcwele. Ekuchitheni intombazana kwakukho ikona nge-waker ye-windows encinci eyakhiwe. Waba nguNondyebo wobuncwane bakhe. Imini yonke uMarie wabeka iintsana zabo, oonodoli, izikhumbuzo. Inamashumi amane ancinane, watsala kwindawo efihliweyo kuyo yonke into efunyenweyo.
Sele, ukuba ngumfoti, kwi-baroque, kwi-Kitchev neKitchev, kumoya wokunyuka kwe-cemima kunye ne-caravaggio, i-kosprovaggio, i-kospridas ibuyela kumculi. Yenza umhlaba owenziwe kwi-dolls, iintyatyambo, iibhotile zeziqholo, ilaphu elilungisa imifuno, iibhloko, iifoto, imaski, imaski, i-ooles, i-oorge kwiGadi eyimfihlo yabalinganiswa. Umbukeli akakwazi kodwa uqikelela-baqokelelwa ngamathuba, okanye i-kaleidoscope yezinto - i-cipher ekufuneka isonjululwe. Wayengalithandi igama elithi "ndisekhona ubomi" ("ofileyo ngokwenyani"), ekholelwa ukuba kwingoma yayo, izinto zazihamba ngentshukumo.
Ukukhanya kwakhe akuthandayo yayikukukhanya kwemini enamafu ukusuka kwifestile esemantla. " Ngorhatya, ubushushu begumbi, izihluzo zemibala, zamnceda ukuba asuse imifanekiso eyahlukileyo, enzulu, encomekayo.
Kwinqaku elithi "Dandy" kunye "Makame Ozukileyo Worure", wasusa i-Yves Saint-Laurent, Andy Warhol, i-Tom Chanel, i-Ezru Chapli, i-Elz Skiaparelli, i-Peggy Guggenheim nabanye abaninzi.
Kwincwadi ethi "Marie Kosyprdas: Iifoto ezinombala" we-Tom uchazwe kwintshayelelo, njengoko kusenzeka ukudubula kwakhe:
-Ndivula ucango ndabona umfazi omncinci. Uphethe ibhegi yezemidlalo, phantse ubungakanani obufanayo njengaye. Ilele kuyo, apho kwakungekho zixhobo zokukhanyisa kwaphela. Usebenze kuphela ngokukhanya kwendalo. Emva kokundilinda, izwi lezolo licela ukutshintsha iimpahla kwisuti emhlophe, zinxibe i-tie ye-blue, i-sokisi enye umbala obomvu, faka i-harkechichi eluhlaza eplethi. Ukubuya kwam, andizange ndithethe nto. Kuphela kuphela i-tripod yakudala, kwaye ayingayikhamera yakudala eyakudala nayo (iKosplandas ayizange idubule i-polaroid, ukudubula igumbi le-linhof 4x5 ethengisiweyo). Wakhomba apho uza kuhlala phantsi kwaye i-SAMA yanyamalala phantsi kwebhedi yebhedi emnyama. Emva kwesakhelo ngasinye, wavela cwaka, ethe cwaka ethe cwaka kumphezulu weplate, evavanya iziphumo kwaye wanyamalala kwakhona. Khange ndibonise iifoto, khange ndithethe nto. Isuswe de ibinzana elithi "mr. omangalisayo" lanyamalala ebusweni kwaye ndayeka ukucinga malunga nento endiyifunayo.
Yves sairen-lairen gostdas isuse enganxibanga zihlangu, kwihempe eqaqambileyo, egqobhoza iifolda ezikhumbuza i-Carmeer's Canvas. Kwifoto, uAndy Warhol wamwisela umthetho ukuba asuse imfumba yenkunkuma, evale umnyango womlilo kwisitudiyo sakhe, wafaka umculi kwiCornice, ebuyela kwisinyithi sendalo.
Xa ungcelele bobabini belumkile, babangela umdla kakhulu kwi-curator yemyuziyam ye-Art Preen Projer Sharôvski. Ucebise i-Kopdas ye-slopdas ye-sloution ngokwenza umfazi wesihlanu kwimbali yemyuziyam, eyambona. Kumbhalo weendaba, uSharkovski wabhala: "Iifoto zakhe ziyinyani kwaye njengokungabonakali njengeebhabhathane." Izimemo kumboniso zathunyelwa kumakhadi aphezulu anemifanekiso yabucala ye-glossy yemibala ye-vase.
Ukuya kwi-80s Kozosndas yenye yeefoto ezidumileyo zaseMelika. Usebenze ekudubeni kweefilimu ze-fielt, kunye neempawu ezidumileyo. Ukutyiswa kwelanga kobuqaqawuli bayo ichaza ukukhula kokuthandwa kwefoto yoxwebhu. Wayengafuni ukuthintela ilizwe labo elinamagqabi, babefuna intsingiselo, bepeyinta izakhelo. Umfoti uqobo uthekele kakuhle malunga nexesha: "Iifoto zam azizange ziphume ngefashoni, zimile nje ukuba zibonakale."
Iphembelele kakhulu ubuchule bokuyilwa kunye neengxaki zeMarie ngomqolo. I-Koskas yenza imisebenzi elinzima, ayisakwazi ukuthwala izixhobo ezinzima zefoto kwaye ihlangabezana nayo.
UMarie Kosplandas wayephakathi kwazo iifoto ezimbalwa ezazikwazi ukusinda ekulonwabo komsebenzi. Ngo-2013, iminyaka emithathu ubudala, yabuya ngomboniso omkhulu kwimyuziyam ye-Amon Amon Carter, kunye ne-sodwas eyonwabisayo embindini we-boston. Ukusuka kwizandla ze-Tom Wolf Kosplandas kwafumana umvuzo wokufezekisa ubomi.
Ngo-93, uMarie Kospdas wafunda intetho kunye nesemina kwiYunivesithi yaseMassachusetts. Nangona wayesaluphala, wonwabile, egcwele amandla, edibana nabahlobo, echetyiwe kwiinkumbulo, enexhala. Oyena mntu usondeleyo wabantu abasondeleyo, abo basebenza nabo.
Kwiiveki ezimbini emva kokufunda, umfoti kancinci kancinci kancinci kancinci, ojika waba yinyumonia. Nge-25 kaMeyi, ngo-2017, kwabakho ukubuyela kwakhona, kwaye uMarie Kospidas akazange.
UMarie Nieres ukhumbula oku: "Wayengaqhelekanga, wayenoburharha. -Indlu yakhe eyonekeleyo yayizaliswe kukudideka. Ugcine yonke into enokubandakanywa kwifoto. Kwiiveki ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokugula, ndabuza: Kutheni ufuna i-foil eluhlaza, ukuba i-mint isongelayo. Uphendule wathi: "Mhlawumbi ngenye imini uza kuza ephethe." Kangangeminyaka emininzi yayinengxaki ngomqolo, ngenxa yokuba kwakunzima kuye ukuba ahambe, kodwa umakazi akazange alale. Yimfesane kangangokuba engazange akwazi ukubhala ukubhala iimemo, amabali amaninzi amnandi awahamba naye.
Imvelaphi ye-Kospdas igcinwe kwimeko entle, yazigcina ngononophelo. Abo baye babona izithsaba ezifihlakeleyo-ukuvelisa kwakhona, ukuveza, kuba isabelo sesikhulu singadluli ubuhle bokwenyani, ukonakaliswa yimibala, iifoto zayo kufuneka zibonwe ziphila.
Kule mihla, inxalenye yemifanekiso yeSprintas ibekwe ekuqokeleleni imyuziyam yobugcisa kaJ. Paul Ghetty (California, iLos Angeles).
Umbhali: I-Nna Moskalchuk
