I-Bismarck yathi iRoma ihlala iyeza imali yabo. Ngaba kunjalo?
Emva kweMfazwe yeThinte enkulu, ngokolu qikelelo, iJamani ibuyiselwe ngaphantsi kweepesenti ezintlanu zomonakalo obangelwe kuqoqosho lweSoviet Union.
Umonakalo
Ukonakala kwempahla ngqo ye-USSR, ngokoqikelelo lweKhomishini yeZabala-Kamo likaxakeka, yayikwimali elinganayo, i-128 yezigidi zeedola. Umonakalo oqhelekileyo - ezingama-357 bhiliyoni yeedola. Ukubonisa ukuba ingakanani ngokwaneleyo into yokuthetha ukuba ngo-1944 imveliso kazwelonke ye-United States (ngokwedatha esemthethweni yeSebe lezoRhwebo) yayingama-361.3 yezigidigidi.
Umonakalo wezinto ezibonakalayo (ngokweengxelo ze-CGC, eziboniswe kwinkqubo ye-Nuremberg) ifike malunga ne-30% yobutyebi belizwe le-USSR; Kwimimandla yeSoviet Union, eyayihlala kwi-67%. Uqoqosho lweSizwe lwalusemonakaliso kwiibhiliyoni ezingama-679 zeebhiliyoni (ngonyaka we-1941).
I-stalin yesisa
Imigaqo kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo yokulungiswa kweengcinga zaseJamani kunye nolwalamano lwayo lwaluchongwa kwi-YALTA nasePotsdam Drives ngo-1945. Imibhalo yeentetho ze-YALTA igcinwe. Ingabonwa ukuba inkokeli yaseSoviet ibonise ukuba nesisa esingazange sabeki ngaphambili. Ucebise ukuba amisele iJamani inani lilonke lemigangatho engama-20 eedola, isiqingatha sale mali yayikukufumana iSoviet Union njengeyona nto ichaphazelekayo yimfazwe. Churchill kunye Roosevelt kunye isindululo kaStalin ndandithingaza ezincinane wavuma ukuba akukho nto - billion 10 dollar imali elisondeleyo USSR USSR for Land Liza.
Ngoncedo lwezo zinto, i-8% kuphela yomonakalo othe ngqo evela emfazweni unokugutyungelwa, i-2.7% yexabiso elipheleleyo lomonakalo. Kutheni isiqingatha? Kutheni uStolin eYalta wathi "ngokokusasaza"? Isibakala sokuba uthathe ukwahlula "hayi ukusuka kwisilingi" uqinisekisiwe ukubala. I-West South Aprist B. Ukhengeka kunye noqoqosho lwaseFransi A. UClade waqhuba umsebenzi omkhulu, wenza uvavanyo lweendleko zohlahlo-lwabiwo mali lweMfazwe yesibini yeMfazwe yesibini yeMfazwe yeHlabathi.
Ngokutsho kubo, inkcitho yohlahlo-lwabiwo mali lomkhosi kunye nomonakalo woqoqosho ngqo kwi-curls ezinkulu ngexesha leMfazwe yesibini yeHlabathi yeyoku (ngo-1938 amaxabiso) 968.3 bhiliyoni yeedola. Kwinani lilonke leendleko zomkhosi zohlahlo-lwabiwo mali, abathathi-nxaxheba abayi-7 abaphambili kwimfazwe kwi-USSR ibalwa i-30%. Kwinani lilonke lomonakalo ongqalileyo kuqoqosho lwamazwe amahlanu aphambili kwi-USSR ibalwa i-57%. Kwisixa esipheleleyo selahleko yonke yelahleko yamazwe amane, iSoviet Union yayine-50%.
Iindebe ezisisiseko
Kwiminyaka yoo-1990s, iSayensi yaseRussia uBorishevsky kunye neMikhail Seminaagagie epapashiweyo yolawulo lwe-trophy. Ngokutsho kwabo, malunga namawaka ama-400 amawaka eemoto zasiwa kwiSoviet Union (apho amawaka angama-72 amawaka ezilwanyana, amawaka angama-285, amawaka angama-365 amawaka eentloko zamanye amawaka eentloko zemfuyo, 2 , Izigidi ezi-3 zeenkozo, isigidi seetapile zeetapile kunye nemifuno, isiqingatha seetoni ezisisigidi kunye neswekile, iilitha ezingama-20 zeetoni zecuba, iitoni ezili-16 zecuba.
Ngokutsho kombhali-mbali uMikhail Seminagi, ngonyaka omnye emva koMatshi ngo-1945, olona nyango luphezulu lweSoviet Union luthathe izigqibo eziliwaka ezinxulumene ne-Germady, e-Austria, iHungary namanye amazwe aseYurophu. Kwakhona iifektri eziliwaka zathunyelwa kwi-USSR evela eManchuria naseKorea. Nangona kunjalo, yonke le nto ayilofani nenani lezityalo ezitshabalalisayo ngexesha lemfazwe.
Inani le-USSR egqwethekileyo yamashishini aseJamani afikelela ngaphantsi kwe-14% yenombolo yemfazwe yangaphambi kwemveliso. NgokukaNikolai Volznensky, ngusihlalo we-USSR ye-USSR, ukubonelela ngezixhobo zetropu ezivela eJamani kuphela i-0.6% yomonakalo othe ngqo we-USSR wagutyungelwa.
Iinkampani ezidibeneyo zeSoviet
Isixhobo esisebenzayo sokubuyisa iintlawulo kwiSoviet Union yenziwa kwintsimi ye-East yasempuma yeSoviet kunye neenkampani ezidibeneyo. La yayingamahlakani adibeneyo, entlokweni eyayihlala yayingumlawuli oqhelekileyo ovela kwi-USSR. Oku kuyingenelo ngenxa yezi zizathu zibini: Okokuqala, i-SAO yenza ukuba ikwazi ukuguqulela imali ngexesha elifanelekileyo, kwaye okwesibini, i-SAO ibonelele ngengxaki yengqesho e-Engmpung.
Ngokutsho koqikelelo lwe-mikhail seminagi, ngo-1950, isabelo seenkampani ezidibeneyo zeSoviet kwimveliso yemveliso ye-democratic yayingumndilili we-22%. Kwezinye iindawo, ezinjenge-elektroni, ishishini lekhemikhali kunye namandla, esi sabelo siphezulu nangaphezulu.
Iifowuni ze-Reichskiylery e-USSR
Ukusuka eJamani ukuya kwiSoviet Union, izixhobo, kubandakanya nobunzima, yayiqhutywa ziimoto, e-USSR ikwahambisa iileyini ze-berlin metro. Iiteleskopu zithathwe kwi-AstronomInis evaliweyo yeDyunivesithi yaseHumboldt. Isixhobo esihluthwe saxhotyiswa ngemicimbi yaseSoviet, enjenge-Krassodar Tatives, ixhotywe ngokupheleleyo ngezixhobo zaseJamani. Kwindawo ye-kemerovo kwishishini, i-coao nitrogen kwaye namhlanje Sebenza ngo-1947 iingcingo ze-trmpy zenkampani ye-Schwarzff.
KwiSikhululo seMithombo yeMoscow (amagumbi aqala '222 "" isikhululo sasebenza kwiKomiti yeCPU ephakathi) de kuphele izixhobo ze-1980 zefowuni yokufumana iReachkyory. Nditsho nezixhobo ezikhethekileyo ze-wireting, ezisetyenziswa emva kweMfazwe ye-Igb kunye neKGB yayiyimveliso yaseJamani.
Igolide
Uninzi lwabaphengululi baqonda ukuba kwicandelo lobugcisa, eyona nto ibaluleke kakhulu yeSoviet yaba yi "Roud" okanye "iTroy" yeGolide "(" izinto ezingama-9 ezifumaneka nguHeinrich Sholodan kwimitha yeTroy). Ubutyebi baseTrojan bafihlwe ngamaJamani kwenye yeendlela zokhuselo lomoya kwintsimi yeBerlin Zoo. Ngeengxaki zayo azinabulungisa. Unjingalwazi waseJamani uWilhelm unfezagt wanikezela ngobuncwane bukaPriya kunye neminye imisebenzi yobugcisa bamandulo yomphathi waseSoviet.
NgoJulayi 12, 1945, iqokelelo yonke ifike eMoscow. Inxalenye yemiboniso eshiyekileyo kwikomkhulu, kwaye enye yatshintshelwa kwiHermitage. Ixesha elide, indawo yegolide yeTrojansky yayingaziwa, kodwa ngo-1996 iMyuziyam yaseCungkin yenza ukuba kuboniswe lobutyebi obunqabileyo. "Ubuncwane be-priyama" iJamani ayibuyi kude. Nangona kunjalo, iRussia ayinamalungelo amancinci kuye, kuba uSCCHliman watshata nentombi yomthengisi we-Mscow yayiziifundo zaseRussia.
Iingxoxo
KwiSoviet Union, umxholo wokulungiswa kweJamani wawuvalwa ngo-1953, xa uMoscow wala izinto zokulungisa izinto ezivela kwiRiphacketic Republic, eza kuhlawula amaxabiso e-Cwea. NgoJanuwari 1, 1954, isivumelwano esidibeneyo se-USSR kunye nePoland yokuphelisa ukuqokelelwa kweenkqubo ezivela kwi-USSR. Nangona kunjalo, esi sihloko siseyingxoxo. Kwaye ayisiyi kuphela i-suma yomhlaba wedugas, kodwa i-Western Sciests ithetha ngokungekho sikweni kwembali.
Ngokutsho kukaNjingalwazi waseMelika uSutton (incwadi uSutton A. Itekhnoloji yaseNtshona) yokulungiswa kweJamani kunye no-Allies bavumela kuphela i-pesenti ye-USSR ekwimo ye-USSR kwindawo ye-USSR kwindawo yemizi-mveliso. Izinto zokubala zenziwa yi-American "I-Bureau yeeNkonzo zeQhinga" ngoAgasti 1944 yabonisa idijithali ye-USSR ye-USSR nge- $ 105.2 yezigidigidi (ngokwezigidi ezingama-25) ngaphezulu kwe-USSR ngenyameko ifunyenwe ngesiseko semfazwe.
Ngokubhekisele kuhlaselo lwe-Reich yesithathu, iFinland yayililizwe kuphela elalihlawula ngokupheleleyo ukulungiswa kwe-USSR kwinani le- $ 226,5 yezigidi.