Phesheya
Uninzi lwezixeko zezolimo e-US, iRussia, iCanada kunye namanye amazwe zikhulile zisebenzisa izichumisi zemineral. Inxalenye ebalulekileyo yazo kukuchuma kwe-nitrogen. Ngaphandle kwazo, isivuno se-calff sezolimo ezininzi ihla nge-30, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha 50%. Kodwa iyakhula ngakumbi, isiphumo sokusebenzisa izichumisi sithelekiswa nefuthe elibi kwindalo. Umzekelo, kuqikelelwa ukuba ukuveliswa konyaka kwezichumisi zeNitrogen kuphela eUnited States kuhamba kunye nee-edussions ezilinganayo nee-Gases ezizigidi ezibini. Ukukhutshelwa okuyingozi kwinkqubo yemveliso ayisiyiyo yonke imiphumo emibi.Ukusetyenziswa okucwangcisiweyo kunye nokusetyenziswa okukhulu kwezichumisi ze-nitrogen kwizityalo zezolimo kukhokelela ekuphulukaneni nokujikeleza kwezondlo kwindalo esingqongileyo. Kwaye oku sele kubonakale kwimimandla yefama enkulu.
Kwiminyaka yokuqala "ye-Boom yezichumisi", iinkqubo ze-microbiological Ezantsi komhlaba azikhawuleziwe, imveliso yezityalo inyuswe. Kodwa uhlalutyo lwe-arrochemical lomhlaba lubonise ukuba ukuqiniswa kokuqala kweenkqubo zebhayoloji kutshintshe ngokukhawuleza ekutshatyalalisweni kwento yezinto eziphilayo yomhlaba. Izichumisi zeNitrogen zaphulukana nokusebenza kwabo, kuba i-amil kunye ne-ammonia yeendlela zokuchumisa zajika zaba zii-niite ezilandelwa kukuhlamba amanzi aphantsi komhlaba nakwimilambo. Ukongeza kwilahleko yokuveliswa kwe-nitrogen, ukukhutshwa okuyingozi, ezinye iimpawu eziyingozi zibonakaliswe: umhlaba onakaliswe umhlaba we-microbiota. Kwimeko enjalo, inani elikhulu nangamazichumichiza lenza ingqondo-iindleko ziyakhula, kwaye isivuno sezityalo sincipha.
Kuyacaca ukuba ezinye iindlela zesondlo sesondlo siyadingeka. Khangela, intshayelelo kunye nentengiso zezisombululo ezinjalo ziya kumiselwa nge-Agribusiness Egribusiness.
Iintsholongwane eziluncedo
Izityalo azikwazi ukufumana i-nitrogen emoyeni. Kodwa oku kuyakwazi ngokugqibeleleyo ukwenza i-microbes - endophytes. Ngaba kunokwenzeka ukuba "ufundise" amaziko ezolimo azivelise i-nitrogen usebenzisa i-microorganisms?
Unjingalwazi uSharon Doti, i-microbiogist ivela kwiDyunivesithi yaseWashington ithi indalo sele isombulule le ngxaki. USharon waqalisa ukufunda ii-willows kunye ne-poplar - imithi eyakhula ecaleni kweendawo zemilambo kwimilambo, i-nitrogen engalunganga. Xa u-DTA wahlola imithi ye-DNA Endindophyte kwilebhu - imfuza ibonise ukuba iintsholongwane zilungisa initrogen. Izazinzulu zazibuza: Ngaba kunokwenzeka ukuba usebenzise i-tendophytes yezolimo? Abaphandi bathabatha izithole zezityalo kwaye banamaza kwigumbi lokuhlambela kwi-teophytes ezivela kwii-poophytes ezivela kwii-poophytes ezivela kwii-poophytes ezivela kwii-poophytes ezivela kwii-poophytes ezivela kwii-poophytes ezivela kwii-poophytes ezivela kwi-polos, emva koko baqwalasele ukuphuculwa kweembewu.
Izityalo ezine-tendophytes zazinengcambu enkulu kunye namagqabi. Kwaye ezinye iintlobo zetamatisi kunye nepepile yaseBulgaria ziphantse zaziphindaphinda kabini inani leziqhamo abazivelisayo. Iqela leSharon Doti likholelwa ukuba isifundo se-tendophytes kwizicubu zangaphakathi zepoples ikwathembisa ukwenza amachiza e-Microfial enciphisa amabala angcolisekileyo i-toulti kunye nentsimbi enzima.
Nangona iziphumo zithembisa, abaphandi baseMelika bayaziqonda ukuba impumelelo kwilabhoratri ayisoloko iqinisekiswa kwicandelo. Ukongeza, kuyimfuneko ukumisela ukuveliswa kwemizi-mveliso ye-microorganisms ukuze bangabizi. Ezinye iinzame zokuphuhlisa iintsholongwane eziluncedo kwezolimo ziye zaphumelela ngenxa yeendleko eziphezulu zemveliso.
Iicolonizers eziluncedo
Ekupheleni konyaka ophelileyo, iinkampani ezimbini ezininzi zaseMelika zazisa ukuqala kwentsebenziswano ekudalweni kweemveliso ezintsha zentsholongwane. Inkampani kaMosaic kunye ne-bioconsortia, Inc. Intsebenziswano yaqala kuphuhliso kunye nokuveliswa kweemveliso ze-nitrogen-ukulungisa iimveliso ze-nitrogen-ukulungisa ingqolowa, ingqolowa kunye nezinye iinkcubeko ezinkulu ezimanzi. Ngokukhutshwa ngokusemthethweni, abameli benkampani bathi:"Siyakholelwa ukuba amava abo aqokelelweyo kunye nokufikelela kwimakethi kwicandelo lesichumisi kunye nesondlo sesondlo indlela efanelekileyo yokungena kwintengiso yeemveliso ze-nitrogenial. Intsholongwane yethu iya kusebenza kwaye ikwandise ishishini elimiselweyo lemveliso yezakha-mzimba kwiminqweno ye-mosaic kwiminqweno yabavelisi bayo yonke iMelika.
I-endophytic ye-tendophytic apho abaphandi basebenza khona bayakwazi ukulungisa izicubu zangaphakathi zesityalo, ngaphandle kokubangela izifo zayo kwaye azinampembelelo zimbi kuphuhliso. Okubangela umdla kukuba, i-bacterial andedophytes colonimes i-facces efanayo ye-phytopganiki, ngenxa yoko banokuthathwa njengendlela enokubakho ye-biocontrol phytonthethogen.
UMosaic noBioconsortia banenjongo yokwenza iimveliso zentsholongwane ukuze zisetyenziswe emhlabeni kunye nokuqhubela phambili imbewu. Imveliso entsha inokusetyenziswa ngokwahlukeneyo okanye ngokudibeneyo neekhemikhali zesiko kunye nezichumisi. I-bioconsortia abaphandi banenjongo yokuba "bazise imeko" yokwenza intsholongwane ye-supteria esebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bokuphucula imingxunya kunye nokuhlela iintlobo zemfuza. I-bioconsortia ifumene inkqubo yokhetho oluphambili lwe-ropatial (i-AMS), uhlolo lwezinto ezibonakalayo, itekhnoloji yobutyebi, kunye nengqokelela ekhoyo ye-nitrogen yokulungisa intsholongwane. Kwisikhokelo seSivumelwano sikaMoses, uMosaic uya kufumana amalungelo okuphela kwetekhnoloji ye-nitrojeni yeenkcubeko ezikhulu zemihla ngemihla emantla nasezantsi kwePhondo laseMelika. I-bioconsortia iyakugcina onke amalungelo oTekhnoloji yeziqhamo, imifuno, i-Lawns kunye neenkcubeko zokuhombisa kwaye zonke iintlobo zokusetyenziswa ngaphandle kweMelika.
Ukugcina, ukuthembana, ubuntu
Ngaphandle komdla osebenzayo wabavelisi abaninzi abachumileyo kunye ne-agrochemicals kwiimveliso zentsholongwane, lilindele ukuba baya kukhululeka ukuba zizichumisi eziqhelekileyo kwixesha elizayo, azikufanelekanga. Abavelisi beemveliso ezincinci zentsholongwane ziya kufuneka zisombulule ezinye iingxaki ezibalulekileyo. Omnye wabo kukuzithemba kwabavelisi bezolimo kwitekhnoloji entsha. Umzekelo, ukufuya i-biogra bio-ye-bio-ethatyathwayo kwimigca eliqela ye-Microorganisms eluncedo yayisebenza erayisi ekhulayo. Kodwa amafama akazange athembe. Ngenxa yoko, ngaphezulu kwesiqingatha seenkampani ezivelisa i-biogro ayisebenzi kule shishini kwaye iminyaka emibini.
Ingxaki yesibini yimeko yokugcina i-bioprides. Amafama akhetha ukuthenga imbewu ehluphekileyo. Bahlala befanelekile ukuba basebenzise nokuba zigcinwe kwiinyanga ezininzi okanye iminyaka. I-biofiveloctions ye-biofives ifuna ngakumbi kwiimeko zogcino kwaye ayikaze igcine iimpawu zazo ixesha elide.
Enye ingxaki yayiyeyona "yenziwa ngobuchule". Ngokungafaniyo nezichumisi zemveli ezinokusetyenziselwa naluphi na uhlobo lwezityalo naphi na ehlabathini, i-ethehlophys ayisosisombululo sendalo. Ukongeza, kuyimfuneko ukuze uhlengahlengise iintsholongwane kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo zemozulu kunye nezendalo. Abadali beemveliso ezintsha bayaqonda ukuba isiphumo esifanelekileyo sixhomekeke kuhlobo lwezolimo, ezinje ngomhlaba nemozulu. Ukuba enye yeemeko ayihambelani - isisombululo asiyi kusebenza. Ubukho besibulala-mbi okanye ezinye ii-microorganisms emhlabeni nazo zinokuchaphazela kakubi impumelelo ye-nitrogen.
Ngamanye amagama, kusekumsebenzi omninzi, ngaphambi kokuba kuphinde ucofe izichumisi zemveli. Kodwa, ukugweba ngale meko, yinto nje yexesha.
I-LALISA YUZHANAVA
Ukulungiselela inqaku, iNkcazo ye-NPR.org isetyenzisiwe, i-Agrisoiness Globaines, umlimi wale mihla.