Imbali ende, iimfazwe ezininzi kunye nokothuka zawa kwisabelo samahlango, abantu baseCuba babekwazi ukwenza isidima nekratshi. Ngenxa yokuqina kunye nesibindi, ilizwe lamaCita laqalisa ukubiza isiqithi senkululeko. I-Cuba yeyona ndawo ingaqhelekanga yomhlaba. Yonke into ihlukile apha kunakwihlabathi liphela.
Abantu besiqithi ngokwabo banjengezizwe ezahlukeneyo, izizwe ezininzi, ezifikelela kwindawo yobuhlanga bohlanga olutsha. Namhlanje, ukukhula kwabemi kujongwa eCuba. Ukuthelekisa - kwiinkulungwane ezimbini ezidlulileyo, inani leeCuba lalizizigidi ezili-1, kwaye namhlanje lidlula inani lezigidi ezili-11. Zithini ii-cuba ezingaqhelekanga nezibonisayo? Ingaba ithini imbali yabo?
Imbali yeCuba
Ekuqaleni, iCuba ichithiwe izizwe zamaIndiya kwiQela le-Aravak kunye nezizwe ezininzi zifika ngeHaiti. Nangona kunjalo, ngokufika kwamaSpanish, imeko itshintsha kakhulu. Abemi bomthonyama batyhalelwa kwimimandla ekude yesiqithi. Uninzi lwabameli bemibutho yaseIndiya basweleka kwiimfazwe ezingapheliyo nabaqeshi bakaYurophu. Ayikho ixhoba elingaphantsi lezisa izifo ezosulelayo.
Ngenxa yenani elincitshisiweyo le-Aboriginal, iispaniards eziyimfuneko ukuzisa amakhoboka amnyama. Izizwe zaseAfrika zazizisa inkcubeko yazo kwiinkolelo nakwi-EPs. Ke, umzekelo, inkolo yeYoruba yabonakala eCuba, eyakhe ithathelwa ingqalelo ukuba yiigeria. Ubukhulu becala, ilizwe lasenziwa liqela elixubeneyo lohlanga (iMetisana, i-mulats), kunye nokuphawula (umthonyama wesiqithi).
Ekupheleni kwe-XVIII Ikhulu, abahlali abatsha bafika eCuba. Ngoku le sele isele iFrentshi, amaTaliyane, amaIndiya aseMexico. Inkangeleko yawo yayichaphazeleke ngokuqaqambileyo yinkcubeko yendawo, yaguqulela yaba ngumxube ongenamandla we-pists engaqhelekanga yezithethe ezahlukeneyo-ukusuka e-Afrika eYurophu naseIndiya.
Ngo-1898, iCuba iphuma phantsi kwamandla eSpain. IiCuba ziphuhlisa ukukhuliswa kwe-cane yeswekile kunye nentengiso yeswekile. Amashishini aliqela ayakhiwa, abonakaliswa ngokufanelekileyo kwimo yezoqoqosho kwesiqithi. Kweso siqithi, sifumene inkululeko, isakhiwo sikawonke-wonke siqala ukusekwa, abasebenzi kunye nabameli be -2lligigia bavela.
Ulwimi lweCuba kunye neenkolelo
Namhlanje, uninzi lwazo luthetha ulwimi lwabo, olu luphawu lwe-Cuba lwe-Cuba lwe-Cuba. ISpanish iSpanish iye yaba lulwimi lwaseburhulumenteni eCuba. Kwangelo xesha, uneminyaka elininzi enomahluko onama-cuban nusa. Umzekelo, rhoqo ekuthetheni kwamantshontsho apho kukho amagama avela kwimvelaphi yase-Afrika okanye amagama amaIndiya, kwaye ke, amaSpanish akasoloko eyiqonda.
Uninzi lwama-cunic ngamaKristu. Isilumkiso samaKatolika sasasazeka kwesi siqithi ngexesha leSpanish. Kwangelo xesha, namhlanje ungadibana nabantu abavumayo ezinye iindlela zonqulo. Umzekelo, inani leentsapho zabafuduki elivela eAfrika zigcina iinkolelo namasiko amandulo.
USanteria waba yinto eqhelekileyo eCuba-uhlobo olukhethekileyo lwenkolo, elaphambi kokudityaniswa kweenkolelo zaseAfrika kunye nobuKatolika. Yintoni enomdla, nakwexesha lethu, ayingabo bonke abaqeshwa base-Idayibheli koku (nangona kungekho mntu ugwebayo).
Isizathu soku yayilinkulungwane-intshutshiso endala yeSpainlus, ekwakunyanzelwa amakhoboka aseAfrika ukuba athathe ubuKristu. Abathinjwa ababuyisayo banyanzelwa ukuba babonise ukuthobeka, kodwa babengayifuni ukwala izimvo zabo.
Abaxhasi belanga bakholelwa ukuba yonke into esemhlabeni yadalwa nguThixo, kodwa wathobela izithixo kunye nemimoya ye "nqanaba lesibini". Balawulwa ngaphezulu kwendalo yendalo nabantu, kwaye ke bafuna ukuhlonitshwa kwabo bangahloniphi bona. Uninzi lwamasiko anelanga, ilanga lithetha ukholo kwiziko lomlingo, unxibelelwano nemimoya kunye namadini.
Bajonge ntoni abahlali baseCuba?
Njengoko iPlaitic ibonisa, ipesenti yegazi laseIndiya kwiiCuba zale mihla zincinci kakhulu. Ukususela kwiinkulungwane ezininzi eCuba apho kwakukuxuba rhoqo izizwe, abaBebhu baba ngabantu, abaneentlobo ezininzi zangaphandle (kuxhomekeka kuhlanga oluphakathi kookhokho).
Ezi ntlobo zilandelayo zabantu baseCuba zithathelwa ingqalelo iindidi eziphambili:
- IAfrika. Aba bantu babhengezwe ngokuqaqambileyo kwe-neoto. Bahlulahlulwe luhlobo lolusu olumnyama, impumlo eyandisiweyo, iinwele ezijikayo.
- Mhlophe. Le yinzala yabemi baseSpain okanye abantu baseYurophu, abangabuyeli kwisiqithi senkululeko.
- Mulatto. Yenza umxube wenani labemi base-Afrika kunye neYurophu. Inokuba ngabantu abanolusu abakhululekileyo ngeenwele ezijikajika.
- I-Metisi. Bangabazukulwana bamaIndiya naseYurophu. Eyahlukileyo ngolusu olumnyama kunye neempawu ezintle zobuso.
Indawo yokuhlala
Ngaphandle kwento yokuba ii-cuban ezikhoyo azifani nookhokho babo beIndiya, indawo yezindlu ihlala inguHut amaIndiya, apho abantu bomthonyama besiqithi sele bephila. Iphezulu yophahla lugqunywe ngamagqabi amakhulu esundu.
Iifestile ezinjalo kwindlu azibonelelwanga, kuba eyona njongo ye-Hut kukugubungela abemi bawo kwimvula enkulu. Uninzi lwexesha lakhe kunye nokupheka amacwethu zibandakanyeka esitratweni kufutshane nendlu.
Ii-cubas eziqaqambileyo kuzo zonke iinkalo. Iingubo zabo zemveli zemveli, umxube wenkcubeko, incasa ekhethekileyo, enokwenziwa kuphela kwisiqithi esingaqhelekanga, sabenza luhlanga olwahlukileyo. Ukutyhubela ubunzima kunye nokuhluthwa, iiChrick azizange ziphulukane negiya kunye nohlobo lookhokho babo. Abakhenkethi abaninzi kunye nakwi-Leadays Qaphela ukuba iCuba ingummangaliso omangalisayo wenkululeko.