Okokuqala, ukugqobhoza kwenguqu ukuya kwi-Martian Arbit nge-stortory tratoctory eyenza ithemba le-Arabic Probe ("UNdezhda" ngesiArabhu, Al-Amal). Inkqubo ithathele ingqalelo imizuzu engama-27, kwaye kugqityiwe, isixhobo sasiphantsi kwempembelelo enkulu ye-Mars. Iya kususa iinyanga ezimbini ezilandelayo kwi-Elliptic Orbit enobude obungama-20 ukuya kwengamawaka amawaka eekhilomitha ngaphezulu komphezulu weplanethi. Ngoku ithemba likwi-orbit engaphezulu kakhulu-ubude bayo ziikhilomitha eziliwaka kuphela, kwaye eyona ndawo ikude ingaphezulu kwamawaka amawaka eekhilomitha ezingama-49 ukusuka kwi-Mars.
Kwibhodi ebhodini-izixhobo ezintathu zesayensi ukuba zifunde ubume bemozulu ye-martian. Nje ukuba eyona nkqubo iphambili ye-mida iqala, kwiintsuku ezisithoba kuzo iProbe iya kususa ngokupheleleyo iplanethi ebomvu kwi-Em Asctra (ebonakalayo, i-ultraviolet). Oku akuyi kufunda kuphela ngokweenkcukacha iimpawu zokwenziwa kweqokobhe le-mars, kodwa nokulandela umkhondo utshintsho lwayo.
Ithemba lethemba lenziwe kwintsebenziswano esondeleyo yeenjineli kunye nezazinzulu kwi-UAE kunye neengcali zaseMelika kwi-mishini. Indibano yesixhobo yayisenziwa elebhu ye-Inmospics kunye neFiziksi yeSpassi (LACS) yeDyunivesithi yaseColorado eBoulder. Yintoni enomdla, ngo-19 kaJulayi kunyaka ophelileyo, basungula "ithemba" ukuya kwisithuba esivela eJapan kwi-Hi-IIA Roocket.
Isivuno se-spacecraft yokuqala yesizwe kwi-orbit ye-Mars yagutyungelwa ngokubanzi kwi-UAE. Kuwo wonke umphezulu we-skyscraper ye-skyscreper "I-Buj-Khalifa" yaqinisekiswa yi-Countdown ebomvu eqaqambileyo de kuqale i-raneuver. Isikrini esifanayo saboniswa imeko ye-Probe ngexesha lokubhabha (ukulibaziseka kwemizuzu eli-11, ngokucacileyo). Kwakhona, i-Space.com Portal ibhala, kwisibhakabhaka sasemini ngaphezulu kwemifanekiso yentlango ye-mars yendalo ye-mars-phembo kunye neeDemos kunye neeDembos zavela.
I-China ikwisibini
Ngaphantsi kosuku, umphathi ofanayo wenza umsebenzi "tianwean-1" (iTigwin-1). Inamacandelo amathathu - iqonga lokufika, i-marshode kunye nemodyuli ye-orbital, ekwasebenza njengemfumba. Ukukhutshwa kwezixhobo ezinjalo, sinokuthetha ngamabhongo amaninzi kakhulu e-china malunga ne-Mars. Ubuncinci, i-Arhente yeSithuba yoBukumkani esiphakathi iya kwenza imisebenzi emithathu yokuphuhlisa ukuba yeyiphi eminye imizamo eshiyekileyo kwiinzame ezininzi: Ukuphuma kwi-orbit (sele iphumeleleyo), i-rover ethambileyo kwaye iphinde iphinde ifumane i-rover.
Kuba ukwakhiwa kwemishini kuyahluka, izixhobo zabo zobugcisa ziya kwahluka. Iminyaka emithathu enzima (malunga neetoni ezintlanu) "iTiyowean-1" yathatha imizuzu eli-15 yomsebenzi enamandla ngakumbi kunethemba, injini icothise kwaye ifakwe kumda wobundile. Isiphumo yayiyi-orbit eyahlukileyo eyahlukileyo - i-400x180000 yeekhilomitha enexesha leentsuku ezili-10. Iinyanga ezizayo, iProbe yaseTshayina iya kuhla kwaye icofe umphezulu weplanethi.
Owona mde uphakamileyo apho i-mission isebenza khona ziikhilomitha ezingama-265 kuphela. Ekupheleni kwentwasahlobo, iingcali ezivela kwiziko lolawulo ziya kuthatha ingalo yokuhlisa kwaye zithumele umyalezo wokwahlulahlula kumatshini. Kucwangcisiwe ukuba imodyuli ye-orbital izakuhlala iminyaka emibini, kwaye i-rover iya kusebenza i-90 ebusuku (iintsuku martia). Kukho izixhobo ezili-13 zesayensi kwizixhobo, eziya kuthi zisixhenxe ziya kuhlala zisendaweni, kwaye isithandathu siya kukhwela kwiplanethi ebomvu.
I-China ayizami kuqala ukufikelela kwi-Mars: Inzame yangaphambili iphele ngokusilela ekuqaleni kwendiza emva ngo-2011. Isixhobo esincinci "Iinsho-1" (i-yinghuo-1) yayifanele ukuya kwi-passod yokudlulisela kwi-Russian "phobos-Gubos". Kodwa ngenxa yokusilela kwebhloko ekhawulezayo, imodyuli yokutya engazange ishiye i-ofisi yomhlaba. Le projekthi ilandelayo yokufunda i-Red Planet Planet Iingcali ze-China zimiliselwe ngokupheleleyo ngokwazo, ezingakhange zibalwe naluphi na uncedo.
Umthombo: Inzululwazi yezeSwaziya