Yiza elona xesha lomlingo xa indlu nganye iba yinto encinci kwintsomi. Kunzima kuthi ukuba siyicingele unyaka omtsha neKrisimesi ngaphandle komthi onyanisekileyo, kodwa yayingasoloko injalo. Ngubani owaphawula ukuqala kwesiko ukuba ahombise ubuhle obuluhlaza? Kude kube ngoku, ayaziwa, kukho kuphela iinguqulelo ezimbalwa.
Ngokweyona nto ixhaphakileyo, okokuqala wahombisa umthi weKrisimesi uMartin Luther - umqalisi wokuhamba koHlaziyo kunye noMsunguli wesebe lamaProtestanti. NgeKrisimesi i-1513, uMcinga waseJamani ubuyela ekhaya, encoma ukuwa kweenkwenkwezi kunye nokucingisisa kwabo kwimithi enekhephu. Wazisa umthi omncinci, wasibeka embindini wetafile, amasebe ahonjiswe ngamakhandlela, kunye nenkanyezi yenkanyezi.
Nangona kunjalo, imiceli mngeni yakhe yobuhlanga abahlali baseLatvia. Kwi-rigaa elugcinweyo kukho amaxwebhu abonisa umthi wokuqala weKrisimesi kwihlabathi elinxibe kwikomkhulu leLatvia ngo-1510.
I-Estonia yangena kwimpikiswano namaLatvies, echaza ukuba imithi yeKrisimesi yayinxibe e-Estonia emva kwe-1441. Ngo-2011, kwaqhekeka isibetho phakathi kwamazwe, abizwa ngokuba yiMfazwe yeKrisimesi. Abaphandi base-Estonia bathi eTallinn, umthi weKrisimesi wafakwa ngeminyaka engama-400 ngaphambi kweRiga, oko kukuthi, ngaphambi kokukhankanywa kwesiXeko ngokwayo. USodolophu waseRiga uthathe inxaxheba kwimbambano.
Kuyaziwa ukuba kwi-XVI yenkulungwane yeYurophu kumda weKrisimesi etafileni yayingumthi omncinci, ihonjiswe nge-Apple encinci, iiplom, iperile kunye namandongomane.
Kwisiqingatha sesibini senkulungwane yesibini ye-Xvisi, imithi yenkolo yavela kumakhaya aseJamani kunye naseSwitzerland, ebonakala ngathi yinto yokudlala. Imithi yeKrisimesi ihonjiswe ngamaapile kunye neelekese, zinqunyanyisiwe kwisilingi. Emva kwexesha, umthi omkhulu weza kutshintsha, wabekwa kwelona gumbi likhulu.
ERussia, isiko lokusebenzisa imithi ehlanganisiweyo ukuhombisa kwiKrisimesi izamile ukubethelela uPetros kuqala. Ngokutsho koMmiselo kaDisemba wama-20, 1699, ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, kwakumiselwe ukukhokelwa kukudalwa kwehlabathi, kodwa kuvela ekuvenisweni kwelizwe, kude kuqaphele i-Esvotia, kude kube lelo xesha waphawula nge-Russia ngoSeptemba ngoSeptemba ngoSeptemba 1, "Ukulandela umzekelo wabo bonke abantu abangamaKristu" ukubhiyozela ngoJanuwari 1.
Ummiselo omiselweyo:
Ukuhombisa izindlu ze-moscow kunye namasebe epine kunye namasebe, kwaye wonke umntu kwafuneka abhiyozele yonke le nto kunye nabathandekayo, ukuqalisa imipu kwisibhakabhaka sasebusuku.Kodwa yayingabi kangako kumthi weKrisimesi wemveli, kuba izitrato zihonjiswe ngemithi namasebe, hayi ekhaya, kwaye imithi eyahlukeneyo yayisetyenziselwa ukuhonjiswa. Emva kokubhubha kukaPeter, kwalibaleka ngesi siko leKrisimesi, kuphela amaziko alishumi elinesixhenxe ekungeneni, abotshelelwe emasebeni e-fir okanye kwi-cola yocingo. Intengiso yangaphandle engaphandle.
Ebantwini, iivenkile zokutyela zaqala ukubiza "imithi yeKrisimesi." Olu lwimi lutshiwo lubuyiselwe ngamaplanga: "Hambani phantsi komthi weKrisimesi", "umthi weKrisimesi wawa, masikhulise" - isimemo seqela lezamthambeka; Phantsi komthi weKrisimesi "-kwindawo yokutyela.
Imithi yeKrisimesi igcinwe kwaye ikufuphi nesilayidi esilungiselele ubusika.
Kwindibano yenkosazana enkulu, uAlexandra Fedorovna ngo-1818, umthi wokuqala weKrisimesi wafakwa eMoscow, kunyaka wokuqala, ubuhle obuluhlaza buya kwavela kwibhotso leSt.
Ukuba ngumfazi kaNicholas wowokuqala, uAlexander Fedorovna ngeKrisimesi ka-1828 walungiselela iholide yabantwana yokuqala. Kwibhotwe, bawumisela umthi weKrisimesi wabantwana bobukumkani basebukhosini, ababemenyiwe ngabantwana babaphathi beenqanawa. Etafileni yayimithi yeKrisimesi ehonjiswe ngeziqhamo, ipipi, i-gingerbread. I-MAPRRE inike abantwana. Ukususela ngoko, imithi yeKrisimesi ifakwe kwizindlu eziphezulu ze-miss.
Ukusuka kwi-40s ye-Xix inkulungwane, umthi weKrisimesi ngequbuliso uyaphila. Ekupheleni kwee-40s, kwavela iimarike zeKrisimesi, apho abalingane baxhaphazwa khona ngemithi encitshisiweyo. Yazi ikhuphisana kubungakanani kunye nomhlobiso wobuhle behlathi. Embindini wenkulungwane ye-Xix, umthi wawungabantu abaninzi kwiphondo.
Umthi wokuqala woluntu wacwangciswa ngo-1852 kwisikhululo se-sttersburg ye-ekaterring. Unike ukuqala kweecawa zoluntu kwicawe yaseburhulumenteni, iGosa kunye neentlanganiso zabarhwebi, iiklabhu kunye nezinye iindawo.
Ekupheleni kwe-Xix, umthi weKrisimesi waqhelana, baqala ukubathengisa ngeveki ngaphambi kweKrisimesi. IKrisimesi Bazaes ene-Hish Hills kuyo yonke intanda-ngxwaba ezidolophini, kwiimarike, kwiintendelezo zokuhlala. Ii-shop ezibonisa umthi weKrisimesi kunye nesiseko sokuwela.
Iiholide zosapho kumthi weKrisimesi zihlanganisene izalamane, izihlobo, osebenza nabo. I- "CROSTISWEYO" yalungiswa ngeengoma, izimvo zemidlalo, umdaniso, imidaniso kunye nezipho ezinyanzelekileyo.
Kwiminyaka yokuqala emva kohlaziyo luka-Okthobha, ukuthandwa kwemithi yeKrisimesi yawa, abantu babekhathazekile, yayingekabikho ngeholide. Ngo-1929, kwarhoxiswa iKrisimesi ekugqibeleni, umthi weKrisimesi waqala ukubiza "isiko lePopovsky."
Ewe, umthi weKrisimesi akazange atshabalale, yaqala ukumisa ngokufihlakeleyo, yaye ngo-1935 waphila. Ngoku umthi onxibe unxibe unxulunyaniswa nonyaka omtsha, iholide entle yobomi.
Ngo-1938, umthi omkhulu weKrisimesi onamawaka ali-10 ohonjisiweyo kunye neethoyi zenziwa kwiholo ye-Union Indlu yemibutho yabasebenzi - umthi weKrisimesi ophambili welizwe.
Ukususela ngo-1954, iholide ayikabi ngumntwana kuphela, iibhola zonyaka omtsha kumthi ophambili ocwangcisiweyo ukuba umthi wemveliso, izazinzulu, abafundi, njl.
Ngo-1991, umbhiyozo weKrisimesi wabuyiselwa, imini yayingasebenzi.
Kwiinkulungwane ezininzi, umthi weKrisimesi usinika imvakalelo yeholide, ibuyisela imilinganiselo yolonwabo yobuntwana, inceda ukugcina ukholo kummangaliso. Umthi wekrisimesi omtsha woNyaka oMtsha uhlanganisa osondeleyo, uninzi lwabantu lubiza kakhulu kuthi. Imihlobiso yeKrisimesi-Intsapho ichaza ezo zinto zolondolozo lwentsapho.
Umbhali-I-Elena ye-imeyile
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