Leliphi ilizwe ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo e-peninsula? Oko kukuba, ayizizo zonke iintlobo zezizwe ebezikhe zakubonayo ingeyiyo ipeni yezixhobo, kodwa iziko likarhulumente nazo zonke iimpawu zikarhulumente. Kwaye kunokwenzeka ukuba ufumanise - kwaye ithini imbali ye-prorisa, kwaye ngawaphi amalungelo anokwenza amanye amazwe okanye amanye amazwe kuyo.
Ke, imbali "yombuso" ye-irrida iqala kunye neGrisi yamandulo. Ngapha koko, elinye i-100 lamawaka eli-100 lamawaka phambi kwamaGrike amandulo ngexesha le-paleolithic, iNekhartals yahlala kwiPeninsula, kodwa, ngenxa yento yokuba bonke baphela.
Ke loluphi uhlobo lwamazwe ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo lwezorhwebo?
AmaGrikhi abonakala eCrimea, bazenza iikoloni zabo kwimimandla yaselwandle ye-peninsula kwaye baseka izixeko ezinjengePunticapey (i-kerch) kunye ne-cherneople (iSevastopol), kunye nenani labanye. Kuyinyani, onke amaGrikhi avela kumazwe ahlukeneyo angamaGrisi, kodwa, nangona kunjalo, ukuba akanawo amazwe anawo amazwe, kwaye oku kuthetha ukuba ubunini babo yiMetropolis, kwaye hayi nje ezinye.
Ngezo ntsuku, amaSkitiya ayehlala kwinxalenye ye-stena, eyathi, engazange ibenayo, kwaye babenxibelelana namaGrike kwicandelo lezorhwebo, ngamanye amaxesha, nangona kunjalo, basombulula zonke iintlobo zeembambano zezakhono.
Kungekudala "kamsinya" kangaka "uKokaluka wagqiba kwelokuba ahlukane nee-metropolies zabo kwaye zenze amazwe amabini eCrimea - abazimeleyo kwezopolitiko kwaye bezimeleyo kwezoqoqosho kwezoqoqosho. Eyokuqala ibibizwa ngokuba yi-chersonese tauride kwaye yayikwindawo yasentshona ye-prosta, yesibini - kwinxalenye yendawo yase-Krassodar ye-Krassodar (ngesizathu esithile se-ukraine) . Kumele kutshiwo ukuba amaSchletians skytians (angadibani 'ngamaSchletiya "eSkytiya" yelizwekazi "!) Ngaphantsi kwempembelelo yamaGrike, kwakhawuleza ukuseka i-thematica (Tsarist Scythia ) Ngedolophu enkulu eNaples (phantsi kwe-sfaropol yangoku).
Nangona kunjalo, ekupheleni kwenkulungwane yokuqala ye-BC. e. KwabaseRoma baza bangena naye kuBemishere beRoma kunye nabo bonke abantu ababekho apho. Bacwangcisa kule ndawo yokuhlasela yeMeditera yeFleet yabo yasempuma kwaye basungula imisebenzi esebenzayo. Ngokukodwa, bakha iindlela ezilungileyo kwaye bamisa isixeko sama-chas (kwindawo ye-Alupka), ethi, ukuba, nangona kunjalo, yayijongwa yinkampu yasemkhosini, kwaye eneneni yayiyinqaba, amasango alondolozwe kakuhle Namhlanje. Kwasemva kwexesha emva kwamaRomarita, ubuKristu basasazeka kakhulu.
Emva kokuwa koBukhosi baseRoma eCerica bahlasela zonke iintlobo ze-goths nabantu, kodwa emva kweminyaka eli-100 - i-prosta iqala engaphantsi koBukhosi baseByzantine. I-Byzantine Greek, amaGrike aBantina aqalisa ukukhupha isonka ukusuka kwiindawo ezoyiswa ngazo kwaye wakhe iidolophu ukuba zakhiwe liGrisi nezakudala. Ke, kwinkulungwane ye-6 izixeko ezitsha zavela - uGurziuf, eSudak nabanye.
Nangona kunjalo, i-byzantines ayinaxesha lokufumana i-proata, kuba abaseBulgaria bavela emantla, ababevela kwi-volga, baqala ukwakha i-turga, kwaye baqala ukwakha i-turti, kwaye baqala ukwakha i-turtic calpes scans, ethi, xa ithatha indawo I-Buzarain Khazara, yajika yaba yiKhazar Katanat. Ngenxa yoko, ubuKristu balawula amazantsi e-Criria, kodwa ubuYuda baziswe eCrimeda.
Nangona kunjalo, ekuqaleni kwe-II, iMillenium, ixesha lethu kwi-Crintia kwakukho utshintsho olubalulekileyo. Kwinkulungwane ye-10, amaRussia anomdla kule peninsula, yoyisa i-Khazar Kaganat, igcinwe ngokungaguqukiyo i-pentasanas), emva koko i-chersonese. Kubukumkani bangaphambili bobukumkani, babumba umgaqo-siseko wokuxhomekeka kwiKiev, kwaye i-chernenese yabuyiselwa kwi-Byzantine ngemeko yokuhambelana nokunyaniseka kwe-hievan rus. Asiyi kuyilibala ukuba iPrince Vladimir yabhaptizwa eChersonese, apho wayengu "Svetoka" yinkolo entsha kwiRussia yonke. Kodwa kwimpuma ye-Prista, amaRussia ahlala kude kube sekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-Xi yenkulungwane, xa uKerki waphinda wayithimba i-bytsamentines, emva koko bamthimba abakhweli, banika iMeditera bakhangela kweyona ndlela ilula.
Malunga ne-XII kwinkulungwane, ukubola okungaphezulu koBukhosi base-Byzantine kuqalile, kwaye impuma ye-rimenda yabamba i-PERTIAL, emva koko i-genoe yayiyiphangalala elunxwemeni olusezantsi. Kwangelo xesha, imeko ye-Orthodox yaseTheodore yasekwa entshona yePeninsula ngekomkhulu eMangol (inqaba endala yala maxesha alondolozwe khona. Inxalenye engasemantla yayithabatha amaMongol afike eRussia, kuquka naye kwiGolden Horde.
Yonke enye indawo yelizwe kunye ne-Semi-State State (i-colonial) yeyokwayale kwifom yawo yantlandlolo de kube yi-1475, xa, emva kokuba ifakwe eConstantinople, i-OTtomans ayizanga kuCerita kwaye ayibaqhubi bonke abalawuli kuyo. Entla bakwamalunga namantshontsho e-chartan Khangela 'kwi-Islam, kwaye onke amazwe asemazantsi ayebandakanyiwe kwi-Ottoman Bonand.
Ewe, enye "Imbali" yombuso "yeNkcazo yaziwa kakhulu. Ekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-Xviii, iRussia yayikhutshiwe kwi-rissa yaseTurks, isuse zonke izinto zabo zobuqhetseba, zathi zathi zathi zathi zamisa uRrecial Khanani. Ugqirha weqonga waba ngaphezulu kwenkulungwane ukuba abe yinxalenye yoBukhosi baseRussia, emva koko wafudukela "kwilifa" kwi-USSR, emva koko waya kwi-iUkraine, kwaye namhlanje yeyakho i-iUkraine, kwaye namhlanje yeyokwenziwe kwi-IKRAIIN.
Ukuqukumbela, kufanele ukuba kuthiwe ngexesha leMillenium eCrimeya kwakukho iintlobo zonke zabantu, kwaye phantse yalathisa inzala yabo kwizizwe ezihlala kwiPeninsula ngoku. Elona qela lininzi lamaRussia, amaGrike kunye nabase-Armenia yeyona nto iphambili, kodwa iitayile zimele umxube wezizwe ezihlala kwi-EATE ehlala kwezinye iindawo zase-Eurasia, azizamkeli. Mhlawumbi kuphela abantu bomthonyama baseSrirsa banokubizwa ngokuba yiNeanderthals abavela kwi-crista phambi kwako konke. Kodwa ngubani oza kuba nako ukubafumana ngoku?
Umyalezo Ngawaphi amazwe ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo yeyorita? Kwavela kuqala e-Arkady Ilyukhin.