Umendo kaMosaic kwiNcwadi efundekayo kwiintsapho zokuzonwabisa.
Ngo-2020, ngexesha lokuhlala, abantu abadala abaninzi bathabatha iibhokisi ezindala ezivela kwiipuzzle ezinothuli kwiPuzzles ukuya kuthi ga kwixesha elithile, kwaye ukuthengiswa kwe-mosaics kwaphela kwaphela ezulwini. Iinkwenkwezi ezininzi zinxibe iindlela zabo zevidiyo kwi-mosaics ezinkulu ezivunyiweyo-umzekelo, ekhokelayo u-Ellgenes ekhokelayo.
Kusenokwenzeka ukuba sisoloko sinceda abantwana bafumane iziqwenga ze-mosaic, babulawa phantsi kwekhaphethi yokuqokelela ubugcisa be-Gan Gegh okanye ubuncinci umfanekiso ngeentsana.
Ngubani owokuqala ukuza neepuzzle kwaye ungumntu onjani usukelo? Ngaba olu hlobo lolonwabo lufumene njani ukuthandwa okungathethekiyo? Kwaye okunomdla ngakumbi kukwelo meko yembali.
Izixhobo ezibonakalayo zokufunda iJografiUMosaic njengohlobo lobugcisa, njengendlela yokuhombisa iindonga neziphene zaziwa ngamaxesha amandulo - khumbula ii-valas ze-Byzantine Catshurals. Kodwa ukukhetha i-mosaic njengento yokuzonwabisa ayiyona minyaka ingaka. Imbono eqaqambileyo yeza entlokweni yekhathuni yesiNgesi uJohn Speralbury ngo-1766.
Ubethe umzobo wemephu yehlabathi kwisiseko somthi kwaye wasika imephu ecaleni kwengcaciso yamazwe awahlukeneyo. Ezi zinto zibonakalayo kwaye bekuyimfuneko ukuba zisebenzise iJografi (nangona ilinokufumana kuphela "ukuzonwabisa" kuphela "kuphela ngabantwana bakho bakhusele abazali).
Ipuzzle yalwa ngokukhawuleza, kwaye iSpilelsbury yaqaliswa, njengoko babeza kuthi, wonke umgca weemveliso zeYurophu, i-Asiya, i-Afrika, i-Afrika, i-Ireland naseScotland. Kule vidiyo yesitishi semfundo, le la manembazo ichazwa ngokweenkcukacha ukuba ukusukela ngoko, ooMasaki bahlala beqhele ukufundisisa iJografi, nangona kuyilo lwamakhadi lutshintshile kakhulu (kunye nemida yezinye iindawo ezidlulileyo Iminyaka ihambile).
Ividiyo yeSitishi seSizwe seLady LadyI-Pedagogoes iqonde ngokukhawuleza iqonde ukuba ngoncedo lwale ndlela yomdlalo, kunokwenzeka ukuba babonakalise abafundi kungekuphela nje iJografi, kodwa nezinye izinto. UMoses waqalisa ukuvela ngeeplani zenkolo (umzekelo apho yonke imimangaliso eyenziwa nguYesu inokufundwa ngolungelelwano oluchanekileyo, kunye nembali yembali efana nomthi wesiNgesi).
Ukuba ushwankathela ukuphuculwa kweepuzzle ngenkulungwane ye-18, ke sinokuthi ukuba ezona mpawu ziphambili zezo zintathu: zenziwa zaBantwana, zazisetyenziselwa ukufumana iiseti, kuba I-monic nganye ye-Wooshiya inqunyulwe i-Manyuswa, kwaye isiseko somthi ngokwayo sasifanelekile (ngelo xesha iipuzzle zabizwa ngokuba "zihluthiwe nguMosaic", kwaye yayilixesha elichazwe kwimisebenzi yeJane Austin). ERussia, iipuzzle zazithandwa, kodwa sele zikwinkulungwane yeshumi elinesithoba, yaza zababiza ngokuba yiJamani - "isitya".
Ukufikelela kwintengiso yabantu abadalaEkuqaleni kwenkulungwane yamashumi amabini, abavelisi besiNgesi ngeepuzzle bagqiba kwelokuba bazame ukufikelela kubaphulaphuli ekujoliswe kubo: ukuthengisa mosaic njengeendlela zokuzonwabisa zasekhaya zabantu abadala. Okubangela umdla kukuba, uninzi lweeseti zaveliswa ngaphandle kwemiyalelo - oko kukuthi, bekunokwenzeka ukuba kuqinisekiswe ukuba uluhlobo lomfanekiso onokuqokelela.
Ukuze imveliso iqale ukusebenzisa iinkuni eziphantsi, kodwa ii-mosaics zisahlala zibiza kakhulu - iindleko zokutsalwa kwemali ngokwemali yanamhlanje kwenye indawo ezili-130 zeedola. Iinkcukacha azibanga yinkqubo "ekhawulezayo", kwakulula ukuyenza, ngoko bekunzima ngakumbi ukuqokelela iipuzzle zinemifanekiso enjalo. Iipuzzle zisahlala zokuzonwabisa ukuba amaqela athile akhethekileyo ayethandwa eMelika, eqokelele ii-mosaics ezinkulu.
Ukufunyanwa kwenguqulo ebalulekileyo kwenziwa ngo-1909. IParker Goates yavelisa i-mosaic kunye ne "stutch nganye" -inkcukacha azisekho kwawa ngaphandle kweGrooves, kwaye igcwalisa. Oku kuvelise i-furor enjalo kwimarike apho inkampani ivuliwe ngokupheleleyo ukuveliswa kweminye imidlalo yeBhodi kunye nezinye iithoyithi zabantwana kwaye inomdla wokujonga indlela iipuzzle zenkulungwane yokugqibela yajonga - phaya yimifanekiso emininzi ekhutshelweyo ekuqokeleleni le ndawo.).
Enye i-Puzzles-Iipuzzle zaqala ukwenza kwikhadibhodi (nangona abavelisi babenoloyiko ixesha elide ukuba uMosaic ovela kwezi zixhobo uya kuthathwa njengohlobo oluthile lwe-halter). Ukuqala ukusuka kwishumi elinantathu, iipuzzle zingafakwa kwithala leencwadi.
I-MOSAICs yabantu abadala basinda kwi-epoch yegolide ngexesha lokudakumba okukhulu- xa ukumiselwa kwiindawo zokutyela kunye neeklabhu azizange zifumaneke ngandlel 'ithile ekhaya (intengiso "yenzekile ngelo xesha). Ngendlela, abanye ooqoqosho bayakholelwa ukuba ukwandisa ukuthengisa kweMidlalo yeDesktop, unokubeka iliso kwinqanaba lengxaki yezoqoqosho.
Kusekho intembeko yokuba iipuzzle zinesiphumo esikhulu sephazili-Siyavuya kuba sikwazile ukusongelwa kunye Ke ngoko, ngexesha lentlekele, kuthengwa iipuzzle njenge-sedative.
Iinkampani ezininzi zaqala ukusebenzisa iipuzzle ukuze zikhuthaze ngakumbi uphawu: uthenge imbiza enkulu yejusi yeapile, fumana i-mosaic superric.
Ngo-1932, ukuzonwabisa okutsha kwavela eMelika - "uMosaic weveki" wavela ezivenkileni (njengommiselo, malunga nama-300 amalungu ayekhona kwaye acinga ukuba kunokwenzeka ukuba ihlanganise malunga neeyure ezintathu). Ezinye iifemu zaqala ukuvelisa iipuzzle ezinefreyimu ezivela kwiifilimu okanye zokuvelisa ngokutsha ubume obuqhelekileyo.
Ifilimu emfutshane "mna kunye ne-comrade", 1933Malunga nendlela iipuzzle ezithandwayo kumashumi amathathu anokugwetywa ngefilimu ye-Deac Deet Laurela kunye ne-Hardy, apho ubungqina lunika uMosaic kumhlobo wakhe. Lo mhle kukuba kunzima kakhulu ukuphazamisa ipuzzle kwaye ubuye kwizinto ezibalulekileyo, nokuba sithetha ngobhaliso lomtshato (kwaye eli libali elingasebenziyo).
Iipuzzle zazithandwa eMelika ngeMfazwe yesibini yeHlabathi, kwaye emva kokugqitywa kwayo, abavelisi beepuzzzle zabo bazama ukufumana iindlela ezintsha zokunyusa ukuthengisa. Ngo-1965, kwavela i-mosaiki kwavela ngomfanekiso we-jackson pollock-wadamba "owona manyiwe ehlabathini", kwaye amawaka abathenga babefuna ukuyithenga iMelika. Kwi-70s, ukuveliswa kweepuzzle zeWoodle kwakuqhekezile ngokupheleleyo (nangona namhlanje sibona ukuvuselelwa kwesiko lomthi).
Abavelisi banamhlanje benza iipuzzzle ezintathu zepuzzle, iipuzzle zeMonochrome, ii-mosaics ezibhalisiweyo, iipuzzle ezininzi ziveliswa ngoonobumba abaziwayo bekhathuni. Namhlanje, iipuzzle zine "i-purles inee-fries ezikhethekileyo" - nangona kukho iindawo ezimbalwa apho unokuqokelela iipuzzle kwi-Intanethi. Kwaye yonke imarike mosaic yabantu abadala kunye nabantwana namhlanje kuqikelelwa kwizigidi ezingama-670 zeedola.
Kwamanye amazwe, ukhuphiswano oluqhelekileyo lokuqokelelwa kweepuzzle zibanjiwe, kwaye impumelelo yeMosaic ihlaziywa rhoqo kwiirekhodi zeGuinness (Okwangoku eyona misebenzi inkulu inamaqhekeza angama-54,000, xa ujonga enye iqhekeza).
Kuqikelelwa kwizigidi ezingama-670 zeedola.
Kwamanye amazwe, ukhuphiswano oluqhelekileyo lokuqokelelwa kweepuzzle zibanjiwe, kwaye impumelelo yeMosaic ihlaziywa rhoqo kwiirekhodi zeGuinness (Okwangoku eyona misebenzi inkulu inamaqhekeza angama-54,000, xa ujonga enye iqhekeza).
Isafundwa ngesihloko