Umdla kwi-Ottoman State: phakathi kwehlabathi nemfazwe

UTamerlan, owoyisileyo, wayeyindoda elumkileyo, wayeyinto eqingqiweyo, esithi, Inene, yayiyinto eyoyikekayo, yayisetyenziswa nguBukhosi obuKhulu, - - "yahlulahlula". Yahlulahlula ". Wasebenzisa isikimu esingqinisisiweyo kwi-Ottoman Sasi Salnate emva kokusweleka kukaFultan Bayazid iad.

Wahlulahlula isisu kwiPhondo, wamisela owona mkhulu ka-Bayazid inkokeli esemthethweni, nangona abanye belizwe, banika abanye oonyana, kwaye umntu othile wayengcatse ukuqina kwaphela. Ukulala okhulelweyo phakathi kwabazalwana i-Tamerlane ilahleko ukuba yoyise iChina, kodwa kwindlela esweleke ngeminyaka engama-69 yobomi. I-Ottoman Sultate yangeniswa kwixesha lemfazwe yamakhaya, isiphithiphithi kunye phakathi kweminyaka eli-11.

Uzuko lujika intloko yakhe, amandla entliziyo athabathe ...

Ubomi boonyana bakaBayazid badlula phantsi kweyadi yakhe yobungangamsha kunye neyadi eqaqambileyo yayixinekile. Utata woyisa abantu kunye namazwe, wayekhonza uninzi lwezifundo ezininzi. Akumangalisanga ukuba oonyana bakaMlawuli abaya kunceda indawo katata wabo, ngakumbi xa sele bengene emgceni yetrone ngoyena mceli wokuzalwa, ngaphandle kwethuba lokuzalwa, ngokungakhathali.

Kumlo wokulwa nendawo yezobupolitika, eya kuthi kungekudala ijike ibe yindawo yemisebenzi yokulwa iya kukhutshwa ngoonyana abane ': uHiening "Clalebi, u-Sulaby noHilaby. Kuya kubakho amandla kunye nobomi beenkosana kwi-konto, kukho into yokukhuphisana.

Ndingathanda ukuqaphela ukuba "uClalebi" asisosihloko kwaye hayi ifani, kodwa i-"yesayensi", i.e. Sasiphathe esi siboniso sediploma, siphumelele ukusuka ubuncinci kwiMadrasa. Ke ngoko, uninzi lwabalinganiswa bembali ye-Ottoman inazi phambili kwigama, elingathethiyo izinto zokulawula ulawulo.

UPaolo Veronese "Sultan Baybazid i"

Ibhonasi yebhonasi - I-Kattin Tiur

Benze i-ottomans e-Ottomans e-Ankara, eTamerlan akazange ayithathele ingqalelo eyimfuneko ukuseka nasiphi na isivumelwano soyisiwe. Uya kuthumela izipho kumntwana omkhulu uBabizadi, - Suleiman. Kunye nezipho, ziya kubakho i-cares, ehambelana nesiko, empumalanga, umlawuli unika umqondiso wobabalo lwayo kwaye atshabalalise.

USuleiman wazibuza, kwisandla esinye iminyaka yenkululeko ye-Ottoman Sultane iya kuphela ngokupheliswa kwe-Tamerlan, kwelinye, isiqinisekiso sokuba ngumlo we-chrome tirr . USuleiman, ngokungafaniyo notata wakhe, wayeyinto engaphezulu, kunokuba abonwe kwimveliso, kwaye uyabonakala kwiziphumo zolawulo, kwaye uya kule mvume.

USuleman uza kutshayela amavizisi ashiyekileyo asindayo emfazweni kaJemahara kwaye uninzi lwentendelezo. Iya kuhlala eRushelia kunye nokukhuseleka kwezinto zalo kuya kuthatha isigqibo sokuphumeza ngotshintsho oluqhelekileyo nolwasemthethweni. Phantse, ukuba ungazalelwa ngexesha lakho, kuthetha ukuphulukana nayo yonke into. Ezo nkulungwane zazingasamkelanga isisombululo sezomthetho kumcimbi.

Ubomi babukhelwe kwimigaqo ye-Abdula ukusuka kwilanga elimhlophe leSoviet "eliMhlophe lentlango", "utshilo utata ngaphambi kokuba afe:" Utata wathi: "Utata wathi:" U-Abdullah, ndafuna inyama entle kakhulu Ihashe. " Ndalinda ixesha elide, emva koko uthixo wathi: "Hlalani ehashe nize niyithathe, le nto uyifunayo, ukuba ninomelele kwaye womelele."

USuleiman Chelby

Kungekudala uSuleiman uza kuqinisekisa ukuba amandla ayonelanga njengesipho, kuya kufuneka uyigcine ngamandla esixhobo, kodwa ade akhulule i-Byzantium evela kubukhoboka. Dlulisa i-Byzantia yase-Bulgaria, iGrisi yeGrisi, imimandla yonxweme evela eSilivri ukuya kwi-Varna. Ukulawulwa kweBossiors kunye neDadirdales kuya e-Byzantium kunye ne-Ottoman Fleet iya kuba nakho ukuwela kuphela ngemvume yayo.

Iziqinisekiso zokwenza le meko ziya kuba ngumntakwabo omncinci, unyana we-bayazid Kahidi nentombi yakhe, oya kuya eCostantinople kwaye aya kubanjwa kwintendelezo yomlawuli waseBytsantine. Kwakhona, inani lemvume lemvume iza kwenziwa yimarike yasemarikeni yeVenice kunye neGenoa.

Ngembuyekezo, i-Byzantium iyayiqonda ngokusemthethweni uSuleyman Sultan kunye nentloko ye-Ottoman State. Ewe kunjalo, iya kukhusela imida yasemantla, iya kusiphakamisa ubume beSuleiman kwi-Arena yeHlabathi, kodwa yayiphantsi kwegunya le-osmanov, liya kuva umoya omtsha kwaye lithathe isigqibo sokubuyisa.

I-DoonesweMfazwe

I-Tamerlan yayikukubuyiselwa ngokungathandabuzekiyo kukubuyiselwa kwamandla afanayo afanayo ngokufanayo kwi-Sultanate egayiweyo, kwaye wabeka "imiqobo" esikhubekisayo "kuba etroneni. Intshukumo yakhe yayiqaqambile, inika impikiswano yomdla phakathi koonyana baka-Bazid, nangona ingekho iTamerlan kula mazwe.

Ngaphandle kokunika abazalwana ithuba lokumanyanisa imizamo yabo. Ukuqonda uMlawuli waseSuleleman owayeseRimeli, oko kunika ulawulo lwe-Bursa is, kwaye emva kokufa kuka-Bayazid, unyana wakhe uya kusiwa emkhosini kayise, amnika umkhosi obalulekileyo. U-ISA woyika ubundlobongela, ushiya umzi.

I-mehmed, yayikukudamba kwe-Ankara, umphathi wePhondo kunye neZiko laseAmasa, lithatha isigqibo kwinxalenye elungileyo yemikhosi ukuba ibuyele kwirhuluneli yaseKara Vevletstha. I-Mehid, kuphela kwaba bosine baseBhasazid, bengazange banike isifungo sikaTaterlane. Ngobusuku, uya kuhlasela iAmassia, uya kubhukuqa, ambulale uKara, azise kwi-sultun. Ngokufa kukaTamerlan kwi-Sultanate, imfazwe ye-Fraturidal iyahlukana.

Umzalwana kumzalwana - ixabiso labasemagunyeni

Ukuqokelele amandla abonakalayo eSazi aza kubuyela kuye ukuze abuye. Kuya kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba uhambo olunemikhosi kunye nomzimba katata ongcwatywayo kwi-gosarsa umbunguli akaqinisekiswa sisininzi semithombo yelo xesha. Kumsebenzi kuphela weHarry Manulias "ukubola kwaye ukuwa eBekszantium ukuya kwiTurks-Osmans" kukhankanywe lo msitho, kunye nezinye iziganeko zichaza iziganeko ezinxulumene ne-Tamerlane.

Nangona kunjalo, eminye imithombo evakalayo ukuba i-Musa emva kokuthinjelwa e-Atkara yatshintshelwa eTamerlane kwi-Wakurlane kwi-WakubuBu Horiano kwaye yanikwa kamva mehmonda, kwisicelo sakhe. Kumsebenzi we-B. P. Kinross "ukuqhayisa kunye nokubola koBukhosi base-Ottoman", ngokubanzi, inyaniso yobuntu buka-Asazid, eyabulawa ekuthinjweni.

UPaolo Verorona "I-mulaby"

Nokuba yayiyintoni na, kodwa iHohmed iya emfazweni kwi-IUU no-Okole, thatha. Emva koko, kwimanyano enomsindo, njengoko iNkokeli yakhe iya kuqala imfazwe neSuleiman. Ekuqaleni, uSuleman uya kukwazi ukuthatha i-fursa kunye ne-ankara. Kodwa iHismed ikhwela ulwandle olumnyama lwamajoni phantsi kobunkokeli baseMusa ukuya kwinxalenye ye-European yesisu. USuleiman uya kunyanzelwa ukuba abuyele eRomelia.

Ophumeleleyo kwi-MUSA uya kubaluleka, iSuleiman iya kubanjwa kwaye ibulawe. UUmsa uya kuzizisa kwi-Sultan neNkosi ye-Ottoman Sultate, ukubamba inxenye yalo yaseYurophu. Emva koko, uya kuthatha i-Konstantinopol kwindawo yokungqinga.

Umlawuli wase-Byzantium Manuel II uya kucela inkxaso evela kwi-mehd, iya kumnika iinqanawa zakhe kwaye umkhosi wakhe we-mehd uza kuqala umzabalazo wemikhosi kaMusa. Ukudibana kuya kuqhubeka nempumelelo eyahluka ukusuka kwi-1411 ukuya kwi-1413. Ekugqibeleni, ngo-1413, ngenkxaso ye-chamufan yePrince yaseSerbice yaseSerbice Stefan

UMusa ngokwakhe wazilimala, kodwa uya kuba nako ukubaleka, kodwa kamva uya kubanjwa atshutshiswe. Kwisijwili, uSultin Medimed i, owazuza amandla abantakwabo, abantu bakhe, kwanabazisiko nakwitrone, baya kubuyiselwa kwakhona.

UPaolo Verrimeesse "Sultan Mehd I"

Ukuqukumbela

Ngokugqithileyo ukubhala malunga nefuthe eliboniyo lamandla kwabo bafuna kuye, abazichaphazeli iintshukumisa kunye nezenzo ze-Ottomans, ezizame ukubuyisela indleko.

Bamangalisa imeko yamazwe e-European ye-Ottoman Sultanate. Ngelixa i-Bayliki Malaya Asia kukukhumbula inkululeko kwaye wazama ukuyibuyisela ngokwabo, zonke iiBalkantia kwaye i-Byzantia yayizama ukuxhasa amandla enterman Sultanov, ukuze adibanise impilo yabo ngeendleko zabo ngeendleko zabo.

Ukungahambelani okungahambelani kakhulu kwaye kungabi kucinga kakhulu kubalawuli bala mazwe kuya kukhokelela kwinto yokuba i-Ottoman Imeko ye-Ottoman kangangeenkulungwane ithathe la mazwe nabantu.

Uncwadi kunye nemithombo:

1. I-Harry Manulias "Yehla kunye nokuwa kwe-Byzantium phambi kweTurks-osmans"
2. I-Caroline Finkel "Iphupha Osman: Imbali yoBukhosi we-Ottoman 1300-1923"
3. I-Dimitris Dallris "Yonyana we-Bayazid: Ukwakhiwa koBukhosi kunye nentetho kwiMfazwe yase-Ottoman Imfazwe 1402-13"
4. B. P. Kinross "intyatyambo kunye nokubola koBukhosi be-Ottoman"
5. Yu. A. Petrosyan "I-Ottoman Biffere. Amandla nokufa "