Ukususela kumaxesha amandulo, ukusuka ekuhleni kokubhalwa, abantu babenomdla kwixesha lamadabi, indlela iMfazwe idlula ngayo. Ukuba ucinga ngokusuk 'inyani, nkqu "i-Iliad" ayiyonto ngaphandle kwebali malunga nemfazwe yamaGrike eMalaya Asia. Yintoni esiyaziyo ngembali yobuntako boMkhosi?
Ngexesha leemfazwe zeNapolenic, amagosa ngamanye amaxesha athumela iileta ezivela kwindawo yemidlalo yeqonga, echaza okwenzekayo kwidabi. Ngamanye amaxesha iileta ezinjalo zivele kumaphephandaba, nangona amaphephandaba ayedla ngokuprintwa yimiyalezo esemthethweni karhulumente.
Imbambano yokuqala yomkhosi ibizwa ngokuba yiWilliam Howard Russell (1820-1907). Wayedibene nengxelo yephephandaba laseLondon ". Wayesebenza eLondon, naseIreland. Ukukhanyisela ungquzulwano phakathi kweJamani kunye neDenmark ngenxa yegolide yeSCHLESLESTIN ngo-1850.
Kwaye ngo-1854 wathunyelwa yiBhodi yokuHlela ukuze agubungele ikhosi yemfazwe yolwaphulo-mthetho - kwi-crista. Ndithumele iingxelo ezivela kwiNdawo yokuComba ukuya kwiphephandaba. Kumanyano kwezinye iiJajista ngokubanzi, malunga nokufa, ngamanxeba, malunga nenkxaso engapheliyo yezonyango kunye nokuzicekiseka kwezonyango.
Kungenxa yamanqaku akhe akwaziwa ilahleko eyothusayo, yenzelwa yiBritane kuhlaselo lwezikhundla ezinabantu baseRussia phantsi kweBilakhava. Yayinguye ongazange avume ukuba afihle isifo sekholera, ukuba namandla okulwa kwamajoni asiNgesi. Kusisiseko samanqaku akhe aseParameriariariariariariariariariariarias abaye bangenisa izicelo zaseburhulumenteni, bagxeka izenzo norhulumente wezolimo.
Ngenxa yoko, wayerhoxisiwe kwindawo yokulwa ngenxa yezizathu zezopolitiko. Emva koko, wakhanyisa ukucinezelwa komsindo we-SIPYEV eIndiya, emva koko ikhosi yobutshaba ngexesha lemfazwe yaseMelika.
Nikolai vasilytevich Ifoto: ru.wikipedia.orgUkusuka kwicala laseRussia, iMfazwe yoTristi yachaza uNikolai vasineevich berg, ingenayo imbalelwano "i-moskvatikan". Wathunyelwa evela kwimagazini ukuya kwimfazwe kwaye wadweliswa eSevastopol kwikomkhulu lomphathi-mali njengombhali. Ndachaza ikhosi yobutshaba kwaye ndathatha inxaxheba emafazweni. Emva kokuba imfazwe yolwaphulo-mthetho yathunyelwa kwiCaucasus, apho wasigubungela ukuphela kobutshaba kunye nokufakwa kweShamil.
Ngokweziphumo zomsebenzi weembalelwano zomkhosi zokuqala, abahleli, qinisekisa ukuba amanqaku athunyelwa kumkhosi wangoku ukwandisa ukusasazeka kwamaphephandaba, kwaqala ukucela iintatheli zazo ezishushu.
Ekuqaleni komsebenzi wakhe yayiyimbalelwano yomkhosi kwaye uWinston Church. Njengembalelwano yephephandaba iProgic yePhepha leMihla ngemihla, wathunyelwa eCuba, apho "i-suble" yesizwe "yezihlahla ezichasene neSpanish.
Kwimfazwe ye-Anglo-Bork, wathunyelwa ngumkhosi wakusasa ohambelana. Akabhale kuphela amanqaku, kodwa athathe inxaxheba kwimfazwe, wabamba i-fuam, wabekwa kwinkampu yamabanjwa emfazwe, wasaleka, wakwazi ukubamba iipawundi ezingama-25 kwaye wafumana eNgilane kwi-portuguese Mozambique. I-Adventure yayenze yaziwa kakhulu, eyamvumelayo kwangoko emva kwemfazwe yokuqalisa umsebenzi wezopolitiko.
Ukuqala ukusuka kwinkulungwane yama-20, iimbalelwano zomkhosi zigxininisa zonke iimfazwe. E-Port Arthur ngo-1905, uNemirovich-Danchenko wathunyelwa yingxelo yomkhosi. Hayi, hayi uMdali weqonga lemidlalo yeqonga, kwaye umntakwabo omdala, uVasily Ivanovich uNemirovich - uDanchenko.
Kwimfazwe nganye, ukuqala amaqela eRussian-Japaney 1905, eyokutywina kunye namazwe angathathi hlangothi aya kuba nembalelwano yomkhosi abathumela izixhobo zokuxhelela ngenxa yamaphepha-ndaba abo kunye neemagazini.
Ngexesha lemfazwe ye-timotic enkulu, amakhulu eentatheli isebenza njengeranti yomkhosi. Uninzi lwabo lwafa kwiindawo ezingenakubalwa konyaka wokuqala nowesibini wemfazwe. Ababhali abaninzi - ilyail Sholonokhov, eKrisidy Gadar - ekuqaleni kwemfazwe beza amavolontiya.
Uninzi lwabantu abaqalayo, ababhali, iimbongi zifumene indawo yazo ebomini kuloo mfazwe. UAlexander Trifonovich Tvardovsky waba yi-poet edumileyo ngokubulela ngokungazenzisiyo kwi "Velily Terekina" ebhalwe nguye. Ilizwe liphela lalilindile ukukhululwa kwephepha-ndaba elilandelayo lephepha elilandelayo, kuba bekukho inxenye yamanqaku malunga nomphambili obhaliweyo nguConstantine Simonov, okanye inokuba ngumbongo wakhe omtsha.
Ngexesha leMfazwe yesibini (II) yeHlabathi, iifoto zomkhosi kunye nemibutho yasemkhosini kunye nemibutho yefilimu yathumela, ithumele imifanekiso kunye nemithombo yeefilimu ezivela kumabala. Ubuchule babo budlule kwi-sieve yokufakwa emkhosini, ukuze iqela elichasayo alikwazanga ukufumana ulwazi olungeyomfuneko, kwaye iziphumo zisasetyenziswa-kwaye njengokubonisa ubungqina bemfazwe, kwaye kwiifilimu zobugcisa malunga nayo.
Amakhulu amaninzi eentatheli kunye neefoto zisebenzela kumaphephandaba angaphandle, echaza iingubo zabacingeli kunye nabaphathi.
Ukusuka eMoscow ukuya ku-Brest akukho ndawo apho singabhaleli eluthulini. Ngokunkcenkceshela kunye nencwadana, kwaye emva koko kunye nompu womatshini ngomlilo kwaye wasiqhubela phambili. (K. Simonov, "Ingoma yeNgxoxo yezoMkhosi")
Ngena kwindawo ekuqhubekweni, apho into ebaluleke kakhulu eyenzekayo, chaza, kwaye mhlawumbi, kwaye ithathe inxaxheba, iphume ngokukhawuleza inqaku elibhaliweyo kwaye libanjiwe kumzi-mveliso, okanye kakhulu Khawuleza ubuye ngezinto ezitshisayo kwi-ofisi yoHlelo ukuze inqaku malunga neemfazwe zanamhlanje sele likwiphephandaba.
I-Konstantin Simonov ichaze lo msebenzi wokulwa kumbongo "Ingoma yentatheli ye-Merry"
Ethabatheni ibhulethi apho kuphela kwe-NOON ye yawa, waqala wamqonda ukuba ngumphathi weyure. Kwakukho umqhubi wenqwelomoya okuphepha imbambano, eyona nto iphambili yayinenqwelomoya. Kodwa baphuma ngaphandle kokulibaziseka ngentsasa elandelayo, njengokuhlala, 'i-Izvestia', kunye 'neNyaniso', 'iNkwenkwezi ebomvu'.
Umsebenzi wabo ube yingozi kakhulu, amakhulu eengxelo zafa, wenza umsebenzi wokuhlela -
Ngaphantsi kwevenkile, ngoJulayi, kwi-Womanwood, kwindawo ye-Steppep, yawa, ibhuleji ye-bullet, intatheli echwayitileyo. I-Mattad kunye 'nomhlobo wosuku olunkcenkceshela eMoscow, ecinezela iinyembezi, iqabane lakhe ukusuka ezantsi lazisa umhleli.Kwakukho ixesha, izixhobo zokusebenza kwabafundi beeNgeniso zoMkhosi zitshintshiwe, kodwa umsebenzi wabo uhlala uyingozi kakhulu.
Sele uqala ukusuka embindini wenkulungwane yama-20, ukongeza kwiimfazwe eziqhelekileyo, iimfazwe zolwazi zivele, apho iintatheli zidlale indima ebalulekileyo. Iimfazwe zolwazi ziqhutywa ngexesha lethu. Kuphela ziintatheli kuphela abakhupheli ababoneleli ngeengcali kunye neengcali ekuqhubeni ifoto, ulwazi lwevidiyo kunye nevidiyo.
Imfazwe eVietnam yayiyeyona "iMfazwe kwigumbi lokuhlala" (imfazwe yegumbi eliphilayo), izixhobo zegranti zazivela eVietnam ekuhambeni. Ngexesha lobutshaba, zihamba kunye nokulungiswa kolwazi kubemi bayo, kwavela ukuba imiboniso yelo loyiko lokwenene lemfazwe linefuthe elibi kwimbono yoluntu.
Iinkokeli zamazwe zazicinga ngezinto ezivela kwiimfazwe ngenkxaso yolwazi kwaye zaqala ukukhula iindlela zokuqhuba iimfazwe "- ngexesha elidlulileyo elisenzeka kwihlabathi liphela. Mhlawumbi, kungekudala ngokweengxelo, amajelo eendaba aya kuba nento engenakwenzeka ukuba akuqonde okwenzekayo kwimfazwe yendawo elandelayo.
Umbhali-Igor Vadimov
Umthombo - Springzhizni.ru.