Inqaku lipapashwa kwimagazini yenzululwazi yenzululwazi. Izifundo zixhaswa zizibonelelo zesiseko seSayensi yaseRussia (i-RNF). "Kuthi thina, abantu abaphila elunxwemeni lweBaikal, kubalulekile ukwazi kwaye saqonde ukuba loluphi uhlobo loluntu oluza kuwa kuqala phantsi kotshintsho lwemozulu yehlabathi. Ubuncinci, ukwenzela ukuba imisebenzi yabo ye-anthropogenic iyongeze ukomeleza ezi nkqubo:
I-Enqumcs ibizwa ngokuba ziintlobo ezithile, ukuzalwa komntwana okanye ezinye izityalo zeteksi kunye nezilwanyana. Abameli bee-shotemics bahlala ngoluhlu olulinganiselweyo, ngamanye amaxesha bancinci kakhulu kule ndawo, kwaye bahlala beyinxalenye yezinto ezibalulekileyo zendalo. Phantsi kwempembelelo yotshintsho lwemozulu kunye noxinzelelo olukhulayo lomntu kwindalo, iindidi zendalo, zilungelelaniswe kancinci kwiimeko ezithile zendawo yokuhlala, zisengozini enkulu. Bafuna ingqwalaselo eyodwa yezazinzulu kunye nokuhlolwa kwezendalo ngokusingqongileyo ukugcina izinto ezahlukeneyo zenzululwazi.
Iingcali zebhayoloji kwiYunivesithi yaseIrkutsks kunye noogxa baseJamani kumaZiko eMetabolts iminyaka eliqela bebefunda iimpawu ze-metabolism (metabolism yokuvelisa iindiza zamandla).
I-Amipodes lelona qela likhulu nelihlukeneyo elihlukeneyo kwi-lake baikal (iintlobo ezingama-350 kunye neendlela zenkxaso-mali), zine-ofisi ngokupheleleyo. Kudala kusetyenziswa inkqubo yemodeli yophando lwendalo kunye nophando lwendalo. Kuphando lwakutsha nje, izazinzulu zithelekisa umbono we-theikal of Eulimnousous verrucouss ngezakhiwo ezinkulu ezinothando-i-seikal defemic e. Cymic e.
"Amandla imetabolism yinkqubo ephambili kwizinto eziphilayo. Nguye ogqiba kakhulu ukhetho lobushushu obandayo. Uninzi lwe-baiikal ye-baikal yavela echibini xa sele kubanda kakhulu. Ke ngoko, ngexesha lokuphuhliswa kwalo, i-seikal stemics iye yaqulunqa i-collor yeselula kunye ne-biochemicals kunamaqondo obushushu asezantsi. Esi siphelo sincinci kubanda sichaphazele umsebenzi wezixhobo ze-metabolic: Ukusetyenziswa kwemithombo eyahlukeneyo yamafutha, i-carbohydrate; Imisebenzi yeenkqubo ze-enzyme ezilawulayo zisebenza kakhulu kuluhlu lobushushu olusezantsi, "chaza i-Counciator yePhepha kunye neNtloko yeProjekthi yeRussia-yaseJamani i-RNF, umgqatswa wezazi zendalo zendalo uDaria Delin.
Ngokukhulisa ubushushu esandayo, amaqondo obushushu anyukayo ayanda, njengakwimeko yokupholisa i-Eulimnorsus, kwavela ukuba sesona sisengozini: Ukuba iintaka zothando-zothando zinomsebenzi weqondo lobushushu bemetabolic ekhulayo, emva koko Ifomu engqondweni emva kwe-15 degrees cesius iqala ingcinezelo yayo. Abaphandi baseBaikal baziwa kakhulu ukuba ngexesha lamaxesha aphantsi kwe-baikal ye-baikal ifikelela kwi-15 degrees, abantu abadala abafudukayo bubunzulu bendawo enobunzulu. Iindlela zeselula ezigqiba kwelokuba le mfuneko icacile.
"Yintoni enika le nto ibonakala ibalulekile ekuqondeni umfanekiso jikelele wento eyenzekayo kwiBaikal kunye neNgxowa-mali yekamva? Imbonakalo ye-chilute ye-chilute i-ampphipod yeyona nto inkulu kwindawo enamanzi angaphantsi komhlaba lonke ichibi - kwaye ubungakanani kunye ne-biomass. NjengoEulimnomarus verrucosous, inxalenye engaphezulu ye-baikal ye-baikal ikwabhekisa kwi-rede-hoc ende-ye-hoc-sneithetermes enenqanaba lobushushu obufanelekileyo. Kubalulekile ukuba uthathele ingqalelo into yokuba ngexesha lotshintsho lwemozulu yehlabathi, ulawulo lobushushu lwamanzi aseBaikal utshintsha ukufudumeza. Umzekelo, amanzi omphezulu wechibi ngaphezulu kwenkulungwane edlulileyo isungulwe ngaphezulu kwenqanaba elinye. Siyazi ngolunye uhlolo lweZiko lethu - iDlume lexesha elide ye-Pelagiel Lake Baikal "Inqaku eli-1", "Maxim timofeev.
Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba owona mngcipheko mkhulu ubhekisa kulawulo lobushushu lwendawo engaselunxwemeni yeLake Baikal. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, iimeko zamanzi abalulekileyo ziyaphakamisa kwaye kukho ukonyuka kwamaqondo obushushu aphakathi kwezi ndawo. Oku kunokubangela ukuba kusetyenziswe phantse uninzi lweentlobo zezilwanyana ezibandayo ze-Tech-Tech, ezithi, zikhulule kwindalo esingqongileyo kwaye inokubakhokelela kulwakhiwo olubalulekileyo lonxweme Uluntu lwechibi.
Le mingcipheko ifuna ukubeka esweni okuqhubekayo kunye novavanyo lwempembelelo olwaneleyo-zombini kwi-ecosystem nakwinqanaba lemetabolic, iqela ngalinye le-overmics. Amatyala okufaka i-atopical ye-baikal ye-baikal ye-baikal kunye nokusasazwa kwabo (okuthetha ukuba i-aboriginel squiting) sele yaziwa. Umzekelo, imiqobo ye-Lineid (i-lymnaeidae) sele iqhelekile, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha yeqela eliphambili le-mollusks kungekuphela ngamanzi angaphantsi, kodwa nakwi-rocky kunye ne-baikal ". "Ngaphambili, intshayelelo enjalo yeentlobo zehlabathi jikelele yayingafezekiswanga ngenxa yokungaphezulu kwe-endemics.
Nangona kunjalo, olu gqithiso lusebenza kuphela kubushushu kunye nezinye iindlela ezifanelekileyo ze-baikal. Iziphumo ze-Endemics zinxibe i-metabolic yenkqubo ye-tetamics, kwaye, njengoko kubonisiwe kumzekelo ka-Eulimnorus, okhokelela ekwenzeni ukhuphiswano kwezi ntlobo kunye nokulahleka kwazo okulandelayo, "utshilo uMaxiz Timofeev. Izifundo zaqhutywa ngokudibeneyo noogxa bee-polar kunye nezifundo zaselwandle ezibizwa emva kwe-Alfred Vegener (i-Germerihaven), iYunivesithi yase-Lepzig), i-Helmholts iZiko loPhando lweMathematics I-max click (i-leipzig, iJamani).
Umthombo: Inzululwazi yezeSwaziya