Eli bali lokuvula, elibe libe kanye kwaye ngonaphakadetshintsha inkcazo-ntetho yezazinzulu malunga nesatellite yeeplanethi zeeplanethi zeyona ndlu yeSolar System.
I-Grand Tet-I-Voyager
Kwiminyaka engama-60 yenkulungwane edluleyo, i-NASA yayinenkqubo yendawo entle yokhenketho, apho izazinzulu zicwangcise ukuthumela izixhobo ezine zenkqubo yelanga ukuya kwiiplanethi zangaphandle. Zimbini ngo-1977 - ukuya eJupita, iSaturn, Pluto, ezimbini ezingaphezulu kwe-1979 ukuya kwi-jupita, i-Uranus, nePune. Kodwa, njengoko kusoloko kusenzeka kumzi mveliso weSithuba, urhulumente wase-US unqumle kakhulu imali. Ukuthathwa kwenkqubo esele ivunyiwe i-SHTTL-ukusuka kwi-1 lamawaka ezigidi zeedola ukuya kwi-360 yezigidi zeedola. Iingcali ze-NAASA zahlaziya le projekthi kwaye zagqiba ekubeni zithumele ezimbini endaweni yeendlela ezine. Ewe, kunye nenani lemibutho yovavanyo limited. Endaweni yesithandathu ngoku, bekukho abathathu kubo: IJupita, i-Saturn, uTitan. Ilizwe lokugqibela lalinomdla olukhethekileyo. Uluhlu lubandakanya ngenxa yenyani yokuba le kuphela kwesatellite yenkqubo yelanga, enemozulu.
Iindlela ezimbini ze-mariner ze-mariner zazilungiselelwe ukubaleka: "Mariner-11" kunye "Mariner-12". Izikhululo zolu hlobo ze-NASA ezisetyenzisiweyo ukususela ngo-1962, ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo babethunyelwa eVenus, iMars kunye neMercury. Inkqubo yokuThengisa eGqibeleleyo yaphinda yabizwa ngokuba nguMariner Jupita-Saturn, kwaye ngo-1977 le projekthi yanikwa igama elitsha - uVoyager. Ngoku i-prees yayibizwa ngokuba yi "Voyager-1" kunye "neVoyager-2". Bobabini bahamba endleleni ngo-1977 bemahluko kwiintsuku ezili-16. Ekuqaleni yayicwangcise ukuba ubomi benkonzo beziya kuba yiminyaka emi-5, kodwa, njengoko uyazi, indiza yabo iqhubeke iminyaka engama-44.
Iikhamera "voyagerov"
Kwibhodi "ye-voyiagerov" Zimbini iikhamera zikamabonwakude-zibanzi kwaye zinciphile. Ukugxila kwimigca yabo ye-200 mm kunye ne-1500 mm, i-angle ebukele i-3.2 ° kunye ne-0.42 °, ngokwahlukeneyo. Iwebhusayithi ye-NASA ichaza ukuba imvume yegumbi elinegama elincinci linelanga lokufunda iphephandaba elivela kumgama we-1 km. Ngelo xesha, ezi zezona zikhamera zihamba phambili zakha zakhwela kwizikhululo zendawo.
Idatha yezixhobo igcinwe kwi-ribbon yedijithali yedijithali. Ngexesha lokufunda kweplanethi okanye iSatellite yakhe, le datha yaqokelelwa ngokukhawuleza kakhulu kunokuba zinokudluliselwa emhlabeni. Ngamanye amagama, ngexesha lokungakhethi kwiplanethi, iprojeki yenze, intetho ephantse, i-1000 i-shots, kwaye inkumbulo yayisakha i-100 kuphela, idityanisiwe kwinethiwekhi enye ye-radiotheloscopes Indawo enzulu yoNxibelelwano lweNethiwekhi yeNdawo (iDSN). Ngokwendawo ye-NASA, idatha yeVoyager-1 idluliselwa emhlabeni nge-160 BPS kunye neemitha ezingama-34 kunye ne-70 ye-Meter DSn isetyenziselwa ukufumana umqondiso.
[Funda ngakumbi, njengoko iSpacecraft idlulisa imifanekiso yoMhlaba, unokusuka kwinqaku lethu "EJEAESS Njani imifanekiso eyenziwe yifoto"]
Ikhamera nganye inomsesane wayo wokucoca, oquka iorenji, eluhlaza, iifilitha eziluhlaza, eziblowu, zinokudityaniswa ukuze zifumane imifanekiso yenyani.
Nanku umzekelo wokudubula "i-voyager-1" usebenzisa izibane ezikhanyayo. Umfanekiso womhlaba kunye nenyanga zenziwa kumgama ophantse kube se-11.7 ezigidi ze-km malunga neeveki ezimbini emva kokuqalisa iProbe:
[Ibali lomfihlo kwizinto zethu: "Umzobo wokuqala odibeneyo womhlaba kunye nenyanga kwimbali. I-Nurophot, eyadlulayo kwiminyaka engama-43 eyadlulayo i "Voyager-1" "]
Jupitar kunye ne-IO
Ekuqaleni kuka-1979, uVoyager-1 waqala ukuvala ngeJupita. Ngokufanayo, wenza imifanekiso yeGalili yeGallen Giatelites. Imifanekiso yezi satellite ayikhange idanile. Iingcali zazicinga ukuba kwimifanekiso yeVoyager-1, bayakubona okufanayo, bengafaniyo omnye komnye wenyanga, kodwa endaweni ye-Astronomers, kwihlabathi lavela nge-geology yenyanga yethu.
Kuzo zonke izitoli zaseGalili, olona hlanyo lwezesayensi luqhutywa yi-IO. Ngokwezifundo ze-spectroscopic, io yayibonakala ngathi izazinzulu njengomzimba kancinane kuneNyanga, kodwa iphinde yangcungcuthekiswa zii-craters. Kumphezulu owufunayo wesatellite yeJupita, iingcali zilindele ukufumana iidipozithi ezahlukeneyo. Kodwa u-Io waba yimfihlakalo yehlabathi lokwenyani ngaphandle kwe-crater ebonakalayo, egutyungelwe nge-tyheli etyheli, iorenji ne-orenji. Imifanekiso yokuqala yegesi enkulu yegesi ityhile i-lestronomers kwimbono yokuba iinkqubo ezithile zendalo kufuneka zenzeke kwi-IO, ethi "iphinde yafumana umphezulu we-Drum craters."
Ngo-Matshi 1979, i-voyager-1 yathatha umfanekiso we-IO kumgama omde ukusuka kumgama ozigidi ezi-4,5 zeekhilomitha, owavula ikhuselo lemfihlakalo yale nyanga.
Kumfanekiso, iingcali zeNasa zaphawula ilifu elalikwiikhilomitha ezininzi kwi-IO. Le foto yile:
Ekuqaleni, izazinzulu zacinga ukuba ezi yayiyinto yokugqwetha nje ezazivelayo ngexesha lokudubula, kodwa emva kohlalutyo oluneenkcukacha ukuba ilifu laliyinyani. Ukusukela i-IO inemozulu ka-Sparse kakhulu, i-Astrononomers iqukumbele ukuba ilifu li-lop elibangelwa kukuqhuma kwentaba-mlilo enamandla kakhulu. Wanikwa i-P1 yase-P1.
Emva kwexesha elincinci, amalungu eqela lophando lweVoyager afumana olunye uloliwe kumda wemini nobusuku (i-protor) ye-IO, ichazwe yi-P2.
Idatha entsha ethunyelwe yi-voyager-1 ibonise ukuba i-P1 sisiphumo somsebenzi wentaba-msebenzi esebenzayo, ebizwa ngokuba yi-Pele, kwaye i-P2 inxulunyaniswa ne-pitera ye-pitera ye-chatera, apho ikhoyo ichibi lentaba-mlilo.
Iingcali zeza kwisigqibo sokuba kukho intaba-mlilo yangoku kwi-IO, kwaye isenokuba sesona sizathu 'somphezulu wesatellite ", kunye netyheli, i-White, i-orenji, i-orenji, I-Silicates eyahlukeneyo, i-Sulfuur, i-Sulfure Dioxide.
Kweminye imifanekiso ye-IO, efunyenwe nguVoyager-1, izazinzulu ziye zafumanisa iintaba zentaba-mlilo.
Ukuvulwa kweProbe kunye nokujonga okulandelayo kwesatellite yeJupita kuncede iingcali ukuba i-IO lihlabathi elisebenzayo ngokweemali, namhlanje inamalunga nama-400 eentaba-mlilo.
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