Utyalomali, ngakumbi kwimarike ye-stock, inokubonakala inzima kakhulu ukuba ibathathe ngokwabo. Ngapha koko, wonke umntu unokuziqonda, kufuneka nje uhlolisise ngenyameko iinkcukacha.
"Thatha kwaye wenze" uxela indawo yokuqalisa ukutyala imali-kwinjongo yenjongo kunye nokukhetha izixhobo ngaphambi kokuba udwelise isicwangciso kunye nezenzo zokuqala.
1. Beka injongo
Naluphi na utyalomali kufuneka lube nenjongo. Ngaphandle kwayo, umngcipheko omkhulu wokwaphula kwaye uchithe ukuqokelela kwinto yokuqala enomdla. Nantsi imizekelo yeenjongo ezinokuthi zikhethwe kutyalo-mali lwexesha elizayo:
- Ukuthenga okukhulu (indlu, indlu, imoto, oomatshini);
- iprojekthi enkulu (ukulungisa, ukufudukela kwelinye idolophu okanye ilizwe);
- uhambo;
- imfundo;
- ingeniso edlulayo;
- Ipenshoni.
2. Lahla amatyala amakhulu
Ukuba unemali mboleko ngepesenti yepesenti ephezulu kunenzuzo eqikelelweyo yotyalo mali, kuqala kubo kuqala. Ngaphandle koko, uya kuhlala usemotweni, kuba inzala kumatyala iya kunciphisa ukufumana i-capitals kutyalo-mali.
3. Yenza indawo yokugcina imali
Indawo yokugcina imali sisitokhwe seemeko ezingxamisekileyo njengokulahleka komsebenzi, iingxaki zempilo ngequbuliso, iingxaki zempilo ngequbuliso, iingxaki zempilo, njl njl. Umzekelo, ngaphambi kokufumana umsebenzi kunye nomvuzo wokuqala kwindawo entsha. Ngokufanelekileyo, indawo yokugcina imali kufuneka yanele kwiinyanga ezi-3-6 zobomi ngaphandle kwemali. Utyalomali ngaphandle kogcino lwezezimali lunxulunyaniswa nomngcipheko. Kwimeko yokuqala kuya kufuneka ithengise ii-asethi. Ngenxa yoku, sinokuphulukana nenxalenye yexabiso labo, ukuba ngexesha lezinto ezithengiswayo lacela imali.
4. Khetha isixhobo sotyalo-mali
- Iidipozithi. Bathathwa njengotyalo-mali olukhuselekileyo, kuba iindleko zemali zihlala zizinza nokuba zithathe inxaxheba kwimali. Ukukhusela ukuqokelelwa kuyo kwaye kwandise imali encinci, tyala imali kwiakhawunti yokonga ngenzala.
- Ipropathi. Ngokwesiqhelo, abatyali-mali bayithenga ukuze bathengise okanye barente. Okokuqala kukuvumela ukuba wenze inzuzo umahluko phakathi kokuthenga kunye nokuthengisa, kwaye okwesibini yingeniso eqhelekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, kufuneka ifundwe engqondweni ukuba utyalomali kwindlu yokwakhiwa ludinga iindleko zexesha elibalulekileyo kunye nemali enkulu yokuqala.
- Ezinye izinto zexabiso lomzimba. Oku kubandakanya iimoto, ubugcisa, ngokuqokelelwa, amatye axabisekileyo kunye neentsimbi.
- Isitokhwe. Ukuthenga izabelo, uba ngumnini wenxalenye yenkampani ebakhululayo. Izabelo zinokukhula okanye ziwa ngexabiso, kwaye emva koko iziphumo zemali kutyalo-mali ziya kuba ngumahluko phakathi kwexabiso lokuthenga nentengiso. Ukongeza, inkampani inokwabelana ngenxalenye yenzuzo kwaye ihlawule izabelo kubanini zabelo.
- Iibhondi. Ukuthenga i-bond, unika umsebenzi ukujongana nawo ukhuphe iphepha elixabisekileyo. Banokuba ziinkampani zabucala, izithili zikamasipala okanye ilizwe. Ixabiso lentengiso le-Bond litshintsha ngendlela efanayo nakwiitokhwe, ke umtyali-mali unokufumana umohluko phakathi kwexabiso lokuthenga kunye nexabiso. Ukongeza, ukukhutshwa kwebhondi kuhlawula inzala kwireyithi ekhankanyiweyo kwithemba lokhuseleko. Ihlala iphindwe kabini ngonyaka.
- Imali. Le yimibutho yabucala ekuqokelele i-Courfolios elungisiweyo: Izabelo, iibhondi, njl njl. Iimali zinokukunceda ukuba uhlanganise ipotifoliyo ye-Couris elungeleleneyo ngaphandle kokuthenga nganye ngokwahlukileyo kwaye ulandele amandla exabiso.
Ukutyala imali kwi-asethi ezintathu zokugqibela kuya kufuneka uvule i-akhawunti yebroke.
5. Vavanya isixhobo esikhethiweyo
Isixhobo ngasinye sokutyalomali sinemixholo yayo. Hlolisisa ngaphambi kokutyala. Njengemithombo yolwazi efanelekileyo:
- iziseko ze-Intanethi ezizodwa zabatyali mali abaqalayo;
- Iincwadi kunye neencwadi zezifundo (umzekelo, umthengisi odumileyo uBhenjamin Graham "Umtyali-mali ofanelekileyo");
- Iikhosi ezikwi-Intanethi ezivela kwabarhwebi abaninzi okanye ii-Intanethi (umzekelo, e-Edx okanye ikhosi);
- I-PODSCESSTERS;
- Iisayithi zeearhente zeendaba apho unokulandela khona imicimbi yakutshanje kwiLizwe lezeMali.
6. Fumanisa ukuba loluphi utyalomali olwahlukileyo kwingqikelelo
Utyalomali zii-asethi zemali okanye izinto ezibonakalayo ezifunyanwayo ukufumana umvuzo ongezelelweyo okanye ukonyusa iindleko kwixesha elizayo. Uqikelelo lukuthengiswa kwezemali kunye nenkonzo yentengiso. Inxulunyaniswa nomngcipheko obalulekileyo wokulahleka kweendleko zonke, kodwa kwangaxeshanye nolindelo lwezibonelelo ezibalulekileyo. Utyalomali luhlobo:
- ixesha elide lokucwangcisa;
- inqanaba lomngcipheko;
- Izigqibo ezisekwe kwiintlawulo kunye nezalathi zezezimali.
Ii-spes zahlulahlulwe:
- ixesha elifutshane phakathi kokuthenga nokuthengisa i-asethi;
- amanqanaba aphezulu engozini;
- Izisombululo ezisekwe kwidatha yezobuchwephesha (umzekelo, itshathi yexabiso lezabelo), i-Psychology yentengiso kunye nembono yomntu.
Iitemotings ziphethe umngcipheko omkhulu wokulahleka kwemali, ke kufuneka zilumke kwaye zingadibaniswa utyalomali.
7. Yenza isicwangciso kwaye uqalise ukutyala imali
- Chonga uhlahlo-lwabiwo mali. Cinga ukuba ungayifumana malini kutyalo-mali. Oku kunokuba ngumrhumo wexesha elinye (umzekelo, ukuba ufuna ukutyala imali yakho) okanye ngenyanga. Kwimeko yokugqibela, kuyacetyiswa ukuba wabele ukutyala imali ukuya kwi-20% yengeniso yenyanga. Ukuba kubonakala ngathi kumanani amakhulu kakhulu, lilungisa nje indlela owonwabe ngayo ngoku, kwaye ekuhambeni kwexesha, unyusa imali.
- Faka umhla wokugqibela. Chonga ixesha olityala imali oyityala imali. Kuxhomekeka kwinjongo yakho. Abanye bangumlinganiswa wexesha elide (umzekelo, igumbi kunye nepenshini), ezinye zexabiso elifutshane (lokuhamba nokulungisa).
- Inqanaba lokuthatha inxaxheba kutyalo mali. Cinga ukuba ithathe inxaxheba xa usebenza kangakanani uzimisele ukuthatha njani kwiphothifoliyo yakho. Abatyalomali bahlulwe ukuba basebenza nzima (bona ngokwabo bathabatha izixhobo, balandele amandla exabiso labo kwaye bahlawule ixesha elininzi) kwaye bahlawula imali eninzi kwimali, apho iphothifoliyo egqityiweyo sele idibene).
- Umngcipheko. Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba utyalomali kulo naluphi na izixhobo lukhona ngomngcipheko. Ke ngoko, tyala imali kuphela oyifunayo kwiinyanga ezimbalwa. Chaza kwakhona uhlobo lohlobo lwephothifoliyo oyilungele ukwamkela, kwaye engeyiyo. Kuxhomekeka kwinqanaba lomngcipheko, khetha izixhobo ezingaphezulu zotyalo-mali kwiphothifoliyo (iIpodi, iiBonds) okanye, ngokuchaseneyo, zinoburharha).