Inqaku elichaza iziphumo zophando zapapashwa kwi-Actusta Astronautica iphephandaba. Ukususela ngoDisemba ngo-1972, abasebenzi baka-Apollo-17 babuyela emhlabeni, abantu abahlukani nephupha ukuba baphinde batyelele inyanga kwakhona. Ngo-2017, urhulumente wase-US wasungula inkqubo ye-Artemis, injongo yokubaleka 'yindoda yokuqala kunye nendoda elandelayo "kwi-South Pole yeNyanga ngo-2024.
Kwinkqubo ye-Artemis, kucwangcisiwe ukusebenzisa iqonga le-Lunar leLundare yeLundare yeLunar yeLunarey njengesikhululo sendawo esisigxina, ukusuka apho iimodyuli ezikhoyo ziya kuzisa oosomajukujuku kwinyanga. Ukuphunyezwa komxholo omtsha ucele ukuphuculwa kwezikim ezitsha zokufika komhlaba kumphezulu wenyanga. Namhlanje, iinkampani zabucala kwisicelo se-NASA siqhuba uphando ukudala iimodyuli ezintsha zokufumana umhlaba, kodwa inkqubela phambili kunye neziphumo zezifundo eziqhutywa.
I-Master's Skolteha Kir Latshesshev, uNjingalwazi uNikolandro Growan kunye noNjingalwazi Prowley baphuhlisa ezona ndlela zithembisayo zenkqubo ye-Artemis. Kwinkqubo yembali "Umzekelo, umzekelo, imodyuli yenyanga yasetyenziswa kumanyathelo asekhaya kunye nokuthatha amanyathelo aphezulu, eyayihambisa i-astronas ezimbini kwinyanga, ishiye inyathelo lokufika enyangeni.
Abaphandi baqhubeka kwingcinga yokuba iqonga leLunger yeLunger liya kuba kwindawo ephantse ibe phantse i-halo okanye inqaku le-halo ye-LOLO ePhambili - inqaku le-Instring elivumela ukuba ivule i-ostronaut elivumelayo kwi-Pole esemazantsi eNyanga yeNyanga. Izazinzulu zenza umahluko apho abasebenzi abangamaqela abane baza bachitha malunga neentsuku ezisixhenxe enyangeni, bahlukanise inani lamanyathelo nodidi lwe-pioli. Iyonke, iinketho ezingama-39 zenkqubo yexesha elizayo yokufika umntu enyangeni zahlalutywa. Kubandakanya ukuthelekiswa kweyona ndlela ithembisayo kwiindleko zeprojekthi
Iqela lasebenzisa indlela edibeneyo yovavanyo lokuqwalaselwa kwemodyuli yokufika ngokuhlalutya iseti yokhetho usebenzisa imodeli yovavanyo. Okokuqala, iingcali zichonge iseti esisiseko yezisombululo zoyilo, kubandakanya inani lamanyathelo kunye nohlobo lwamafutha kwinqanaba ngalinye lemodyuli yokufika.
Idatha efunyenwe yayishwankathelwe kwimodeli yemathematics, ngoncedo lwalo lwezazinzulu ziqhuba uphando olubanzi lwezinto ezikhethiweyo zokwakha inkqubo, zidibanisa izisombululo zobutyebi. Kwinqanaba lokugqibela, izisombululo ezifunyenweyo zahlalutywa kwaye zikhethe iindlela ezinokubangela umdla kwabo babandakanyekayo kuyilo lweemodyuli zokufika zenyanga.
Uhlalutyo lwabonisa ukuba kwiinkqubo ezilahliweyo zohlobo lweemodyuli zokutyala uApollo, esona sisombululo siphumelele ukusuka kwindawo yokujonga ubunzima befestile, ubunzima obutshisayo buya kuba yindawo yesibini yexabiso . Nangona kunjalo, kwiinqanawa ezinokuphinda zisebenze, ezicwangcisiweyo ukuba zisetyenziswe njengenxalenye yenkqubo ye-Artemis, inqanaba elinye kunye neenkqubo ezintathu zenqanaba ngokukhawuleza ukuphikisana nenqanaba lesibini.
Inikezwe onke amaxabiso awenziwayo kwinqaku, inokuxoxwa ukuba "iNkokeli" engenammiselo "yezisombululo zexesha elifutshane le-ioksijini ye-ioksijini ye-isdrogen kunye ne-hydrogen (i-LOX / LOC / LOC2). Nangona kunjalo, ababhali bagxininise ukuba le kuphela kohlalutyo lwangaphambili, zeziphi izinto ezinje ngokhuseleko lwabasebenzi, amathuba, kunye nemingcipheko yolawulo lweprojekthi ayithanjiswanga. Ukuzenzela le nto, kufuneka kuchazwe ngakumbi ukuqiniswa ngakumbi kwinqanaba elilandelayo lenkqubo.
I-Kir Latyshev inophawu ukuba, njengenxalenye yenkqubo ye-Apollo, iinjineli ze-NASA zenza uhlalutyo olufanayo kwaye zikhetha ulungelelwaniso lwemodyuli yamanqanaba amabini. Nangona kunjalo, ngelo xesha, inkqubo yenyanga yakhiwa ngokoyilo olwahlukileyo, ekungekho sikhululo se-Onar, apho kuya kuba khona i-lebiar ye-orebital, apho bekuya kuba khona imodyuli yenyanga kwindawo yokuphumla. Oku kuthetha ukuba zonke iindiza kuye kwafuneka ukuba zenze emhlabeni zisebenzisa iimodyuli zenyanga ezilahlekileyo, oko kukuthi, zenza izixhobo ezitsha zendawo nganye. Ukongeza, ngokungabikho kwesikhululo se-iunar, ukusetyenziswa kwenkqubo yamanyathelo amathathu okutyala, ethathelwa ingqalelo kwixesha lethu, akubangakho.
"Kwisifundo, sifumene isiphumo esinomdla: Ukuba sithatha izixhobo zokulahla, siyavuma ukuba nesikhululo se-Orbimal, unokwenza imodyuli yenqanaba elinamanyathelo amabini (imodyuli efanayo" enomsindo omncinci wezixhobo kunye neendleko eziphantsi, ezihambelana ngokubanzi nomxholo, owamkelwa kwiNkqubo "Apollo". Kodwa ukusetyenziswa kweemodyuli ezinokuphinda zifikeleleke kutshintsha yonke into.
Nangona izixhobo ezingatshatanga nezenqanaba ezintathu zisadlula kwinqanaba le-3 ezimbini ngobunzima, zisivumela ukuba sisebenzise uninzi lwezinto ezininzi (malunga ne-70-100 pesenti, nangona i-60, ngelixa uqinisekisa Ukugcina iindleko kunye nokuhanjiswa kuxabisa izixhobo ezintsha zesikhululo se-Orbrial, okukhokelela ekunciphiseni inkqubo yenyanga xa iyonke, "utshilo u-Latysshev.
Yongeza ukuba into ebalulekileyo ekuyileni kweenkqubo zendawo enoMdabi kukhuseleko lwabasebenzi, kodwa ukuqwalaselwa kwalo mba kuyayonga ngaphaya kwesi sikhokelo sophando. "Ukhuseleko yinto ebalulekileyo apho ukhetho lwenkqubo yokufika komhlaba luxhomekeke khona. Ukusetyenziswa kweemodyuli zamathuba okunokubonelela ngamathuba amaninzi ukubuya okukhuselekileyo kweqela lesikhululo se-linar kwimeko yemeko yexesha likaxakeka, eyingenelo epapashiweyo yimodyuli yamanqanaba ngamanqanaba eNkululeko.
Ngokungafaniyo nemodyuli yenqanaba elinye, inkqubo emibini-okanye yenqanaba elinenqanaba lokuvumela ukuba usebenzise ukubuyisela i-Crew Rid kunye nemodyuli yokufika. Kwangelo xesha, kulindeleke ukuba, ngenxa yokuntywila, iinkqubo ezimbini kunye namanqanaba amabini kunye namanqanaba amathathu aya kuba ngaphezulu kunokuba umngcipheko weentsilelo zobugcisa zithelekiswa neenkqubo zenqanaba elinye.
Oko kukuthi, ukhetho apha luphindwe ngophinda-phinda-iskimu ngasinye sinezibonelelo zayo kunye nezinto ezingalunganga, "yongeza i-Latsheshev. Kwixa elizayo, izazinzulu ziceba ukwandisa isakhelo somsebenzi wabo kwaye ziqhube isifundo esibanzi solungezo lwenkqubo yophando lwazo zonke iinkqubo ezithembisayo kwinyanga.
Umthombo: Inzululwazi yezeSwaziya