Inkqubo ekhoyo yebhanki yaseRussia ngokuqinisekileyo ayishukumi. Nangona kunjalo, ivunyelwe ukuba ifanelwe kukudlula kwinqanaba elinzima lemiqobo kumlo wokulwa usulelo lwe-coronavirus. Ukuwa kwe-GDP kunyaka ophelileyo kujika kube mncinci kakhulu kunangaphambili.
Ngokubanzi, thina singabathanganga ukuba sithethe ngendima nokubaluleka kwezemali, ngokuyintloko icandelo lebhanki ekuqulunqweni koqoqosho lwasekhaya. Iibhanki zenza umgca wokudibanisa uqoqosho lwanamhlanje, imisebenzi yabo ihambelana kakhulu neemfuno zokuzala. Ukuba embindini wobomi bezoqoqosho, ukukhonza iimfuno zabavelisi, iibhanki ziphathelenisa ubudlelwane phakathi kwemveliso kunye norhwebo, ezolimo, ezolimo kunye nabemi. Ngoncedo lweebhanki, ukuqokelelwa kwemali engasetyenziswanga okwethutyana yasimahla, ukusasazwa kwawo.
Iibhanki yinkqubo yegazi ye-Economics yeliphi na ilizwe. ERussia, yavela kuphela emva kokuwa kwe-USSR, oko kukuthi, malunga neminyaka engamashumi amathathu eyadlulayo. Uninzi lwabantu lukhumbula ukuba iibhanki zivutha kwaye zanyamalala ngesantya sendawo, kunye nabo - igalelo labemi namashishini. Inkqubo yakudala yeSoviet yatshatyalaliswa kuba yayingeyonjongo yokufumana ubudlelwane kwintengiso. Inkqubo entsha yezemali yazalelwa kumgubo obangela iziphithiphithi zezezimali. Kwithuba le-1990-1995, iibhanki ezingama-823 zabhaliswa eRussia. I-sutoos yezezimali phakathi kwe-1990s eRussia yafikelela esi sikali kangangokuba kukho isoyikiso sokwenyani kwisimo senkqubo yezemali ngokuchasene nenkcaso. Khumbula ubuncinci "mmm" Mnu. Mavrodi. I-Devealt 1998 ichithe inkqubo yebhanki ngoku. Ukusukela ngo-1999, iphumelele.
I-Central Bank yaseRussia kwafuneka ibambe umsebenzi omkhulu kulwakhiwo ngokutsha lwenkqubo yebhanki, ijolise ekuphuculeni umsebenzi weebhanki zorhwebo kunye nokunyuka kwabo ubugqwetha. Ukuphucula imarike, i-Central Bank yaqala ukuyilawula ithola: yazisa imigangatho yolawulo lomngcipheko yeBhanki, inyanzelekile ukuba ipapashe inkcazo, iphucule iindlela zokubeka esweni. Ngenxa yesango kwintengiso yeenkonzo zebhanki, i-insuntve irhoxisiwe. Kwiimeko ezininzi, ukubuyiswa kwelayisensi enkulu kunye nephakathi yelayisensi yeebhanki ezinkulu neziphakathi ezikhoyo kukhokelele ekubonweni kwezi bhanki zabanini bazo. Ingxaki yokuhlawula i-gesity icandelo lebhanki labuyiswa. Imeko iyazinza.
Nangona kunjalo, ingxaki ka-2008 ukuya kowama-2008, kwaye emva koko ingxaki ka-2015 yabonisa ukungazinzanga kwenkqubo yebhanki yaseRussia. Ke, isilumkiso esaziwayo se-binbank icandelo lebhanki ye-volga-vyatsky ilahlekile i-40% yenzuzo ngo-2009, ngo-2014 ingeniso ye-20%. Kwangelo xesha linye ukwanda kwenkunkuma yemali mboleko engaphezulu.
Inani leebhanki zaseRussia zazihlala zincipha. Ke ngoko, ngokwe-bhanki esembindini yeRussian Federation kwango-2015, ama-95 amatyala anelungelo lokufumana ilayisenisi yokwenza imisebenzi yebhanki. Ukusukela ngoFebruwari 1, 2021, 365 iiBhanki zoRhwebo ezingama-36 zisebenza eRussia. Ngo-2020, inkqubo yebhanki ye-Russian Federation inciphile ziibhanki ezingama-36, ka-2019 - kwiibhanki ezingama-38, ngo-2018 - ngo-2018 - ngo-2018 - ngo-2018. Kancinci kancinci kancinci ukuyophula iibhanki eziphethwe ziilayisensi.
Kwi-90s, ngaphezulu kweebhanki ezimashumi mabini zadalwa kwi-90s. Ezi yayizii-nizhny ze-nizhny novgorod. Ngowama-2021, 23 iNizhny i-Nvgorod i-Bhanki iphela ngenxa yokupheliswa okanye ukurhoxiswa kwelayisensi yibhanki yaseRussia. Kutshanje ngo-2019 elahlekileyo iilayisensi "radiotekhbank" kunye nebhanki ".
"Ukucoca" kwecandelo lebhanki kwi-Central Bank yeRussia inike iziphumo ezintle. Ngo-2020, ngaphandle kokucinywa komsebenzi woqoqosho ngenxa yeziganeko ze-anticoid, icandelo lebhanki libonisa imeko entle. Ngokwedatha evulekileyo ukusuka ngoJanuwari ukuya kwi-2020, ivolumu yeeasethi inyuke malunga ne-9.4%. Olona nyuso luphambili kolu phawu lwanikwa iibhanki ukusuka kwi-5 ephezulu: isabelo sabo kuxinzelelo lwezinto zonke zatshintshwa nge-11%.
Sibona iziphumo ezifanayo zecandelo lebhanki kwingingqi ye-nizhny novgorod. NgokweSebe eliqhelekileyo leVolga-vyatsky yeBhanki yaseRussia, isixa semali ye-Nizhny Novgorod, ibekwe kwi-akhawunti yebhanki kunye neeakhawunti nge-122.3 yeebhiliyoni. Ngexesha lonyaka, eli nani lenyuka nge-10.6%. Kubalulekile ukugxininisa ukuba iipesenti ezingama-88 zeemali ezitsalele umnxeba (i-548.9 yezigidigidi) zigcinwe kwii-ruble.
Amaziko asemthethweni, kubandakanya oosomashishini abathile, baqala ekuqaleni kwe-2021 kwiibhanki kunye neendawo zokugcina iibhanki kwingingqi ye-nizhny novgorod 326.4 yezigidigidi. Le yi-25.6% ephezulu kunama-2010.
Ngo-2020, iphothifoliyo yemali mboleko yeebhanki kwingingqi ye-Nizhny NovgoroD inyuke nge-15%, inikwe ingxelo kwi-vollopa-vgatka yolawulo lwebhanki ephakathi. Kukho ukonyuka kwenkampani kunye nokuthengisa. Ukusukela nge-1 kaJanuwari, 2021, ipotifoli ye-LORTfolio ifike kwi-R62.1 yeebhiliyoni. Le yi-10.8% ngaphezulu konyaka ngaphambili. Eyona nto iphambili kulwando olunjalo, ngokwe-Central Bank, yenza inkqubo yokuboleka imali, eyanda nge-17.2% ukuya kwi-158.8 yezigidigidi. Ngo-2020, abahlali bengingqi yaseNizhny NovgoroD bathabatha i-Irhente entsha nge-rubles, eyi-10.4% ngaphezulu konyaka ophelileyo. I-Nizhny Novgorod ifumene iinkampani ezingama-42 ezigidi zeenkumbulo ezikhethekileyo.
Le meko ikwagcinwa kulo nyaka. I-Nizhny Novgorod sele ifayilishwe i-5.7 yezicelo zokungeniswa kwemali yenkxaso-mali yenkxaso kurhulumente ukusuka ekuqaleni kuka-2021. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, kuphela u-sberbank ukhuphe iikhredithi ezili-1500 kwinani elingaphezulu kwe-3.6 yeebhiliyoni kwi-ruble ruble kwiqondo lenzala.
Ngenxa yoko, inkqubo yebhanki yaseRussia ifumene uzinzo lwezezimali elaneleyo lokuba ngumqhubi wophuhliso loqoqosho. Ngale nto yavumela ukunciphisa ilahleko yoqoqosho ngo-2020.