Amaxabiso anyukayo kwiimveliso atsalela ingqalelo kaMongameli Vladimir Spin emva ekuqaleni kukaDisemba 2020. Kwakungelo xesha, kwintlanganiso kwimiba yezoqoqosho, intloko yelizwe ibizwa ngokuba yi-Supety ngexabiso lemveliso ethathela ingqalelo amaxabiso asekhaya ukuba akwazi ukufumana umdla womthengi waseRussia. NgokukaSepin, amaxabiso akhe onyukayo anyuka kwiimveliso, akahambelani neemeko ezithile, ezinjengenzi buthathaka kwi-ruble. Njengemizekelo, uMongameli weza nesonka, iPasta, iswekile kunye neoyile yeWakeli, ebiza kakhulu, ngaphandle kwengqondo, kunye nejongilanga elikhulileyo eRussia. "Abantu bazimisela, kuba abanamali kwiimveliso ezisisiseko. Ujonge phi? Lo ngumbuzo! Le asiyo joke! " -Intloko yelizwe yayicaphuka.
Emva kokugxekwa okukhalayo kweSpin, iKhabhinethi yabenza imvumelwano ngenethiwekhi zorhwebo kunye nabathengisi ukulawula iindleko zezi mveliso. NgoDisemba, eRussia ngesigqibo sikarhulumente, amaxabiso aphezulu eswekile asekwe (i-46 ruble ngekhilogrem kwi-Retails) kunye neoyile ye-110 ye-ruble kwilitha nganye kwintengiso). Amanyathelo aza kusebenza ubuncinci kude kube sekupheleni kwekota yokuqala ye-2021. Emva kwexabiso lokukhulula ngabasemagunyeni, ezinye iinethiwekhi zorhwebo, ngakumbi, iqela lentengiso (ilawula "i-Crossroads"), "i-Carouser" kwaye "i-Carouses"), kubandakanya isonka, ipasta , stews, iti kunye nobisi. Inkampani ibanga ukuba izakuthatha inkcitho yorhwebo phezu kwabo.
Ukongeza kokusekwa kwamaxabiso asekuhlanjeni, urhulumente uphuhlise inani lezithintelo zenkozo kwinkozo kunye nezinye iimveliso ezingaphezulu kwesiqhelo. Isisombululo esinjalo sikhutshwa ngumnqweno wokuthintela ukuthunyelwa kwengqolowa kwiimarike zangaphandle ukuze zibe nengxaki yeemfuno zangaphakathi. UMphathiswa wezoLimo wezoLimo yaseRoma Demidy Patrusher wachaza ukuba oku kwenziwe ukuthintela "ukutsiba ngamaxabiso abathengi kwiimveliso zokugqibela zeFlouroline, i-cereal, indawo yokubhaka kunye nenyama kunye namashishini obisi".
Ummiselo woMbuso wamaxabiso eemveliso ezibalulekileyo ekuhlaleni ubangela inkxalabo enzima phakathi kwabathathi-nxaxheba kwicandelo lezolimo. I-Vice-Mongameli weCraight Union Alexander Commor Ibizwa ngokuba sisigqibo sokulawula amaxabiso engeniso yengeniso yelizwe. Kwaye amava ethu, kunye nehlabathi eliqinisekileyo, ukuba naziphi na iinzame zokubethelela amaxabiso ngokungekho mthethweni - iimpahla zinyamalala kwintengiso kwaye iba yintsilelo. Ukunyuka kwamaxabiso okungalawulekiyo kukhokelela ekuveliseni nasekufanelekeli kuzo iimpahla ngokungekho mthethweni.
Ngeli xesha, amava okusombulula ingxaki yokuqinisekisa ukubakho kokutya kwamaqela anengeniso ephantsi yehlabathi awazisile abo banobuchule emhlabeni. La ngamakhadi okutya afumana abemi abaphantsi. Ngokukhawuleza ndiqaphele ukuba le nkqubo ayinanto yakwenza nenkqubo yekhuphoni yokutya eqhelekileyo kwilizwe lethu.
Ilizwe lethu liye lazisa inkqubo yamakhadi egrocery kwindlala enkulu kunye nokunqongophala kokutya kweli lizwe. Yayiyinkqubo yokuhanjiswa kwenani elithile leemveliso phakathi kwabemi. Igqibe kwexabiso lokusetyenziswa kwezinto ezithile umntu ngamnye kwintsilelo ebukhali.
Abantu abadala babantu bayazi ixesha lokuhambisa iimveliso kwiimeko zentsika yabo yehlabathi. Masikhumbule la maxesha. Okokuqala ngqa kuboniwe ngo-1916, ngexesha lemfazwe yehlabathi yokuqala. Le nkqubo yaziswa emva kohlaziyo lukaFebruwari kwaye lalikho kude kube ngo-1921 - inguqu kumgaqo-nkqubo omtsha wezoqoqosho (i-NEP). Inkqubo yekhadi yabuyiselwa ngo-1929 kwaye yasebenza de kwangowe-1935, le yiminyaka yokuqhutywa yindlala ye-sthy kwinani lemimandla ye-USSR. Inkqubo yekhadi ibuyiselwe ngo-1941 ngexesha leMfazwe enkulu yeLizwe kwaye yarhoxiswa ngo-1947.
Okokugqibela inkqubo yokuhambisa yaziswa kwi-USSR ngo-1980s - emva koko kwavela iikhuphoni. Le yiminyaka yentsilelo yabantu. Ixesha elingaphezulu, iikhuphoni zaqala ukukhutshwa ekutyeni okuphambili - isonka, ityuwa, iswekile kunye neti. Yintsilelo ngokubanzi eyathatyathwa i-screnn in oven, eyakha saphanza ilizwe. Inkqubo yekhadi yaqala ukuhamba ekuqaleni kwe-90s kunye neekhuphoni zokugqibela zanyamalala kwi-gorinover ngo-1993.
Umntu othile ubonakala ngathi uyamangalisa, kodwa inkqubo yokutya yekhadi isebenze kangangesithuba seminyaka elikhulu kwilizwe elinesityebi kwilizwe longxowankulu - e-USA. Okokuqala ngqa kuboniwe ngo-1939 njengendlela awasabela ngayo uxinzelelo olukhulu. Kunye nokuphazamiseka kunye notshintsho olukhoyo ukuza kuthi ga ngoku.
Inkqubo yokuthengwa kwemveliso yemveliso (iSnap-iNkqubo yoNcedo lweSondlo) ligama elitsha lenkqubo yokupasa kwimveliso kwi-United States. Kuya kufuneka kuqatshelwe umahluko obalulekileyo kunye nolona nqanaba liphakathi kwenkqubo yaseMelika - inkqubo yoncedo lokutya yaseMelika aluzange lujolise ekuncedeni abalambileyo. Ngapha koko, ukususela oko inkqubo yekhadi ivela eUnited States yenzelwe ukuxhasa abavelisi beemveliso zezolimo, oko kukuthi, amafama. Intloko yokuqala yenkqubo ye-Milo Perkns yatsho ngokuthe ngqo ilizwe ukuba ilizwe lisabelana ngenzonzobila, kwelinye icala labalimi abaneemveliso ezigqithisileyo kwenye - abangaqondanga abahlali basezidolophini. Kuyimfuneko ukwakha ibhulorho ngale nzonzobila.
Ukusukela ngo-Okthobha ka-2016, ukutya okufumene abantu abangama-43,125,557 ukusuka kuma-21,328,525 amakhaya. Ixabiso eliphakathi lenzuzo yengeniso yenyanga yayiyi- $ 126.13, ikhaya - $ 256.93. Ayisipheleli kuthi thina, kodwa kwanabafuduki abasemthethweni ababehlala kwintsimi yelizwe angaphezulu kweminyaka emi-5 okanye babe nabantwana abadala, bangabalwa ukuba zizibonelelo.
Ukuxhaswa ngemali kwale nkqubo kuqhutywa ukuba yenye yezona ndlela zisebenzayo zohlahlo-lwabiwo mali lwe-Federal ukuphakamisa uqoqosho. Idola nganye, echithwe kuhlahlo-lwabiwo mali malunga ne-AIDS yeMveliso, ekugqibeleni ikhulise i-GNP yelizwe nge-1.7-1.8 yeedola. Inani labamkeli abazizizuzo lihlala litshintsha: liyanda ngexesha lentlekele kwaye iyancipha kwiminyaka yokukhula. Ngo-2013, kwasekwa irekhodi lembali. Ke iikhuphoni ze-76.1 yezigidi zeedola zifumene i-47.6 yezigidi zaseMelika.
Okwangoku, amakhadi etyala nge-elektroniki (amakhadi e-EBT) asetyenziswa endaweni yeekhuphoni. Amalungu enkqubo yoncedo lokutya anelungelo lokuthenga nayiphi na imveliso kwiivenkile ezisebenza kwiimephu ezinjalo. Izifundo zibonisa ukuba abantu baseMelika abathatha inxaxheba kwinkqubo ithatha ukutya okuthe tye kunye nokungafikeleli. Ukuphucula umgangatho wesondlo, abasemagunyeni baqalisa ukwehla ukutya okunempilo, ukuthenga imifuno kunye neziqhamo.
Inkqubo ye-snap kwiminyaka eliqela itsalele ingqalelo kubasemagunyeni baseRussia - okokuqala ukwazisa inkqubo yetikiti lokutya eRussia ngo-2014 kucetywa inkonzo yemveliso. Urhulumente wayethathela ingqalelo ukuba isindululo sibangela ukuba ubudlelwane obubi kunye nentsilelo yaseSoviet kwaye iya kubuyela kwi-USSR. Le nkqubo yaxoxwa, yachaza imihla ebekiweyo yokuqalisa, kodwa ilityelwe ngokukhuselekileyo. Kakhulu, abanakukwazi ukwaba imali eyimfuneko.
Ngo-Epreli 2020, iintloko zemveliso yenyama yesizwe, i-Russian Imanyano, iManyano yeSizwe yoMbutho weRussia kunye noMbutho oPhezulu weRussian Federation wathumela kwi Iprojekthi yeCandelo loMphathiswa wezoMzi-mveliso ukulungiselela ukuphunyezwa kwamakhadi egrocery. Ngokutsho koqikelelo lwababhali besibheno, amakhadi alingana namawaka ali-10 ruble ngenyanga uya kuba nakho ukufumana izigidi ezili-10 zaseRussia, ezingama-800 bhiliyoni ziya kufuneka zixhase iprojekthi ukuphela konyaka. NgoJanuwari ka-2021, kwigumbi likarhulumente leRussian Federation kwitafile ejikelezileyo "iqinisekisa ukuba ubukho bokutya kubabemi abahluphekayo 'baphinde baphakamise umcimbi wokwazisa izatifikethi zokutya. Imbono yokwazisa amakhadi eplastikhi eGrocery uqala ukufumana inkxaso kuluntu.
Kuyimfuneko ukuqonde ngokucacileyo ukuba le yinkxaso yamaqela anengeniso ephantsi yabemi. Injongo yale nkqubo kukubonelela ngokufikelela kwiimveliso ngaphandle kokunciphisa iindleko zabo, ngaphandle koxinzelelo lolawulo kwintengiso nabavelisi. Umcimbi wokuxhasa abavelisi beemveliso ayingowona msebenzi ubalulekileyo, kuba akukho siphelo okanye ukuveliswa kweemveliso. Nangona le nkqubo ithatha ukuba kungenzeka ukuba ufumane iimveliso zabavelisi basekhaya kuphela. Iingxowa-mali ezingenayo aziyi kuba nakho ukuthumela ezinye iimveliso ze-ostrature engaphandle. Ithuba lokufumana utywala kunye necuba livaliwe. Ngokutsho kweengcali, inkqubo enjalo inamathuba amakhulu okuphucula inqanaba kunye nomgangatho wobomi babahlali. Uncedo lokutya aluyingenisi, kodwa inkxaso yomntu kwimeko enzima yobomi.
Kwaye ngelixa kukho iimpikiswano kwiiofisi eziphakamileyo, sele zikuNovemba 2020, iiprojekthi zokulinga zokusetyenziswa kwezatifikethi zemveliso zifumene. NgoNovemba kwiMimandla ye-Rostov kunye neVeladimir, kunye ne-St. Kwaye nokuba iwaka le-ruble i-ruble ngenyanga idluliselwa kumakhadi, kodwa oku kunceda.
Ngokoluvo lwam, ukuphunyezwa kwenkqubo yekhadi legrocery kuya kubonelela ngokufikeleleka kubemi beemveliso zokutya ezibalulekileyo ekuhlaleni. Kwaye ke akuyi kubakho mbuzo wokuba "indlela yokuyeka ukunyuka kwamaxabiso ezimveliso." Amaxabiso anyukayo-Isiphumo esingenakufikelelwa kweenkqubo zoqoqosho zenjongo kwaye silawulwa ngeendlela zoqoqosho. Urhulumente uza kufuneka afunde iindlela zoqoqosho zommiselo wentengiso. Kodwa amahlwempu kufuneka axhaswe kwaye axhase.