Owu, hayi jikelele eli tyala-ukulwela uxolo kwihlabathi liphela. Ii-gests zifumana uluhlu kunye nezihloko zazo zempumelelo kwicandelo lomkhosi. Nangona kunjalo, ngokubanzi kwi-US Jerner Jeorge Marshall (1880-1959) yaba nguNyaka oMtsha weBhaso leNobel yeLizwe le-1953, umkhosi wokuqala, wanika imbasa eyodwa.
Kodwa izinto zokuqala kuqala. Omncinci uGeorge Marshall wayengafuni ukunceda utata wakhe kwishishini lentsapho elinempumelelo - urhwebo lwamalahle - kwaye wangena kwiziko lemikhosi yaseVidergin. Emva koko, uqeqesho kwiSikolo seNtshaya kunye neSikolo seCavalry kunye nakwikholeji yomkhosi.
Ukuthatha inxaxheba kwiphulo le-Philippine nakwimfazwe yehlabathi yokuqala, iminyaka emithathu yenkonzo njengento engekho mthethweni kunye nembali ngokubanzi yembali, kunye neminyaka engama-45, iya kumsebenzi wokufundisa, Kufanelekile ukukholelwa ukuba inxalenye yomsebenzi wakhe igqityiwe. Iminyaka eli-12 yomsebenzi kwiSikolo seMkhosi yaseMkhosini kwi-Form UkuHanjiswa (iGeorgia) yaqinisekisa igama lakhe njengento eyomeleleyo, kunye nokuzeyisa.
Akumangalisi ke ukuba bathi uqala ukuba uqala udumo, emva koko udumo luqala kuwe. Ngo-1936, uMarshall wabela isihloko se-brigade jikelele kwaye sithumele eWashington. Apha ukhokela iSebe leCwangciso loMphathiswa.
Ngomhla weMfazwe yesibini yeHlabathi, ngoSeptemba 1, 1939, iMarshall Marshall yaba yintloko yabasebenzi ngokubanzi, kwaye kungekudala saseSongela i-USE MOSEVELT imenza abe nesicwangciso sakhe kunye namaqhinga. I-Marshall ihamba kunye noMongameli kuyo yonke i-TRIPS, ithatha inxaxheba emsebenzini weenkomfa zamazwe, kubandakanya iTehran naseYalta.
I-Marshall Jerser Jikelele inoluhlu olubanzi lwemisebenzi: Ulungelelanisa ukuhanjiswa kwezixhobo kunye nokutya kwiRussia, ikhokelela kwiBritane, ekhokelela kwi-Bhritane, ekhokelela kwi-Evelan-Shiciel, ucwangcisa ukuya kumkhosi wasemhlabeni waseNortmy. I-Ossion "(1944) yeyeyona ntshukumo inkulu yembali eMbali, abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezi-3 abantu bathatha inxaxheba kuyo, waphawula ukuvulwa komphambili we-Europe.
Ngo-1947, iMarshall ifumana isimemo esisusela kwi-32 uMongameli wase-US wesiXeko saseTruman ukuze sithathe isikhundla soNobhala wombuso, ohambelana nesikhundla soMphathiswa wezangaphandle. UTruman unethemba lokuba amava amakhulu egorha lezizwe ezimbini zehlabathi kunye negama lakhe elihle liya kuba negalelo ekubuyiselweni kobudlelwane bamanye amazwe.
I-Marshall ithatha isigqibo sokwamkela isindululo, ngethemba lokuba, ukuba kwindawo ephezulu, iya kuba nakho ukutshintsha i-Mendityriots. Inyani yile yokuba i-Euphoria yakhe yemfazwe elawula eluntwini inomdla kakhulu kwaye umnqweno wokukhetha ukubandezeleka okuphelise iYurophu. Imkhumbuza ngemeko yemeko kwiminyaka engama-20 eyadlulayo, xa uNazem wayekwazile ukuza kumandla.
Imeko yaseYurophu isoyikisa ngokwenene: Zingama-55 ezigidi ezifileyo kwaye zimalunga nezigidi ezili-100 zabantu abakhubazekileyo, ezoliwe, idini lezigidi ezingama-500 leemitha ezingama-500 zedolophu, zinokuba njalo I-Diatozickise kuphela ngo-1978.
Ungayixhasa njani iYurophu? Iingcamango ezininzi zithetha ngalo mbandela, kodwa kuphela i-marshall ikwazile ukuqokelela iqela lezoqoqosho ezinetalente kwaye iphuhlise icebo elineenkcukacha zoncedo lwezoqoqosho ngexesha lokuhlawula irekhodi (inkqubo yokubuyisela eYurophu). Ngoku eyona nto ibalulekileyo yayikukuqinisekisa abantu baseYurophu, kwaye ngaphezu kwabo bonke abantu baseMelika, kwimfuno yokuqubeka esi sicwangciso ebomini.
Ukupapashwa kwesicwangciso seMarshall sasilungiselela njengomsebenzi wokwenene emkhosini. Ukuthintela ukuvuza ulwazi, wonke umsebenzi wenziwa kwimeko yemfihlo yenkcitho, oku ebengazi iSebe likaRhulumente, okanye uMongameli ngokwakhe. I-Marshall neqela lakhe, kunjalo, iqonde ngokugqibeleleyo ukuba iintshukumo "zentshutshiso" ezinokubangela ukuba zibe nazo zonke iimfuno zabo. Kodwa, ngokutsho kweJapan, isibindi ngokubanzi asinamajoni.
Meyi 5, 1947, Harvard. Ngolu suku, uMarshall wanikwa isidanga se-propural. Nangona kunjalo, endaweni yentetho yombulelo, zonke iintetho zakhe zemizuzu ezi-10 zinikelwe kwinkcazo yesicwangciso sokubuyisela kwimeko yesiqhelo. I-Europe iphakamise uncedo lwezemali, kwaye oorhulumente bamazwe olwamkelayo kufuneka bacwangcise ubungakanani kunye neendlela zokubuyisela kunye nokuphucula uqoqosho lwabo.
Incoko yeMarshall yenza isiphumo esikhulu, ubusuku, waba yinkanyezi yezopolitiko kwimisonto ye-hemispheres. UMongameli uTrumian wabhengeza ukuba isicwangciso seMarshall sisiqingatha sesibini se-nati 'kwimfundiso yakhe yokunyanzelwa kobuKomanisi ", kwaye wonke umphefumlo" we- ". ICongress yayinoloyiko lokuba ukuphuma okukhulu kwemali kuya konakalisa uqoqosho lwase-US.
Nangona kunjalo, isicwangciso seMarshall sasikude nesabele. Iibhiliyoni ezili-17 zeedola ziye zabalaselisa iYurophu yasimahla, kodwa ichithe ikakhulu eUnited States ekuthengweni kweenkonzo ezahlukeneyo kunye neenkonzo. Ngenxa yoko, imisebenzi emitsha yenziwa, uqoqosho lwavakala.
Kwinkomfa eParis (Julayi ngo-1947), apho kuxoxiwe kwikhonkrithi kwilungu ngalinye leKomiti yeKomiti yezoLimo yeKolo yezoqoqosho, kwaphuma igumbi leSoviet lilishiyile igumbi lokuhlangana. "Esi sisicwangciso esonganzisi ngokupheleleyo se-impiriyalizim yaseMelika," v. molotov. Ngokwemvelo, kuba imeko kuphela yokufumana uncedo ekubuyiseleni uqoqosho yayikukususwa kwamaKomanisi kurhulumente.
"Isicwangciso seMarshall" sithathwa njengeyona projekthi iphumelelayo yoncedo loqoqosho. Ngenxa yesangqa sokuhlangula, ishishini laseYurophu libuyiselwe ngokupheleleyo kwaye sele ligqithile kwi-1951 i-40% yamanqanaba emfazwe yangaphambi. Kwangelo xesha linye isiseko sexesha elizayo i-European Union yabekwa.
Umvuzo we-Nobel World unikezelwa ukusukela ngo-1901, kangangeminyaka eli-16 eyabelwanga ngokusilela kwabafakizicelo abafanelekileyo. Kwaye kuphela ebengakhange anikezwe ngezenzo zokwenyani, hayi kumzabalazo othile womsebenzi wehlabathi, kodwa ngenxa yezithembiso. I-Nobel Laure ka-2009 yaba nguMnumzana Barack Obama.
Umbhali-Isalathisi seJulia
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