AmaPersi angomnye wezinto ezinkulu nezinebali. Kumaxesha adlulileyo abantu bakwazile ukudala ubukhosi obunamandla, ophezu kwamanye amazwe ehlabathi. Elona nqanaba liphezulu lophuhliso loluntu lwasePersi avumelekileyo ukwakha inkcubeko yakhe, inkolo, itekhnoloji yezenzululwazi kunye nobunjineli, uninzi lokuhlala lusebenza unanamhla.
Phakathi kwamaPersi kwakukho uninzi lwabacinga kangako, izazinzulu, abantu be-ART. Namhlanje, aba bantu bagcina intlawulelo yabo, nangona utshintsho olukhulu lwenzeka kwisicwangciso senkcubeko. Abalibale ukuba kube nje ukuba ookhokho babo bakwazile ukudala ubukhosi obukhulu kwizizwe ezininzi. Abonakala njani amaPersi? Bakhule njani amandla abo? Kwaye i-Persia imbi nenamandla i-Persia yanyamalala phi?
Iimfihlo zamagama amaPersi
Okokuqala ngqa, ukukhankanywa kwamaPersi kufumaneka kumaxwebhu nogcino loMlawuli waseAsiriya weSalmanasar III. Bathetha ngommandla omncinci obekwe kumazantsi eLake Urmia, apho igama elithi "parsaua" liyasetyenziswa.
Kuba ezi ngxelo zithathwa ngenkulungwane ye-9 ukusukela kwixesha lethu, kunokucinga ukuba izizwe zasePersi ngokwazo zaqala inkqubo yokwenziwa kwayo kancinci. Emva kwexesha elithile, kwizicatshulwa zamandulo, i-Pars ye-Cors ye-Elnonym ebonakalayo ngokupheleleyo, isetyenziswa ngokunxulumene nabahlali kubantu abathetha i-Irania behlala i-Iranian Plateau.
Ithetha ukuthini eli gama? Ngokutsho kweLingaeles kunye nababhali-mbali, igama elithi "iiPake", zisetyenziswa kumagama amaPersi, angahlukaniswa nabantu abaziintloko, umzekelo, iParfyan).
Isiseko sala mazwi 'sisiseko esithi "I-PARS-", i-Asverb yakudala ithetha "yomelele", "Bocky". Mhlawumbi, amaPersi aye ahlulelwe ngumzimba omeleleyo, kutheni ezinye izizwe zibagqala ngawo amagorha okwenyani.
Ukwenza ubukhosi
Ekuqaleni, amaPersi ayengumxube onobuqhetseba kwezizwe. Ubume obufana bubumelwane buye bachukunyiswa luhlobo lwabo lobuzwe, kwaye intsimi yasePersi yayisembindini weendlela zorhwebo, ezithetha eminye yemixube yezizwe.
Kwimibhalo yakhe, umhambi wasePersi kunye nombhali-mbali uMastidi uphawule oku kulandelayo:
"Kukho iilwimi ezahlukeneyo, ezinjengePeklev, Dari, Azeri nakwezinye iilwimi zasePersi."Kwaye ukwahlukana kolwimi kuye kwagcinwa unanamhla, kuba amaPersi asisosizwe esinye, kodwa liqela labantu elivalileyo emoyeni, imvelaphi nenkcubeko yezizwe.
Imbali yasePersi inokwahlulwa yangamanqanaba aliqela, ngalinye laba linyathelo lenguqu ukuya kwinqanaba elitsha lophuhliso, ukutshintsha kakhulu inkcubeko kunye nabalimi basePersi. Esona siganeko sibalulekileyo sokusekwa kwabantu iba yindalo yekomkhulu, i-Persepole.
Kodwa yayilinyathelo lokuqala kuphela ngokwakhiwa kobukumkani bonke. Abalawuli basePersi baqonda ukuba kuphela koko kukuqiniswa kwezixeko kunye nemida yazo, uloyiso lunokufezekiswa kukwanda kwezinto zabo, ezazizisa kurhulumente.
AmaPersi amandulo-abalawuli behlabathi
Inkosi yaba ngumsunguli wendlu enkulu yase-Akethemenidov. Phawula amandla amandla asePersi, owasiba namandla ngaphezu komhla ngemihla, izizwe ezingabamelwane zifunga ekunyanisekeni kumlawuli, ukujoyina iPersi. Nangona kunjalo, ixesha lokwenene le heyday liqalisa amaPersi ngokufika kukaKira Great.
Kwinkulungwane ye-VI yenkulungwane ye-BC, ubukhosi basePersi buba yeyona nto inamandla yehlabathi, ukufikelela kwiindawo ezingazange zenziwa kwiMicimbi yasemkhosini, kunye nezopolitiko kunye nezoqoqosho. UKoreri omkhulu akazange adale ilizwe elikhulu lehlabathi labantu ababemanyene phantsi kwegunya lakhe.
Lo kumkani wayengabalulekanga kwaye enebhongo. Ngaphambi kokoyisa ngaphambi kwamagunya angafakwanga, wagqiba kwelokuba akwazi ukwakha imali entsha, iPastagada. Zonke iiprojekthi ze-kira zazisetyenziswa ngokupheleleyo kwesi sixeko, ezaba ngumhlobiso wokwenene womhlaba wamaPersi.
Ngokoluvo lwam, impumelelo ye-hike i-hirasch i-hiras kira kunye nokwanda kwemida yePersi kwakungekabikho kuphela kubuchule bamajoni. Ipolisi yenkosi ayisekelwanga ekucinezelweni, kodwa kulondolozo lweempawu zobuhlanga kunye nenkcubeko yabantu abayoyisa abantu.
Abantu abavela kwimimandla eyoyisiweyo abakhonzi, abazange bawathathe amazwe, kwaye iinkolelo kunye nezithethe zahlala zinjalo. Ngenxa yolu phawu, uKira ulawula ukoyisa iBhabheli, abo babengabemi bakujongwe nguKumkani wasePersi ngentlawulelo yabo. Kwanabantu abangamaJuda bahlala bethetha ngoKiru omkhulu njengoMesiya.
Ukunyamalala koBukhosi basePersi
Ukufa kukaKira kutyhilele amaPersi nabantu ababelahlukene nelizwe nabo, ekuphelisweni okunzulu. Nangona kunjalo, uDariyo waba ngumthumeli ofanelekileyo kwi-Tsar enkulu, eyayingena ibali njengemfazwe enobuchule, ubuchule abanetalente kunye nezopolitiko. EDeraria, umda woBukhosi basePersi ufikelela kwimida engathandekiyo-ukusuka eYiputa ukuya eIndiya.
Ilizwe elikhulu lalinxulunyaniswa neendlela ezahlukeneyo, ezolulekileyo ukusuka kwenye indawo ukuya kwenye. Nangona kunjalo, ibhodi yaseDariyo yayingengafikanga - ngelo xesha i-riots ivuthayo ivutha.
Uvuko oluninzi luchaphazela iAthens neKorinte, eyona mikhosi yayimanyanisi emanyanini. Ngaphandle kwamandla omkhosi wasePersi, wasilela ukwaphula amaGrike. Ukoyiswa kwemfazwe kule mfazwe yayikukwazi i-daria yokulandela, iKengxes.
UBukhosi basePersi buyahlula kwinkulungwane ye-IV kwiXesha lethu. Kanye kwiPersi enkulu, eyazichaza iimeko zayo kubantu abangabamelwane, yayiyeyisa. Ngoku uAlexander Maecedky wabonakala ekoyisi amaPersi. Nangona kunjalo, impembelelo yePersi kuyo yayiqinile kangangokuba umphathi odumileyo wavakalisa njengommeli wendlu ka-Aganisid.
AmaPersi-abantu abapasa indlela enomdla nenzima yembali. Kwanasekuqaleni kwenkulungwane edluleyo, iNtshona Iran ibizwa ngokuba yiPersi, kodwa kwintsimi yombuso ayisetyenziswanga.
Namhlanje, abameli babantu "kwiipari" okanye "Abafazi", njengoko abantu abazizigidi ezingama-40 baqwalaselwa, uninzi lo uhlala kwizixeko nakwiilali zase-Iran. Izizwe ezazikhe zabelwa imimandla yamazwe namazwe amaninzi, namhlanje zihlala emhlabeni, ezinokubizwa ngokuba yi-cradle yabantu basePersi.