Impumelelo yesayensi ngokwemigaqo yokufunda umhlaba kunye nendawo engaphandle ibonelela ngobungqina obuninzi obonisa ubume bayo bomjikelo. Ukuba kumphezulu weplanethi, ukuziva ngathi akunakwenzeka, kunye nenkqubo yokujikeleza engapheliyo. Kukuphi ukuphakama ngaphezulu komhlaba kufanele ukukhwela, ukuze ngamehlo akho ukuya kubona ibhaluni yakhe?
Uhlobo lomhlaba
Inkcazo yendlela yethu yeplanethi yethu ixhomekeke ekubeni isetyenziswa nguwuphi umxholo osetyenzisiweyo. Ngokwezimvo zale mihla, umhlaba unemilo ye-slerical, kwaye i-radius yayo iphakathi yi-6371.3 km. Le nguqulo ilungele ukugcina imisebenzi ekungafuneki kuyo, kuba enyanisweni umhlaba ayisiyo ibhola egqibeleleyo.
Kwiindawo ze-gedesy kunye ne-astronakics, amanye amagama asetyenziswa ukuchaza uhlobo lomhlaba (i-spheroid) neGeoid, ngokulandelelana. I-pherid inxulunyaniswa nenkqubo yokulungelelaniswa kwe-gedesic, esetyenziselwa ukumisela indawo yezinto ezisemhlabeni.
I-Geoid yifom yokuba umhlaba ungaba nawo, ugutyungelwe ngokupheleleyo ngamanzi olwandle kunye nefuthe lemizimba yasezulwini. Ngapha koko, indlela yeplanethi ihlala iphazamiseka kwi-geoid, nangona kunjalo, olo nkcazo lusetyenziswa kwinkqubo yokusebenza kwenkwenkwezi, ukuhambisa kunye nezinye iindawo. Ngokuphathelele umphezulu wegeoid, ukuphakama kuqhutywa ngaphezulu kwenqanaba lolwandle.
Inyaniso enomdla: Ngo-1956, uSamuel Scaceton wadala umbutho wenzululwazi ye-pseudo-yelizwe kumhlaba othe tyaba. Abaxhasi bakhe banyanzelisa umbono wokuba umhlaba obonakalayo ufana nediski yeflethi, kwaye nabuphi na ubungqina bokubuyiswa akuhambelani nenyani.
Kukuphi ukuphakama onokubona ukuba umhlaba ujikeleze?
Iingcinga zokuqala ezenziwa ngumhlaba, bekukho iintanda-bulumko zakudala zamaGrike kwinkulungwane ye-BC. e. Ngokukodwa, zichazwe kwiPythagora kunye neParmeno. Ukucinga okuchitha ixesha elininzi ukucinga ngesibhakabhaka sasebusuku, njengokuphela kwendlela ngelo xesha, indlela yokufunda indawo yayisetyenziswa, kwaye iindlela zokubala zejometri zasetyenziswa.
Baphawula ukuba isikhundla seenkwenkwezi esibhakabhakeni siyatshintsha. Ukuba iplanethi yayisicaba, emva koko ivela kulo naliphi na inqaku lomphezulu wayo kunokwenzeka ukuba libone iinkwenkwezi ezifanayo. Owona mzekelo ucacileyo yibhere enkulu, ekunokwenzeka ukuba yabona, ukuba ungaphantsi kwe-25º nangaphandle.
Enye into ebangela umdla iphawulwe ngu-Aristotle yi-enlipse yenyanga. Kuza xa iplanethi yethu iphakathi kwelanga kunye nenyanga, yivale ekukhanyeni. Kwangelo xesha, i-satellite ivela kwi-cone yesithunzi yehle emhlabeni. Ubume bemigca engqongileyo buwela enyangeni.
Ukubona ngamehlo akho ngomhlaba we-ferific, kufuneka uvuke ekuphakameni okuthile. Iimpawu zokuqala zefom yokujikeleza inokubonwa ngokuba ngaphezulu kwentaba ephezulu (malunga ne-6000 m). Ngokucacileyo, i-horizon iza kubonakala ngathi igudileyo. Nangona kunjalo, ifoto ethathiweyo kumgangatho onjalo iya kunceda ukubona imiqondiso emincinci-kwanele ukuzama ukudibanisa umgca we-horizon ngomgca othe ngqo.
Ngokwezifundo ezenziweyo, i-curve yomhlaba ibonakala kwindawo engaphezulu kwe-10,000 m. Kodwa kwangaxeshanye, umbukeli kufuneka abe nesishwankathelo esingama-60. Ngelishwa, ukuhlala kwindiza yabakhweli, enyuka ngokomndilili wokuphakama okunjalo, akunikezeli uphononongo olwaneleyo. Ukwenzela ukuba uninzi lubone imeko yeplanethi, iyimfuneko ukubhabha i-18 ukuya kwi-20 km ngaphezulu komphezulu.
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