Chimwe chezvinhu zvakakosha kuti ubatsire, kuchengetedza nyika yavo, pane imwe chombo, chingwa chinosara - moyo hupenyu. Chisimbiso chakajeka cheizvi ndiro huru yehondo yehondo.
Makore mazhinji apfuura uye kuchave nemamwe mazhinji, mabhuku matsva ehondo zvichange zvakanyorwa, asi, kudzokera kune iyi nyaya, ivo vanobvunza chaizvo mubvunzo wekusingaperi: Nei Russia yakaramba mupendero wegomba rakadzika-dzika uye dzakakunda? Chii chakamubatsira kuti auye kukunda kukuru?
Kukosha kwakakodzera muvanhu ava vakapa mauto edu, varwi, vagari vekwavakabatikana uye vanovharidzira nzvimbo, kunyanya chingwa uye chingwa chezvingwa.
Pasinei nematambudziko makuru, nyika muna 1941-1945. Yakapa uto uye vashandi vedare rechingwa, dzimwe nguva vachigadzirisa zvinhu zvakaoma zvakabatana zvine chekuita nekushomeka kwezvinhu zvisina kugadzirwa uye zvivakwa zvekugadzira.
Nezvingwa zvekubheka, zvivakwa zvekugadzira zvaiwanzoshandiswa uye mabiki, izvo zvaive zvakananga kuwanda uye munyu. Mirayiridzo yemasangano emauto yakaitwa pane yekutanga, kunyanya sezvo chingwa chakabikwa zvishoma, uye simba raiwanzo sununguka.
Nekudaro, kunze kwaitika. Saka, muna 1941, zviwanikwa zvemunharaunda zvakatarisana nezvitungamiri zveRzhivan zviri kushomeka, uye kufukidzwa kwechingwa kubva kumashure kwaive kwakaoma. Kugadzirisa dambudziko reiyo Intensduct Services, vakakurudzira kutora mukana wechiitiko chekare chekugadzira zvipfuva zvekunze kubva pazvinhu zvinodhura - ivhu uye zvidhinha.
Zvechivharo chevira, ivhu revhu raidiwa nehosha yejecha uye chikuva neyakaderera kana kudzika kwemakumi manomwe. Choto chakadaro chinowanzovakwa mumaawa masere, ipapo maawa 8-10 akaomeswa, mushure mezvo chaive chakagadzirira kubhuroka kusvika pamakumi maviri nemakumi mana emamendi ekuchinja kwe5.
Pamberi-seChingwa 1941-1943.
Muna 1941, mavambo aigara pedyo neVerkhoviya volga. Pasi pebhangi reruzi rerwizi rakapfungaira makicheni epasi, Sunrot aive akawanikwa. Pano, mumwedzi yekutanga yehondo, pasi rakagadzirwa (ivo vainyanya kuiswa muvhu) mabhodhi emabhoti. Idzi zvipomwa dzaive marudzi matatu: akajairwa ivhu; yakatsamwa mudenga revhu; Yakarongedzwa nezvidhinha. Ivo vaive vakabikwa vakasarudzika uye saizi. Kwakanga kuchikwanisika, ma oveni akagadzirwa nevhu kana zvidhinha. Chingwa cheMberi-Line Moscow Bakes paBakeries uye mu Stationary Bakeries.
Vatambi vehondo dzehondo dzeMoscow vakaudzwa kuti mubatiri, mutungamiriri akagovera nevarwi nechingwa chinopisa, chakaunza chikepe (saSani, chete pasina chidimbu), kuchengeta imbwa. Iye mukuru wemberi aive nekukurumidza, girini, bhuruu, yebhuruu, yepepuru matechi akatsvaira pamusoro pemupara. Minizi yakamhanyisa padyo. Varwi, ku "ambulensi" vakaedza chingwa uye vachitora netii, vakagadzirira kurwazve ...
Nhengo yeRzhevskaya OistE application v.a. Sukhustavsky akarangarira achiti: "Mushure mekurwira kunotyisa, isu tiri chikamu chedu muchirimo cha1942 chakaendeswa kumusha weKapkovo. Kunyangwe musha uyu waibviswa kubva kuhondo, asi nyaya yekudya yakaiswa isina kusimba. Zvekudya, isu takaruka soup, uye vakadzi vorushi vakaunza chingwa cheRhhevsky, vakabikwa kubva pamatata uye bran. Kubva nhasi, takazorora. "
Rzhevsky chingwa chakagadzirirwa sei? Mbatatisi dzakabikwa, dzakacheneswa, dzinopfuura nepakati pe nyama grinder. Vakaradzika misa pabhodhi, vakabatwa, vakadzorerwa. Brobhandi, munyu, unokurumidza kupfugama mukanyiwa uye uiise mumafomu ereyiwa akaiswa muchoto.
Chingwa "Sistrad"
Muhondo huru yemuchadenga, chingwa chakakosheswa pane imwe ndima ine zvombo zvevarombo. Aive asipo. Paive nehweha mashoma furawa, uye hupfu hwebhari hwaishandiswa zvakanyanya kana achibheka chingwa kune varwi veStlyrad pamberi peturu. Kunyanya kunonaka nekushandiswa kwefurawa yebhari yakawanikwa chingwa mativi akagadzirirwa paZakvask. Saka, chi chingwa cheRye, icho chaive ne30% yefurawa yebhari, yainge isina kuderera mumhando chaiyo rzhan. Kugadzirira kwesunungurwa chingwa cheupfu nehurongwa hwekushambadzira kwebhari kwakakura shanduko mune yehunyanzvi maitiro haana kuda. Mukanyiwa nekuwedzera kwefurawa yebhari yaive imwe dense uye yakamhanyisa kwenguva yakareba.
"Blocade" chingwa
MunaJuly-Gunyana 1941, mauto eFascist akauya kuzoputika kweLenntior uye Ladoga Lake, kutora mamiriyoni emamiriyoni emamiriyoni mumhete yekuvhara. Pasinei nekutambura uku kwakaratidza zvishamiso zveushingi, ushingi, kuda marara. Blocade Leningrad aive asina kusarudzika. Kuve nechokwadi chekuti mauto uye huwandu hweguta mumabiki, kugadzirwa kwechingwa kubva kuzvimisikidzwa zvakarongeka kwakarongeka, uye vakati vapera, hupfu hwakatanga kuendesa kuLeningrad pa "mugwagwa woupenyu".
A.n. Yukhnevich - Mushandi wekare weLeningrad Bakery - Akaudzwa muMoscow Chikoro keke, furawa nemidziyo uye pasi, mheremello mhereta, sindano. Chaizvoizvo 125 g iyero yezuva nezuva yeyeuchvene dema block block chingwa.
Chingwa chakaringana nzvimbo
Huwandu hwevanhu vemunharaunda dzinogara dzakapukunyuka uye vane nzara, hazvibviri kunzwa nekuverenga pasina misodzi. Zvikafu zvese muvanhu zvakatora vaFascist, vakahwanda kuGermany. Amai veUkraine, amai vekuRussia naBarususanian vakatambura kubva pachavo, asi zvakanyanya - vachiona kutambudzwa kwevana vavo, hama dzine nzara uye dzine chirwere, mauto akakuvadzwa.
Zvavaigara, vakadya - kunze kwekunzwisisa kwezvizvarwa zvazvino. Imwe neimwe yekurarama, twig ine zviyo, Husks kubva kumiriwo yechando, marara uye kuchenesa - zvese zvakapinda mubhizinesi. Uye kazhinji kazhinji kunyange zvidiki zvidiki zvakawanikwa nemutengo wehupenyu hwevanhu. Muzvipatara zviri munharaunda dzinogarwa nevaGerman, varwi vakakuvadzwa vakapihwa miviri yemamita prelet pordges pazuva (chingwa chaive chisiri). Yakabika "grout" kubva kuupfu - soup muchimiro chejee. Soup kubva pea kana bhari yevanhu vane nzara yaive yezororo. Asi chinhu chakanyanya kukosha - vanhu vakarasikirwa nezvavaigara uye kunyanya kwavari vanodiwa chingwa. Iko hakuna matanho ekunyimwa uku, uye ndangariro dzadzo dzinofanira kugara mukurudziro yevazukuru.
"Chingwa" chemisasa yevasungwa yeFascist
Kubva pane ndangariro dzevaimbove vatori vechikamu muAnti-Fascist kuramba, munhu akaremara weboka D.I. Ivanishcheva kubva kuNovozyBkov Dunhu: "Chingwa chehondo hachina kuzosiya chero munhu asina hanya kune chero munhu, kunyanya akanyatsonwa nehondo - nzara, kutonhora, kudheerera.
Ndakanga ndine kuda kwemhedzisiro yaifanira kupfuudza makamuri mazhinji eHitler nemisasa yevasungwa. Isu tinopedziswa nemisasa yevasungwa, ziva mutengo wechingwa uye ugomerwa kwaari. Saka ndakafunga kuudza chimwe chinhu nezve chingwa chevasungwa vehondo. Chokwadi ndechekuti vaNazi vakabikwa kune vasungwa veRussia vehondo yakakosha pane yakasarudzika yekubheka.
Akanzi "Austen-Brd-Brd" uye akabvumidzwa nehumwe hushumiro hwezvinhu zvekudya zvekudya mukudzokorora (Germany) musi waDecember 21, 1941 "chete veRussia chete.
Heino his his his: Svure beets is 40%, Bran - 30%, huni, cellulose hupfu kubva kumashizha kana mapoka evasungwa haana kupihwa kuvasungwa vehondo neyechingwa "chakadai.
Kumashure uye kumberi chingwa
Pamirairo yehurumende, kugadzirwa kwechingwa chehuwandu hwacho kwakagadzwa mumamiriro ezvinhu ekutsikirira kukuru kwezvinhu zvisina kugadzirwa. Iyo Moscow Technological Institute yeindasitiri yechikafu yakagadzira nzira yekubika kwekushandira, izvo zvakadaira, mirairo, mirairo, mirairo, mirairo, mirairo yakataurwa kumisoro yekuvhiringidza. Pasi pemamiriro ezvinhu asina kukwana zvivakwa, mbatatisi uye zvimwe zvinopesana zvakashandiswa zvakanyanya kana vachibheka chingwa.
Kumberi-mutsara chingwa kazhinji chakabikwa mudenga rakavhurika. Murwi weboka remugodhi weDonbass I. Sergeev akati: "Ndichataura nezve muhondo yehondo. Chingwa chaive 80% yesimba rakazara rekurwa. Neimwe nzira kwaive kukosha kupa masherufu chingwa kwemaawa mana. Vakatyaira kuenda kuchando, vakacheneswa chando chakadzama uye pakarepo, pakati pechando, vira rakapetwa paruvanze. Vafashika, vakaomesa uye vakabika chingwa.
Yakaoma inopenya vobla
Kudya kwakadya sei. Kwatiri, iyi hove inoitirwa doro. Voblu (nekuda kwechimwe chikonzero, taran yakanzi), yakapihwawo pamakadhi. Akaremerwa kwazvo uye akanyanyisa. Ndakaisa hove dzisina kuchenesa mune saucepan, akadururwa mvura yekubikira, yakavharwa ne lid. Hove dzaifanirwa kumira kusvika pakutonhora kwakazara. (Zvichida, zviri nani kuita kubva manheru, asi hazvina kukwana moyo murefu.) Ipapo mbatatisi yakabikwa, yakawana hove, yakapfava, yakapfava uye isina munyu. Bhururuka uye spruce nembatatisi.
Pea soup
Kubva madekwana vakadurura mapundu mumubhebhi nemvura. Dzimwe nguva peas yakadururwa pamwe neparera yemapere. Zuva rakatevera racho, Peas akadanidzira mumauto-munda kicheni uye akabikwa. Peas pavakabikwa, hanyanisi uye karoti vakabayiwa muSAUCEPan pamafuta. Dai pakanga pasina mukana wekuita roaster, rara pasi saizvozvo. Pea yakagadzirirwa, mbatatisi yakawedzerwa, mutambi akaradzikwa uye kuti chizi chakaradzikwa.
"Makalovka"
Option nhamba 1 (Yakakwana) Yakaomeswa Stew yaive yakanyanya kutemwa kana kupunzika, hanyanisi yakamiswa mupani (kana iwe uchigona kuwedzera karoti), mushure mezvo pakanga paine stew, mvura shoma yakawedzerwa kune bota. Chikafu chakadai: Nyama uye "vafudzi" vakakamurwa nehuwandu hwevatengi, uye vakatendeuka vakatendeuka zviuru zvezvingwa, saka ndiro iridaidzwa kuti.
Sarudzo yemasarudzo 2blies mafuta kana mafuta emafuta, akawedzerwa kune yakaomeswa hanyanisi (sekutanga kwekutaurisa), yakaiswa nemvura, yakaunzwa kune bota. Kushhal zvakare sekusarudza 1 sarudzo.
Vana veHondo
Hondo yaive nehasha, neropa. Gomo rasvika kumba kwese uye mhuri yega yega. Vanababa vasiya kumberi, hama, uye vana vakasara vari voga, vanogovaniswa nendangariro dzeA.Sdina. - "Mumazuva ekutanga ehondo yavakakwana chikafu. Uyezve, pamwe naamai, vakafamba vachipfavha, mbatatisi dzakaora, kune imwe nzira chikafu. Uye vakomana vakanyanyisa kumira kubva kumachina. Ivo havana kuwana muchina kubata uye kutsiva mabhokisi. Maawa makumi maviri nemana pazuva zvakaitwa nawo magezi. Dzimwe nguva uye ndakarara husiku pamabhokisi aya. "
Vana vehondo vakakurumidza kukurudzirwa uye vakatanga kusabatsira vasingabereki chete, asiwo kumberi. Vakadzi vakasara vasina varume, vese vakaita zvese kumberi: yakarukwa mittens, akasonera underwear. Usatenderedza shure kwavo nevana. Vakatumira mapasuru mavo akaiswa mari, achitaura nezve hupenyu hune rugare, pepa, mapenzura. Uye apo musoja akagamuchira parcel yakadaro kubva kuvana, akachema ... asi zvakamunyomba: Mauto ane simba rakapetwa akafamba muhondo, kurova vaFascist vakatora mwana kurwisa.
Aimbove musoro weChikoro №2 V.S. Bolotski akaudza kuti vakaburitswa sei pakutanga kwehondo. MuEzvarimi wekutanga, haana kuwana nevabereki vake. Gare gare munhu wese akadzidza kuti akabva bhomba. Nechipiri Echolon, mhuri iyi yakadzingwa muUdmirtia "hupenyu hwevana vakaburitswa hwaive hwakaoma uye hwakaoma.
Kana vagari vacho vachiri nechimwe chinhu, taidya mapedhiyo nemawdress, "akadaro Valentina Sergeevna. Akataura kuti anofarirwa sei mundiro yehondo yaive: mumvura inovira, vakatanga mutongi anoonga mbatatisi. Iyi yaive yummy yakadaro! "
Uye zvakare nezvevarwi zvevarwi, chikafu uye zviroto .... Ndangariro dzeVeterans dzeHondo yeHarriotic yehondo:
G. Kuznetssov: "Pandakasvika muna Chikunguru 15, 1941 muGudion 15, saka Babamunini Vanya, kupfuura tafura yakapfurwa kubva mubedhi, mudondo, akandipa mukiti yese yeBuckwheat porridge neSalom. Haana kudya chero chinhu chinonaka
I.Shilo: "Muhondo, ndaigara ndichirota nezve izvo zvakakurudzirwa nechingwa chakasviba: Ipapo aigara achiripo. Uye zvimwe zvido zviviri zvido zvaive: kudziya (muSinelka's Sinelka padhuze nepfuti pakanga paine ruzha rwechokwadi) hongu kurara "
V.shshddin, sachigaro webhodhi rehondo yechipiri yenyika: "Kubva kuFront-Line Cuisine icharamba iri nguva mbiri dzinonaka: Buckwheat porridge ne stew uye pasita mu but."
Munguva yehondo, nzara yacho payakajairwa rufu uye chiroto chisirizvo chekurota, uye chisingakwanisi kuratidzwa mumharidzo yanhasi zvinogona kushandira chimedu chechingwa, girazi rebhari rekudya kana, semuenzaniso, zai rehuku, chikafu kazhinji kazhinji zvakaenzana nehupenyu hwevanhu uye kukosheswa pane imwe ndima ine zvombo zvemarita ...