Chimwe chezvinodiwa cheBlogna system, ndidzo kuRussia yakabatana ne2003 - mhando yemhando mbiri yedzidzo yepamusoro, inoenderana nenzvimbo imwechete yeEurope: Undergraduate uye magistracy. Mazinga matsva ekuumbwa ari kusiya zvakaipa uye kukonzera kusava nechokwadi nezve degree rekugadzirira. Ngationgororei zvakadzama kufanana uye mutsauko mumasisitimu aya.
Asi kutanga, ngazvirege kumboziva pfungwa inozivikanwa ye "nyanzvi", iyo yakadzika midzi mukuziva kwevashandirwi vanoda kuwana "chigadzirwa chakapedzwa", chinogona kupihwa nenzvimbo yakatarwa yebasa, mukati zvinoenderana nehunyanzvi.
Nyanzvi (Specialty)
Iye zvino tinogona kutaura nezvenyanzvi munguva yakapfuura, nekuti kurongana kwedzidzo yepamusoro muRussia kwakadzosera nhanho iyi yekudzidziswa "mumashure emisangano".
Muhurongwa hweSoviet, mayunivhesiti akaita basa rinotungamira mukugadzirira chimiro chimiro chimiro. Zvirongwa zvaiwanzoitwa zvakavandudzwa, ivo vakaratidza zvazvino zvazvino zvesainzi, uye kazhinji kukura kweimwe yehumwe hunyanzvi kwakava hwaro hwesangano reInstitute yeiyo yakabatana mbiri.
Mudzidzi weYunivhesiti, kunze kwekurayira kwakasarudzika, akawana ruzivo rwakakosha kwenzvimbo yakakodzera iyo yakapa mukana webasa mune indasitiri yakakodzera uye / kana kuita zviitiko zvesainzi.
Chero ani aigona kupinda muYunivhesiti mushure mekubudirira kwekupaza kwemuromo uye zvakanyorwa uye makwikwi ezvitupa kana madiploma zvikoro zvehunyanzvi. Akazara-nguva vadzidzi, akabva apedza kupera kuyunivhesiti, akaenda kubasa - basa mune hunyanzvi, pamwe nekudzidziswa kwemahara, akavimbiswa neHurumende.
Mukufanana, mudzidzi aive nemukana wekushandisa imwe nyanzvi yehunyanzvi, kubva makosi matatu ekutanga aaidzidza kuranga kwakakosha munzira yakasarudzwa. Iyo sisitimu inobvumirwa nyore nyore kugadzirira iyo nhamba yepamoyo nyanzvi. Dzidziso dzekutaurirana muyunivhesiti yega yega yaive: MaStacial Sayenzi, general ngozi (nheyo dzenhau), nzira dzakakosha, dzimwe nzira, pamwe nedzidzo yemuviri. Panyika mayunivhesiti, pakanga paine madhipatimendi echiuto. Vanopedza kudzidza veSoviet mayunivhesiti, kunze kwehunyanzvi, vakagamuchira iyo inodiwa yekuziva yekuwedzera kukura uye kuzvidzivirira, kubudirira kwavo, kana kuvakwa kwebasa mune zvivakwa zvemaitiro.
Kudzidziswa Muruziyuni kwakapfuurira kwemakore 5-6, zvichienderana neyakaoma uye kuomarara kwekugadzirira. Kutanga ne 3-4 makosi, vadzidzi vakagadzirira kosi pane yakasarudzwa kurangwa (hunyanzvi), inosanganisira chikamu chedzidziso uye chinoshanda, uye mugore rapfuura - izvo zvavaibvumidzwa kupa kupedza kudzidza nyika. Iyo thesis inogona kuve kuenderera mberi kwezvinhu zvekutsvagisa muChikoro chedzidzo, zvinhu zvake zvaive zvakadzikira pachiremba dissertation kana akapedza kudzidza basa resainzi.
Chikamu chakatsiga chekudzidziswa chakavapo mumasangano - pane imwe yehunyanzvi hwenhamba: Iko kusarudzwa kwehunyanzvi kwaive kushoma nezvakakodzera zvinodiwa. Yechipiri dzidzo yepamusoro inogona kuwanikwa muAkushanda. Vadzidzi veiyo tsamba yekunyorerana yekudzidzira kudzidza uye nzira yebasa haina kugamuchira. Kazhinji, vashandi vepamberi vakatumirwa kuti vadzidze kubva kune Enterprise: Saka manejimendi manejimendi anoumbwa.
Unhu hweSoviet High School School hwakavimbiswa kusarudzwa kwakakwana kwevanyoreri kusununguka, kukurudzira kwavo, kudzidza zviyero zvakakosha mukubatanidzwa nemaitiro ekugadzira.
Bachelor uye magista
Kutanga, nezve misiyano yakakosha yekudzidziswa muWestern chikoro chepamusoro, iyo yakaumbwa mumamiriro ezvinhu evanhu akagadzirwa capitalist nzanga.
Kumadokero, dzidzo yepamusoro - prerogative yezvikamu zvakachengetedzwa zvevagari. Naizvozvo, iyo system, kusanganisira bologna, yakaumbwa pasi pebhizinesi. Dzidzo yepamusoro yekune dzimwe nyika inopa iyo inodiwa huwandu hwevashandi vanokwanisa, vane hushoma hunodiwa huwandu hwemakwikwi uye hunyanzvi hwekuita zvakananga mabasa ehunyanzvi.
Naizvozvo, izwi rekufunda mumayunivhesiti emadokero, semutemo, haazopfuuri makore anopfuura mana, uye pakupera kweye akapedza kudzidza anopihwa degree rekudzidza reBachelor. Chirongwa chekudzidziswa chakakamurwa zvine simba kuita matanho matatu. Pakati peino nguva, mukati memakore maviri ekutanga, zvisinei neyechinongedzo chakasarudzwa, vadzidzi vanoongorora zvakajairika, uyezve chinyorwa. Makore maviri anotevera okudzidza kwerudzi rwehunyanzvi hwenhamba dzakasarudzika, zvakanyanya - yavo yega, zvikamu zvakakosha. Mune runyorwa rwezvidzidzo zvedzidzo - zvinosungirwa uye dzimwe nzira (dzidzidziso (dzakadzidzwa kubva pagore rekutanga). Kwemamwe 3-4 vadzidzi, vadzidzi vematunhu ekunze vanodzidziswa maererano nechirongwa chega, icho chinokweverwa pamusoro pehunhu hwekuda kwemudzidzi uye kugona kwayo kwemari (kurangwa kwega kwega (chimwe nechimwe chirango chakarongwa chinobhadharwa pachiyero chakasiyana).
Dzidzo uye maitiro ekugadzira uye maitiro edzidziso haina kupihwa, asi vadzidzi, kana zvichidikanwa, vanogona kuiisa pahwaro hwe "basa rekushandira pamwe". Izvi zvinoreva kuti kudzidziswa kwemudzidzi kusungirwawo kubhadhara. Mune ino kesi, nguva yekudzidziswa inotambanudzwa kusvika pamakore mashanu, kana anopfuura makore mana, nekuda kwekudzikiswa kwakakura mumazororo ezhizha.
Kana iwe ukaenzanisa iyo bologna system neSoviet, iyo nhanho yeRuzivo yeBachel inoenderana neyakaenzana nehuwandu hwe3-4 nyanzvi (kureva kuti nyanzvi yedzidzo yepamusoro). Zvakare, zviwanikwa zveBachelor zvakaenzana nezivo yeiyo kudzidza kwechikoro chehunyanzvi kana koreji, kunyangwe iyo yekupedzisira inogashira zvakanaka.
Chikamu chekupedzisira chekudzidza iyekudzidziswa kwemakore maviri nebasa remugove wokudzidzira maitiro zvakaenzana neye akapedza kudzidza agamuchira hunyanzvi hweSoviet University.
Kana kudzidziswa mumagariro, vadzidzi vakakamurwa kuva mapoka matatu akajairwa:
- "Nguva dzose" vadzidzi - zvakanangana nekuteerera iyo izere kosi uye kuwana degree raTenzi;
- "Mamiriro ezvinhu" ane zvikwereti zvezvedzidzo zvisingavatenderi kuti vazivikanwe kumutambo wekubvisa kwakazara kwe "miswe";
- "Vadzidzi vanokosha" havasi kutaura degree raTenzi, asi ndiani anoda kuwana ruzivo rwechimwe cheimwe yerudzi.
Mukudzidzira kudzidziswa mumagariro, mudzidzi "anokwenenzvera kune wezano", kana manejimendi, uyo munhu anodzvanywa anokwezverwa kuti agadziriswe nekudzivirirwa (kana chirongwa).
Iyo magistracy inopera nekupfuura bvunzo, pamwe neunyanzvi. Chinangwa chake ndechekushandisa hunyanzvi hwakatetepa. Vanopedza kudzidza Tenzi, sekutonga, rambai vachiita zviitiko zvekutsvagisa.
Mhedziso
Dzidzo yepamusoro kumadokero inotarisana nekuvandudzwa kwakazvimirira kwezivo. Nhamba yehurukuro yakaderera zvakanyanya pane iyo yakapihwa muSoviet High School. Naizvozvo, kudzika kwezivo kwakawana uye zvirongwa zvega zvakasarudzwa nevadzidzi zvinokonzeresa kusava nechokwadi sekudzidziswa kwenyanzvi.
Uye zvakare, iyo bologs system, zvakanyanya kumisikidza yakazvimirira kudzidziswa kwevadzidzi, haina hukama nezvirongwa zvakawanda zvekudzidzisa muzvikoro zveRussia, nekuti chinzvimbo chikuru mukugadzirira kwevana vechikoro mukati mavo chinopihwa kumudzidzisi.
Nekuda kwekupinda kweBlogna System kune nzvimbo yeRussia yekudzidzisa, vamwe vatungamiriri kubva kujekesa vanopa dzidzo yechikoro, vachipa vana rusununguko zvakanyanya mukudzidziswa, kana chikamu chebasa remudzidzisi kuti chienderere mberi nevabereki vavo.
Panyaya iyi, mibvunzo inomuka: Vabereki, mune ino nyaya, kuti vadzidziswe zvakanyanya paPedagogy, psychology uye nzira dzekudzidzisa? Nei uchizoda chikoro kana mhuri imwe neimwe ichazova nayo mudzidzisi wavo? Mubvunzo kupa vana rusununguko, zvichida, haagoni akabvunza: ichi anopesana nemafungiro edu - wokutanga, uye, chepiri vana kuchikoro zera kashoma kuziva basa zvizere sezvo zivo inokosha mune ramangwana.