"Mukukosha, marudzi ese ari kukanganisa, asi mamwe acho anobatsira." Aya mazwi eGeorge bhokisi, nyanzvi yeBritain yeBritistics nyanzvi, inobatsira chaizvo kuti ichengete mumusoro nevose vaine manejimendi.
Mutsara "zvakanakisa maitiro ehurumende yekambani" (LPD) yave chitambi chebhizinesi lexicon. Kazhinji kazhinji zvinoita kunge chishandiso chakasikwa kune ese makambani. Asi kumakambani eruzhinji uye asiri-eruzhinji, kutonga kambani kwakabatana kwezvisikwa zvakasiyana.
Kuitira kuti varege kupomerwa mhosva yekusaitira hanyaKwemakambani eRussia eRussia, kuenderana kweiyo seti yezvikamu zveLPD, yakaumbwa muWestern Bhizinesi Zviitiko uye Zvekumanikidza, ndezvekugona kukosha. Kuumbwa kweiyi seti inotsanangurwa zvakadzama muCorporate kutonga kodhi yebhangi reRussia. Kutungamira Global Portfolio vanoisa mari vari kuteerera kuvapo kwehunhu hweLPD hunhu.
Kuvapo kweWestern portfolio vaiverengerisa mumusika weRussia kwemari kwakaderedzwa. Iyo inoramba inonyanya kupfupika-yenguva, yakagadzirira-kune-yakakwirira-yakakwirira njodzi - mukutsinhana gohwo rakakura. Pachagara paine Western portfolio vanoisa mari, vane makaro avo vanodzoreredza kutya. Asi kunyange zvakanyanyisa portfolio vesi vaimisa vasingakwanisi kufuratira kushaiwa mhosva mune avo vanodyara navo. Kana vakaenda kwazviri uye vounza kurasikirwa kwakakosha, izvo zvinorehwa nekuregererwa kwemhosva kuchaitwa pamusoro pavo. Naizvozvo, vanogara vachiteerera pane ichi chinhu. Vatongi vekumadokero vanoratidza zvakawanda uye zvakaringana uye mazano ePCPs emakambani everuzhinji, uye maneja emari ekudyara anomanikidzwa kufunga izvi. Saizvozvo, hushoma hushoma hwehunhu hweLPD kwavanoteerera zvavanenge vachikura.
Munzira yakatarisanaKudzika kwekuziva kweiyo tsika chaiyo yeratidziro yemakambani eRussia yeRussia nePortfolio neyekufunga nezvemhedziso dzemari dzekudyara dzevasina-etinakov. Zvinoenderana nezvinhu zvakaita semusika wemusika, kuwanikwa kwezvinhu zvakasiyana, mukana wekutsigira kukuru kubva kuHurumende.
Asi kutarisa kune LPD ichagara ichiripo, uye zvinodiwa kuti zvive zvekushandisa zvaro zvichakura. Aya mazwi anogona kurira senge kutaura kwemutungamiriri wechikoro pamutsetse. Asi mamiriro acho ezvinhu akadaro.
Ko iyo yazvino seti yezvikamu zveLPD mumakambani eRussia yeRussia ngaave akafanana nezvinhu zveWestern? Zviripachena, kwete. Asi zvikasadaro haugone. Misiyano iyi inobuda mune zvakawanda zvinhu, iyo inonyanya kukosha ndeye iyo misiyano iri muchimiro chekugovana capital uye tsika yemagariro. Misiyano yakafanana iripo pakati pemakambani eruzhinji emadokero uye huwandu hwakawanda hwemakambani everuzhinji mune dzimwe nyika nemisika inobuda. Asi mazhinji enyika inotungamira nemisika inobuda, bhizinesi rinotungamira mukukura kwekukwirisa (zvese zvemari uye zvehupfumi uye zvemagariro) kuti uwedzere kuwanda kweiyo degree ravo rekuita.
MuRussia, iyi nharaunda ichakurumidza kubuda mune yakatarisana. "Nziyo dzekare nezve chinhu chikuru" chiri kuwedzera kutemwa nenzvimbo yebhizinesi. Chinhu chikuru ikozvino chemakambani eRussia ndechekuti chengetedza mwero wekuteerera neLPD zviyero zvechikamu chikuru cheGlobal Consfolio, kwete kurasikirwa nechiitiko chakaunganidzwa mumunda wehurumende yekudyidzana. Iyo Capitalation capitalization yemakambani aya yakatemwa kwete chete nemamiriro ebhizinesi ravo, asi zvakare manzwiro anokonzerwa nevanoisa mari. Uye iyo yekupedzisira iri yakatemwa zvakanyanya nedanho rekutevedzera LPD.
Batsirai bhizinesi rekuvandudzaNzvimbo dzisina-veruzhinji dzepamhepo dzeRussia inhau dzakasiyana. Zvidzidzo zvehunhu hwavo hwekudyidzana zvemubatanidzwa zvinoitwa neRussia Institute of Directors (Reed) kubva muna 2015, ratidza kuti inokura. Asi kukura uku kutsanangurwa kusatsamwiswa kwevanogara kunze kwevaine mari, asi zvinodiwa zvevaridzi vemakambani aya. Iyo yekupedzisira yakasarudzwa zvinhu zveLPD uye uvasimudze pasi pemabasa avo.
Nhamba yemakambani ayo anogadzira zano revatungamiriri vari kuwedzera, kusanganisira mumatare edzidziso isiri iyo (57% yemakambani mu2002 uye pamwe chete ne2020, kuwedzera 12% des yemabasa emazano) uye pamakomiti (2015 - 43%, 2020 - 53%).
Huwandu hwevatungamiriri vekunze hunowedzera sechikamu chemakanzuru uye kutsiva kwemiviri yavo (20% muna 2015 - 28% muna 2020). Nekudaro, maitiro aya ane chimwe chisikwa kupfuura makambani everuzhinji. Izvo zvakagadzirwa kuti uswanise kuchengetedza portfolio varipo, asi kuti uwedzere kushanda kwemukati kwebhizinesi, kudzoreredzwa kune vasina kukwana kugona kwevaridzi uye manejimendi. Kubva kumitezo yekunze yebhodhi revatungamiriri, kunzwisisa kwakanaka kwenzvimbo huru dzebhizinesi rinodiwa.
Zvakanakira zvevarairidzi vanogadzirwa mumakambani aya zvinoratidzwa zvakajeka munzvimbo dzinotevera.
Asi zvinosekwa kuti ushandise maitiro epamutemo emitezo kunze kwemakambani akadai uye chinodiwa kuti utarise uye kutonga pamusoro pemabasa emuridzi (kunze kwekunge, haazovabvunze nezvazvo). Izwi rekuti "mutungamiriri wekunze" rakanyatsotsanangura mamiriro chaiwo uye mabasa enhengo dzakadai dzeSoviet. Kugara kwavo mukanzuru kunoenderana nemuridzi wekambani. Basa remukati rekuongorora rakadaro makambani yakagadzirwa kuitira kuti vabatsire muridzi wacho kuti vanzwisise kushaya simba kweiyo manejimendi yakagadzirwa naye, zvikanganiso uye zvisungo zvinokwanisika kubva kuhutongi hweIye Akashanda naye (2015 - 27%, 2020 - 38%). Zvinoshamisa kuti zvidi basa rekusarudza mumabasa ebasa iri mune imwe kambani, nhengo dzekunze dzekanzuru yaitamba.
Humwe hutongi hwehurumendeVaya vanoshingairira kukurudzira kugadzira hurongwa hwekutarisira mumakambani akadaro, iyo iyo kambani inogona kubudirira kushanda neyekupaza kwemuridzi wake kana kunyange pasina kutora chikamu chake, zvakakodzera kuyeuka izvo zvakavapo. Nenzira, njodzi yekuputika muRussia haina kuderedzwa, asi kunyange inokura, uye nyika yekutonga inodzivirira zvakaipa kubva pazviri. Izvi zvinongedzo zvemakambani akadaro, makanzuru avo, vanozivisa vanofanirwa kurangarirwa mukurumbidza pachena kwemakambani, kuitwa kwechiitiko chekugadzira manejimendi.
Chikamu chemakambani eRussia vasiri veRussia zvishoma nezvishoma zvinowedzera huwandu hwezvinhu zveLPD, izvo zvavanosuma mumaitiro avo ekutarisira. Nekudaro, maitiro aya - mune yake pfungwa, iyo huru madhiraivha, kumhanya kwekuchinja - kwakasiyana kwazvo kubva pakuita kwekushandisa lpd mumakambani ehurukuro. Muitiro unoumbwa, izvo, zvimwe, zvinogona kunzi "humwe hurumende yemakambani".
Uye zvakasikwa.
Mafungiro emunyori anogona kusabatana nenzvimbo yeiyo vitimes edition.