Nadezhda Potmalnalnased: "Ndagerageza gukora ku byiyumvo by'abana"

Tubwire imigani yawe ya Fari. Iki nikintu gisobanura hagati yumukino, gukina no gusoma. Nigute ushobora kumenya ibi wenyine?

Nibyo, imigani yanjye yande ni ikintu ugereranije. Ijambo "imikorere" nkunda ikintu gito hano, n "umukino" n "" gusoma "ni byinshi. Mfata akazi k'ubuvanganzo kandi ndayikina imbere yumwana, ibikinisho. Birasa neza cyane, kandi muri uku buryo bworoshye ni ibisobanuro bikomeye kandi byingenzi - umwana arashobora gutaha, gufata ibikinisho bye kandi akina. Ni ngombwa kuri njye ko abana bazimenyera ibikorwa byubuvanganzo. Kandi umukino nisomo risanzwe ryumwana, ururimi rurumvikana.

Ni izihe nyungu zo kuvuga?

Ndarwanya iterambere rya mbere. Iki nikintu kidasanzwe kubana, mbere ya. Mu gihe cy'amashuri abanza, ni ibisanzwe gukina byinshi, umva inkuru ziva mu bitabo byombi kandi zikababwira nyirakuru, Mama, Papa - Ibyerekeye ubwana bwabo. Abana bakunda kumva inkuru cyane, kuko hari uburambe runaka muri buri nkuru. Birashimishije ku mwana uburyo ibintu byose kwisi bitunganijwe nkintwari yigitabo cyangwa umuntu runaka umenyera, kuri iyi si yibanda kubyo atekereza, nko gushyikirana. Abandi bana basanzwe, bashushanyije, igishushanyo. Ni ukuvuga, gukora ikintu. Kandi rero ibi byose - itumanaho, inkuru, gukina no guhanga - Ndi kumwe nabana kandi nkora.

Nigute wahimbye imikoranire nkiyi abana? Ubu ni uburambe ku giti cyawe cyangwa wiga ahantu runaka?

Ntabwo nazanye ubwanjye. Mfite imyaka 25 nkora mubitabo. Nkimara hano umukobwa wimyaka 17, umuntu mwiza cyane yakoraga hano - Elena Mikhailovna Kuzmenkova. Yazanye gahunda yitwa "Kurwanya Umusomyi w'ejo hazaza." Ejo hazaza, kubera ko abana batagisoma, ariko rwose bazatangira rwose. Ariko kugirango dusome dushimishijwe, bakeneye kugira motifike kubwigihe ababaye amashuri abanza, bagomba gushishikazwa.

Elena Mikhailovna yasomye ibitabo byabana kandi buri gihe yakoresheje intwari zikinisha, yakinnye nibihe. Kandi inyuma yibi byose byahagaze kumarangamutima. Ni ngombwa cyane.

Amashuri abanza ahabwa umwana kugirango amenye isi binyuze mubyiyumvo, yagize uruhare mumarangamutima. Impuhwe, impuhwe, impuhwe nibyingenzi mubana mugihe cyishuri. Umurimo uwo ari wo wose nafashe, nta makuru y'ingenzi kuri njye (ko iyi ari ikamyo, ifite akamba, umubiri, ibiziga, ibyanditswe encyclopedic buri gihe bypass). Ni ngombwa kuri njye ko iyi ari ikamyo irushye, kuko yakoraga ubufindo bwo kubaka, ababaza umubiri. Abanditsi bahindura ibintu bifite amarangamutima atandukanye, kandi ndagerageza gukora kuri ayo marangamutima mubana.

Ifoto kuva mububiko bwizewe bwibyiringiro bya portmalnikova Nigute wagera kumwana kugirango dusangire ibyiyumvo byintwari?

Elena Mikhailovna yavuze ko kubwibyo ukeneye gukora ibyo intwari ikora. Kubwibyo, niba mumateka yibishwi birakabije, tanga abana kwishimira, ibuka uko byari bikonje. Cyangwa kwitwara nkimbeba zihishe injangwe. Kandi iyo abana batangiye gukora ibyo intwari akora, bahita batangira kubyumva nkintwari.

Nigute ushobora guhitamo imigani?

Ubuvanganzo nubu byinshi. Sinshobora kwiyita impuguke ku bitabo by'abana - ibitabo byinshi biranyuta. Imizi ya Chukovsky yavuze ko umurimo wonyine w'ubuvanganzo bw'abana ari ukunguka ikiremwamuntu mu bana. Kubwibyo, inkuru zanjye zose zimwe kubijyanye nayo.

Kandi, birumvikana ko inkuru igomba kuba ishimishije, ikintu cyo gukoraho - ahantu runaka usetsa ibyiza, ahantu hafite imikino ishimishije kuburyo nshaka gukina nabana. Kuri njye mbona gusa numva abana beza, ndashobora kumva icyo bakunda. Kandi nzi icyo nkunda, aho amaso yanjye azatwika, azashaka kubivuga.

Byongeye, kudakina buri nkuru. Hariho ibitabo byiza, ariko ntibisobanutse uburyo bwo kwerekana abana babo. Ibitabo nkibi byihagije bishobora gukingurwa gusa, soma - kandi ibi bizaba bihagije.

Tubwire akazi kawe mu isomero. Ukora ku buryo bwawe bwite? Ufite itsinda?

Dufite amashami menshi yo gukorana n'abana, ariko abakomeza imigenzo ya Elena Mikhailovna Kuzmenkova bara hafi yanjye. Isomero rya Pedagogy ritandukanye ku ishuri cyangwa guhinga kuba hari gahunda iteganijwe, kandi dushobora guhitamo imirimo ibabwe kubiba. Ntabwo dushakisha uko kwishuri, tubimenya, twumva neza umwana, kugenzura, kugenzura. Turagerageza kubuza umwana hamwe nisomo ryuzuye.

Dufite gahunda zitandukanye. Rimwe na rimwe, abarimu b'ibitabo bahuzwa kugira ngo bakore ikintu hamwe, ariko muri rusange imbaraga zacu nuko twese dutandukanye. Umuntu wese afite uburyo bwe bwite, dukorana n'imyaka itandukanye.

Ifoto kuva mububiko bwibyiringiro potrindova

Kuki ababyeyi benshi bakomeye, bararambiranye kandi barambikiza bana bana babo?

Ntabwo ari ikibazo cyoroshye. Twese dukomoka kubyara. Niba kandi ababyeyi babo bakinnye byoroshye kandi beza hamwe nababyeyi babo, noneho aba basanzwe mumaraso yabo, kandi nabo byoroshye gukina nabana babo. Niba, nkumwana, nta burambe nk'ubwo wahawe indege mu ishuri ry'incuke, noneho ibyo ntibizahagije. Kandi niba hari ikintu kibura, biragoye cyane kubiha abandi. Ubu tubayeho neza cyane - dushobora kwicara mumwaka kugeza kumyaka itatu, dushobora kwishyura kugirango tutajya gutwara umwana mu busitani na gato. Ariko ibi ntibisobanura ko dufite ibyo dushaka gusangira numwana. Nibyiza, niba hari icyifuzo cyo kubana numwana, ariko icyo gukora kuri iki cyifuzo - ikibazo nticyoroshye.

Umwana akinwa n'ababyeyi? Bizagenda bite niba bidakina n'umwana?

Nibyo, ntakintu kizabaho. Umwana azakura kandi ntazigera yishima. Hamwe na we ibintu byose bizaba byiza. Kuri njye mbona ari ngombwa cyane kuba umwana wawe tubikuye ku mutima. Sobanukirwa - Yego, umukino ntabwo uhawe. Nzabona rero inzobere zizakina numwana. Noneho byinshi muri byose! Ikintu nyamukuru nuguhitamo icyo ukunda. Nzi mama udakunda gukina nabana, ariko byoroshye kwitegura. Kuri Kayf ye! Yabahaye blender, invange, yemereye ibirango bimennye amagi, isuka ifu, isukari. Kandi byoroshye kumukunda gukubita igikoni. Kandi sinigeze nkunda abana mu gikoni.

Umuntu akunda gutemberana nabana - Kuramo abantu bose mumodoka, huhumo, baririmbe indirimbo, jya hanze yidirishya. Ni ngombwa kubyumva, muburyo bwubuzima udakunda umwana. Kandi ntugahebe. Nibyiza, ntabwo yakinnye - kandi ntakinwa.

Uravugana cyane nabanyeshuri benshi batajyanyweho abandi n'abanyeshuri bakiri bato buri cyumweru. Niki ushobora kuvuga kuri iki gisekuru?

Abana benshi barantwara rwose. Niba ubigereranije nubwayo hashize imyaka 20, birumvikana ko bahindutse. Uruhande rumwe. Ariko birakenewe kumva ko abo bana, imiryango baza mubitabo ntabwo ari imiryango. Aba barimo gusoma ababyeyi bakina nabana, bubaha abana. Imiryango nkiyi irimo guhinduka mugihe runaka. Abana baracyashaka gukina, bavugana, ni ibibazo. Nibyo, byumvikane, buri muganga uzavuga ko ubushobozi bwo gutega amatwi no kwibanda kuri buri gisekuru kandi biragwa cyane, biragoye kubana. Igice, rero berekanye imigani - umva abana biragoye.

Nizera ko terefone zigendanwa, duha abana mumaboko hakiri kare, imikino namakarito hamwe nibibakikije, ntibigira ingaruka nziza cyane. Ni ngombwa gutsimbarara. Amakarito mibi ni ayahe? Batanga ibitekerezo birenze. Urabakoresha nko guhekenya, ntabwo ugerageza, ntukora. Kandi umukino ni akazi. Ugomba kurota, hitamo intwari, fata umugambi.

Muri icyo gihe, ntabwo ntekereza ko ku makarito ari ngombwa guterana na gato. Gusa hejuru yabo bigomba no gutekerezwa, kuganira nabana. Mubuzima bwumwana bugomba kuba kimwe no mubuzima bwurungano rwe. Kugira ngo tubone ahandi umukino wa mudasobwa, ntiyigeze acika intege kandi ntiyigeze yibaza ati: "Mama, kuki wampinduye?"

Ariko umukino ushimishije, ushushanya, kunyunyuza mucyondo, ingendo mu mudugudu - ibi byose bigomba kurangiza iterambere. Ibikoresho ntibigomba kubangamira ubuzima bwabantu bisanzwe.

Tubwire kubitabo ukunda. Wari umwana wawe, kandi ubu uri iki?

Nasomye byinshi mu bwana bwanjye, ariko ntibakina nanjye. Nibyo, umukino wanjye wari wubahwa, ndibuka neza.

Kuva mu bitabo, nakunze cyane "inkoko y'umukara, cyangwa abatuye mutaka". Nahoraga ndamurika. Noneho, nanjye, buri gihe ndamurira. Ndotse kugira umugani kuri iki gitabo, ariko birakomeye - birakenewe kugirango isi yose iri munsi y'ubutaka.

Ntabwo yakundaga inkuru zerekeye inyamaswa ndetse na kamere. Nanjye ntabwo nakunze Carlson. Nahoraga ntekereza: Nibyiza, iyo abo bantu bakuru baza, bazahanwa! Nari umwana ukwiye cyane.

Igihe abakobwa banje bavuka, nishimiye kwikubita imbere ya mama wanjye kandi nsoma ibitabo byinshi bitandukanye hamwe nabana. Kandi iki gitabo ubutunzi bwashushanyije cyane ubuzima bwacu. Biragoye kuri njye gutanga ikintu runaka. Ndareba byinshi mubitabo byinshi bigezweho, kandi birasa nkaho hari ikindi kintu gihora kigaragara ndetse cyiza. Ntabwo ntekereza ko e-ibitabo bizamusubiza impapuro. Mubitabo byabana, igitabo cyimpapuro kizabaho igihe kirekire!