Imodoka ni ikibazo kumihanda yacu ibisanzwe. Abantu bakuze bafite nostalgia imvikana cyane nostalgi yibuka ibihe mubana mumihanda ishobora gutwara mu bwisanzure ku magare cyangwa no gukina umupira. Kuberako imodoka zari nto cyane.
Ariko hari igihe imodoka zari zihari. Kandi ntabwo hashize igihe kinini, hashize imyaka ijana na mirongo itanu! Niki, urabona, kumateka yamateka, gato.
Kuva kera, abantu batsinze imbaraga zubuzima mubuzima bwabo. Imaze kuba byimyaka ibihumbi byinshi kandi iracyakoreshwa mubihugu byinshi.
Niba tuvuze ku modoka isanzwe, hanyuma abakozi batandukana (byibuze ku mpapuro) batangiye kugaragara muri renaissance. Abahanga mu by'amahanga bavuga ko amagare menshi akorerwa neza mu mijyi itandukanye yo mu Burayi bwa kera.
Ariko, kwitwa abo bakozi bakoresheje imodoka ntabwo bikwiye cyane. N'ubundi kandi, igice nyamukuru mumodoka ni moteri, kandi ntibyari mubihe byasobanuwe. Ni ukuvuga, noneho abaterankunga bose bongera gutandukana batewe nimbaraga zabantu, cyangwa amafarashi amwe.
Uru rubanza, ku buryo rero kuvuga, rwahinduwe mu gihe cyapfuye, igihe cyari mu gice cya kabiri cy'Ikinyejana cya makumyabiri, kometse ku giti cyubatswe mu gice cya kabiri cy'ikinyejana cya 20.
Mu ntangiriro, birumvikana ko Papan atatekerezaga ko ubwonko bwe buzakoreshwa mu bakozi bashinzwe kwizihiza. Imashini za Steam zari zikenewe ku nganda iyo ari yo yose, kuzunguruka, amato yo mu nyanja, aterura uburyo, n'ibindi.
Igitekerezo cyo guhuza imitiba yo gukora abakozi kwigenga baje ku mutwe wa Artillertiste baturutse mu Bufaransa Joseph cun. Byabaye mu 1769.
Kyuno yubatse moshi eshatu zizunguruka zo gutwara imbunda zikomeye. Igitekerezo cyari iby'ingirakamaro, ariko cyabuzaga kudatungana kwa siyansi na tekiniki. Byabaye ku buryo Imodoka Kyuno yaje aho hantu, yatwaye metero icumi - cumi na bitanu hanyuma ishyingurwa mu ruzitiro. Nibyiza, ntabwo natekerezaga kugenzurwa neza kandi ntashobora gutwara inzitizi!
Ariko, igitekerezo cye kiryamye mubutaka burumbuka. Ntabwo ako kanya, ariko injeniyeri nyuma yatekereje guhindura imitwe yinyanja kubatwara gari ya moshi. Kandi kubera ko nta bugome bwabayeho, ubwo bunini bwakozwe ku gasozi bwageze.
Ariko ntabwo ari ngombwa gutekereza ko abakozi b'ubwonko bakoresheje moteri ya steam mu mateka y'imodoka ntabwo aribyo. Bari! Mu Bufaransa no mu Bwongereza, abakora ikirego benshi bubatse abakozi bafite abashoferi ba Steam ndetse banategura itumanaho risanzwe hagati yo gutura.
Kandi ku bakoresheje ibikorwa by'akano, bakunze kureba. Turacyashoboka! Umuntu yashoboye kwishyura amafaranga kuri "kwihuta" ku modoka ya steam azenguruka umujyi ku muvuduko wa kilometero 10-15 ku isaha (byari byinshi, ariko byari byinshi ku bipimo)!
Kandi ntuzibagirwe ko boiirom ya steam, nubwo batunganye, byaturikiye ...
Ubucuruzi busobanutse, siyanse n'ikoranabuhanga ntibyahagaze. Abahimbyi benshi bafite impano bakubise ikibazo cyo gukora moteri yoroshye kandi yubukungu kugirango babare.
Kandi hano muri 1860, leiner lenoar yashyizeho moteri (moteri). Byari intsinzi ikomeye muri kiriya gihe. Moteri ya Etienne yari ifite imikorere yo hejuru. Yakoraga muri gaze yo gukwirakwiza yaragabanijwe icyo gihe.
Muri rusange, igice cya Etienne cyerekanaga kuruhande rwiza. Byari byoroshye kandi bihendutse. Ariko - hamwe no gukoresha mugufi! Kubera iki? Nibyo, kuko gukora igihe kirekire, moteri ya gaze irasaba ikigega kinini cya lisansi. Gaze ntabwo ari lisansi, ntabwo ari kerosene, ntabwo ari inzoga, amaherezo!
Kandi hano, byanze bikunze, abinzi bongeye gushushanya imitwe, baryamanye n'ibitabo bifite ibishushanyo maze batangira gutekereza, kugereranya, kwerekana ... nk'icyitegererezo cy'ikinyejana cya XIX, icyitegererezo cya moteri y'amashanyarazi n'imbere. moteri yo gutwika iragaragara.
Umwanditsi - Maxim Mishchenko
Isoko - Sprangzhizni.ru.