Tsar Alexey Mikhaiahich yakiriye izina ryizina, ariko ku ngoma ye ya Uburusiya intambara zikomeza hamwe n'ibindi bihugu, kandi Leta ubwayo yarokotse n'ibihe bigoye by'ivugurura. Guhindura byinshi byatanze umusaruro mwiza, kuko bayobowe nibikenewe bikabije. Icyakora, nk'urugero rwatsinze cyane, urugero, ivugurura ry'amafaranga. Umwami ahatirwa guhangana n'ububasha buhoraho n'imbaraga zikomeye byahatiwe gukora ingamba zikomeye, zitanga itegeko ryo kubyara ibiceri by'umuringa. Byasa nkaho ibintu byose byumvikana ariko, igitekerezo cya Alexei Mikhaiah no kuvugurura abantu bunth. Ni ubuhe butumwa bukubiye mu mafaranga? Kuki ivugurura ryagaragaye ko ryatsinzwe cyane? Ni iki yazanye Uburusiya?
Amavu n'amavuko yo kuvugurura
Kugeza mu 1654, hari ibiceri by'icyitegererezo byinshi mu Burusiya - igiceri n'amafaranga yakorewe ifeza, na kimwe cya kabiri, ibikoresho byatanzwe. Bose bari bafite izina rito, ariko nta bice bikomeye byamafaranga. Ako kanya utekereze uko byagoye gucuruza. Ibikorwa bikomeye byashinze cyane ko ari ngombwa kubara no guhamagarira ibiceri byinshi. Ubudozi, ariko kandi, uko ibintu bimeze byagize ingaruka kubucuruzi buto, byari bigoye gukorwa kubera kubura ibiceri byaguka. Ingaruka zarimo kwangirika mu bukungu bw'igihugu, itsemba iteza imbere ubukungu.
Alexey Mikhaiach Romanov, kubera urugendo rutari nke cyane mu gisirikare, rwashoboye kwifatanya nakarere k'Uburusiya, Malorosia na byinshi mu bihugu bya Biyelorusiya. Muri ubwo turere, icyitegererezo cy'Uburayi cyari gikwirakwira, ahanini yatsindiye ibiceri by'Uburusiya. Mu gihe cy'intambara n'imvugo, havutse ko hakenewe kumenyekanisha amafaranga mashya, bikwegera abagenzi b'Uburayi. Byongeye kandi, ibikoresho mu isanduku byababaje ntibihagije kubera intambara ndende kandi bamena icyorezo cy'icyorezo. Ubukungu bwifaranga bukeneye guhinduka, ubukungu bumwe burasabwa, kandi byagenze neza cyane ko ivugurura rishobora guhindura ibintu mu Burusiya.
Gushyira mu bikorwa ivugurura ry'amafaranga
Dukurikije ibitekerezo, ivugurura ryagize akamaro gake cyane. Ibiceri by'umuringa byamenyeshejwe mu bujurire, ariko, Ibice byahoze ntabwo byatoranijwe mu bicuruzwa. Ubucuruzi bunini bwabonye amahirwe yo gukoresha amafaranga make gusa nta gaciro gato, bivuze ko hagaragaye ibipimo bishya by'ubukungu bw'igihugu.
Mu 1654, Rables yatutswe n'itegeko ry'umwami. Mu mategeko yakurikiyeho, uruhushya rwagombaga gutangira kwiruka muri Filinika, kimwe cya kabiri cyirwanaho, Hryvnia, Alletans no gufata. Nyuma yumwaka, amafaranga menshi yari afite icyitegererezo gishya, ariko, benshi mu baturage barinze gukoresha bakoresheje ntibabishaka cyane.
Amakosa nyamukuru
Nkuko dushobora kwitonderwa, abantu ntibari bafite ikizere cyimbaraga, zarakajwe namakosa menshi mu ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry'ivugurura. Umushakashatsi D. E. Exeov mu ngingo ye yo kuvugurura amafaranga mu Burusiya yerekana ko ibintu bidasanzwe:
Wari umwanya wo kuba nabi. Politiki yasabye kwishyura imisoro ifeza gusa, mugihe umushahara wishyuwe nibiceri by'umuringa. Nta mvurungano yubusa bwamafaranga yumuringa ku ifeza. Nubwo bimeze bityo, byumvikane neza ko nta tandukaniro riri hagati yamafaranga ashya kandi ashaje. Ibi birashobora kwizera abantu? Birumvikana ko oya, bityo abantu benshi bagerageza kudakoresha ibiceri byumuringa bifite agaciro katoroshye. Icyakora, kubera igihano cy'igihano, abaturage basabwaga gufata amafaranga y'umuringa, mu gihe guverinoma ubwayo yahisemo ifeza.
Kurangiza kuvugurura ivugurura
Ingaruka nyinshi ku guhungabanya ivugurura Alexei Mikhaiaich yari afite ibikorwa byombi by'impimbano. Amafaranga y'umuringa ashobora kuba yarindaga cyane, kubera ko imashini zose zakoraga. Mu mwaka wa 1656, hatanzwe ibitabo byukuri byatanzwe n'umuyobozi wa gasutamo byagaragajwe n'umutwe wa gasutamo: Kuva mu baturage gukusanya imisoro ku ifeza kuri bibiri Icya gatatu, na kimwe gusa cya gatatu - umuringa. Muri icyo gihe, ni ubuhe bwoko bwa Babatskaya, ku bicuruzwa bya cyami, ku misoro n'imisoro, "abantu bagomba kwishyura ibiceri bya feza. Byongeye kandi, mu turere twa buri muntu, muri Siberiya, kandi na gato ntacyo byarushijeho kwishura ubwishyu bwa Dani Copper, kuko muri kariya gace hari icyegeranyo cya Femative kirekire. Bahawe agaciro ibiceri byinshi by'umuringa. Ubucuruzi hamwe nabanyamahanga nabyo birashobora no gukoresha umuringa. Nkumuhanga mu by'amateka J. Shiks arandika, amafaranga y'umuringa ashobora kwitwa "ifaranga ryaho", kubera ko rishobora gukoreshwa mu gihugu gusa. Umubare w'ibiceri bifitanye isano no kuzenguruka ibiceri by'umuringa, kutizera abantu byabaye Impamvu yo kwigomeka k'umuringa byamurikiye muri Moscou mu 1662. Imijyi minini y'Uburusiya kandi yakoramye kandi ku mitego y'abantu. Guverinoma yahatiwe guhagarika ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry'ivugurura ry'amafaranga, rikaba ryarateye ubwoba muri sosiyete. Amafaranga y'umuringa yakuweho, kandi guhanaga byari ibiceri 100 by'umuringa ku ifeza 1. Ivugurura ry'iperereza ryaragaragaye ko ridatsinzwe ryo guhindura imigabane y'amafaranga n'ubukungu. Ikosa nyamukuru ryaba ritari ryo gahunda iteganijwe. Mu bihe biri imbere, mwene Tsar Alexei, peter iya mbere hashingiwe kuri iyi myitwarire yashyize mu gaciro udushya, akoresheje ubundi buryo, kandi ibisubizo bizagenda neza. Mubyukuri, amakosa ya Reform Alexei Mikhaich yerekanye abategetsi bakurikiyeho kumakosa yakosowe mugihe kizaza.