"Muri rusange, icyitegererezo cyose cyibeshya, ariko bamwe muribo ni ingirakamaro." Aya magambo ya George Boxe, umuhanga uzwi cyane mu Bwongereza, arafasha cyane gukomeza mumutwe bose bakora imiyoborere.
Imvugo "imikorere myiza yimiyoborere rusange" (LPD) yabaye kashe yubucuruzi lexison. Kenshi cyane birasa nkigikoresho rusange kubigo byose. Ariko kubigo bya leta nibitari rusange, imiyoborere y'ibigo ni ukuri gutandukanye.
Kugirango badashinjwa uburangareKu masosiyete yo mu Burusiya, guhuza ibice by'ibice bya LPD, byakozwe mu bikorwa byubucuruzi bwiburengerazuba nubuyobozi, nibyingenzi. Ibigize iyi seti byasobanuwe birambuye mu buryo burambuye mu miyoborere y'imiyoborere ya banki y'Uburusiya. Kuyobora abashoramari ku isi byita ku isi bitondera kuba ibiranga LPD ibiranga.
Kubaho kw'abashoramari bo mu Burengerazuba bwa Portfolio ku isoko ry'amafaranga mu Burusiya bigabanuka. Ikomeza ahanini nigihe gito, cyiteguye-hejuru-hejuru - muguhana umusaruro mwinshi. Buri gihe hazabaho abashoramari bo muburengerazuba bwa portfolio, umururumba we utondekanye ubwoba. Ariko n'abashoramari bashya ba portfolio ntibashobora kwirengagiza byimazeyo kubura ibiranga muri bo bashorimo. Nibabijyamo kandi bazane igihombo gikomeye, ibirego by'uburangare bw'inshinjabyaha bizarimburwa. Kubwibyo, bazahora bitondera iki kintu. Abashinzwe Uburengerazuba bagaragaza ibisabwa n'ibindi bisabwa kuri PCPs by'amasosiyete ya Leta, Abayobozi bashoramari bashinzwe gushora imari bahatirwa kuzirikana ibi. Kubwibyo, hashyizweho byibuze ibintu bya LPD aho bitondera birakura.
Mu cyerekezo gitandukanyeUbujyakuzimu bwo gusohoza ibikorwa nyabyo by'imiyoborere rusange y'ibigo bya Leta z'Uburusiya by'Abashoramari ba Leta y'Uburusiya n'abashoramari ba Portfolio hamwe n'ingaruka z'imyanzuro ku mbaraga ku gisubizo cy'abashoramari cyatanzwe natari Etinakov. Biterwa nibintu nkisoko ryisoko ryisosiyete, kuboneka bigize ibikoresho byihariye, birashoboka ko ari inkunga nini ya leta na Leta, "Gupfundikira" iyi sosiyete.
Ariko kwitondera LPD bizahora, kandi ibisabwa kugirango imikoreshereze yayo ikure. Aya magambo arashobora kumvikana nkijambo ryumuyobozi wishuri kumurongo. Ariko ibintu bimeze nkibyo.
Ese ibice biriho byibice bya LPD mubigo bya leta byu Burusiya bibiri mu Burengerazuba? Biragaragara, oya. Ariko bitabaye ibyo ntushobora. Itandukaniro riva mubintu byinshi, icy'ingenzi muribyo ni itandukaniro mumiterere yimibare yumugabane numuco mbonezamubano. Itandukaniro risa rihari hagati yamasosiyete ya rubanda yuburengerazuba hamwe nubutunzi bwinshi bwibigo bya leta mubindi bihugu bifite amasoko agaragara. Ariko ibyinshi mubihugu bigezweho bifite amasoko yo kugaragara, ibidukikije byubucuruzi bigira uruhare mu mikurire yimibereho (haba mu bijyanye n'imari n'ubukungu n'imibereho) kuguza uburyo bwa LPD no kwiyongera buhoro buhoro mu gushyira mu bikorwa.
Mu Burusiya, ibidukikije bizahita bihinduka muburyo bunyuranye. Ati: "Indirimbo zishaje zerekeye ikintu cy'ingenzi" zigenda zishyirwaho n'ibidukikije. Ikintu nyamukuru ubungubu mubigo bya leta byuburusiya ni ugukomeza urwego rwagerwaho rwubahirizwa n'amahame ya LPD, kugirango tutakorwaga rwose igice cyingenzi cyabashoramari b'isi yose mu bijyanye n'imiyoborere yegeranye mu rwego rw'imiyoborere. Isoko ryisoko ryibi masosiyete ryiyemeje ntabwo ari leta yubucuruzi bwabo gusa, ahubwo no kandi amarangamutima aterwa nabashoramari. Kandi aba nyuma bagenwe kurwego rwo kubahiriza LPD.
Fasha iterambere ryubucuruziIbigo bitari rusange byikirusiya ninkuru itandukanye. Ubushakashatsi bwibikorwa byabo by'imiyoborere byakozwe n'ikigo cy'Uburusiya (Urubingo) kuva 2015, byerekana ko gitera imbere. Ariko iri terambere ryiyemeje kuturwa nigitutu cyabashoramari bo hanze, ariko ibyo ba nyir'ibi masosiyete. Iyanyuma yatoranijwe kubintu bya LPD hanyuma ibereke mubihe byabo.
Umubare wibigo bitera inama byubuyobozi biriyongera, harimo mugihe amabwiriza atagikeneye (murubisi ya reed - 57% byamasosiyete yo muri 2015 na 67% muri 2020 de facert yo gukora umubare y'imikorere y'inama) na komite muri bo (2015 - 43%, 2020 - 53%).
Umubare w'abayobozi bo hanze wiyongera nk'ibice by'Inama Njyanama no gusimbuza imibiri yabo (20% muri 2015 - 28% muri 2020). Ariko, iyi nzira ifite ibidukikije kuruta ibigo bya leta. Ntabwo igamije kurinda abashoramari ba Portfolio, ahubwo yongere imikorere yubucuruzi, indishyi kubashaho bihagije ba nyirayo nubuyobozi. Kuva mubagize Inama y'Ubuyobozi, gusobanukirwa neza mubice nyamukuru byubucuruzi birasabwa.
Inyungu zifatika z'Ubuyobozi zaremewe muri aya masosiyete zigaragara mu turere dukurikira.
Ariko birasekeje gushyira mu bikorwa ibipimo byemewe mu bagize amasosiyete nkaya hamwe n'ibisabwa kugira ngo bigenzurwe no kugenzura ibikorwa bya nyirabyo (keretse kubikora, atazabababaza kuri yo). Ijambo "Umuyobozi utunganya" risobanura bihagije uko ibintu bimeze n'imikorere yabatesko. Gumana kwabo mu nama biterwa na nyiri sosiyete. Imikorere yubugenzuzi bwimbere muri ayo masosiyete nka yo kugirango ifashe nyirayo nibyiza gusobanukirwa n'intege nke za sisitemu yo kuyobora. Amakosa kandi ahohoterwa abuza imiyoborere yabo yahawe akazi na we (2015 - 2720, 2020, 2020, 2020 38%). Biratangaje gusaba uruhare rukomeye mubikorwa byiki kigo nkiryo, abagize Inama Njyanama bo hanze bagize.
Izindi ManaAbatanga bashishikaye gukora sisitemu yo kuyobora nkaya, bashidikanya ko isosiyete ishobora gukora neza yitabiriwe na nyirayo cyangwa nta nshingano ze, ni ngombwa kwibuka ukuri kubyerekeranye. Ni ukuvuga ibyago byo kugaba igitero mu Burusiya ntabwo byagabanutse, ahubwo birakura, kandi ubucamanza bwubucamanza burarinda nabi. Iki kintu na ba nyir'ibigo n'inama zabo, abajyanama bakeneye kwibukwa mu byifuzo ku makuru yo gukorera mu mucyo w'amasosiyete, ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry'imishahara y'ubuyobozi hamwe no kuzamurwa mu ntera.
Igice cyibigo bitari rusange byongera buhoro buhoro umubare wibice bya LPD, zimenyekanisha mubuyobozi bwabo. Ariko, iyi nzira - muri logique yayo, abashoferi nyamukuru, umuvuduko wimpinduka - uratandukanye cyane ninzira yo gushyira mubikorwa LPD mubigo bya leta. Imyitozo yashizweho, ishobora, ishobora, ishobora kwitwa "indi miyoborere rusange".
Kandi birasanzwe.
Igitekerezo cy'umwanditsi ntigishobora guhura n'umwanya wa VITAME.