Madzi ndi a anthu ochepa kwambiri amakono a Finno-Ugric. Masiku ano, pafupifupi 60 oimira ethnos amakhala ku Russia. Pafupifupi onsewa amakhala m'midzi ya Lenrad dera ku Gulf of Finland.
Madziwo satchedwa anthu owonda kwambiri mdzikolo. Iwo, monga makolo awo akutali, khalani osamalira miyambo yakale ndi chikhalidwe chapadera. Tsoka ilo, lero ansembe omwe amalankhula momasuka mchilankhulo chawo, alipo ochepa. Kodi ndi anthu otani? Kodi nkhani yake inali bwanji? Ndipo ngati tsogolo lakhala ndi mizimu?
Zokhudza Anthu
Kutchulidwa koyamba kwa mafamu kumapezeka mu panga Charter of Yaroslav, lomwe limachitika tsiku la XI. Malinga ndi olemba mbiri, mawonekedwe a dzina "madzi" m'boma lakale la Russia limatha kulumikizana ndi chilankhulo cha Baltic, momwe ulemu umamasuliridwira kuti "wedge".
Kodi zikutanthauza chiyani? Kalanga ine, iyi ndi imodzi mwa zinsinsi zosachotsedwa za abwana. Oyimira anthu amadzitcha okha "Waddy". Ndikufuna kudziwa kuti chilankhulo chowoneka bwino ndichachisiku ano zovuta zambiri zophunzirira.
Cholinga chake ndichabwino - osapitilira khumi ndi awiri amalankhula momasuka. Komabe, m'mayunivesite ndi masukulu a dera la oyimira a Ethnos, kuthekera kophunzira chilankhulo cha chinenerocho kumatseguka, chifukwa chake kumatsimikiza kuti madziwo sadzabwezeretsa mndandanda wa zinkhuliro zosowa.
Wokongola kwambiri
Popeza madziwo ndi a gulu la Baltic-Finland, adatengera njira zodziwika bwino zochokera makolo awo. Chifukwa chake, mwachitsanzo, nthumwi za ma ethnos zimatchedwa Bwino Bwino ku Russia, ndipo izi si ngozi.
Pakati pa ansembe ndi mtundu wowala. Ndili ndiubwana, tsitsi lawo limafanana ndi loyera, ndipo patapita nthawi, mthunzi wa phulusa kupeza.
Mwina anali chinthu chosiyanitsa ichi chomwe chimapereka nkhani zokhudza kukongola kwa akazi. Wolemba mbiri yakale, wofufuza ku Finland adapita kudera lopita ku Leinrad ku Leinrad adalemba kuti nthumwi za anthu zimasiyanitsidwa ndi kukongola kokongola.
Mu ntchito za wofufuza Foeror Tumansky, mutha kuwerenga izi:
"Amayi Chudi ndi okongola, khalani ndi mawonekedwe osangalatsa komanso okonda komanso okonda, maso achangu, buluu wamkulu ...".Monga mukuwonera, pali fanizo la mphepo ndi zovuta, mayiko oyandikana nawo omwe amatchulidwa pachibwenzi, ndipo nthawi zina amatchedwa fuko limodzi.
Kuwerenga mbiri ya ansembe kwa nthawi yayitali kunadzetsa mikangano m'magulu ophunzira. Poyambirira zidakhulupirira kuti anthu adabwera kudziko lawo lapano kuchokera ku gawo la Estonia za zaka masauzande ambiri. Komabe, sipanatenge nthawi kuti zikadakhala zotsimikiza kuti malingaliro awa anali olakwika. Mayiko a dera lamakono leningrad kuyambira kale anali komwe mafuko amabadwira.
Zofukulidwa zakale zikutsimikizira kuti madera a anthu m'madera ano anali kale m'zaka za zana loyamba mpaka kalekale mpaka kalekale. Makolowo adasiyidwa m'manda, zinthu za demomic, zinthu, zida ndi zokongoletsera. Amawonetsa chitukuko chachikulu komanso kukhalapo kwachikhalidwe zakale m'maiko amenewa.
Zambiri zokhudza driver
Popeza nkosavuta kunena, pali mbiri chabe yakale yokhudza anthu ang'onoang'ono, koma deta yopanda pake imakulolani kuti mubwererenso chithunzi cha mipingo nthawi zina zapitazo. Ntchito zazikuluzikulu zinali zolaula nyama, ulimi, mitundu yonse yamitengo, makamaka mbiya, matabwa ndi chitsulo. Naga ndi Luga Intercouser imawerengedwa kuti idachokera kwa anthu a anthu.
M'magawo olembedwa, madzi amatchulidwa koyamba mu Novolood Mbiri ya 1069. Zolembazo zikudziwika kuti madzi omwe amatenga nawo mbali mu kampeni ya Prince Veslav Potvogorod, koma gulu lankhondo lidawonongeka ndi Proinkan Prince. Ndikufuna kukuthandizani kuti mudziwe kuti mfundo za ziwonetsero zikuyenera kubwerezedwanso m'mbiri.
Kufotokozera kwakukulu kwambiri kwa iye: Akalonga a Novgorod adayesa kuyika anthu amtunduwu, koma zovuta zokonda zaufulu sizinafune kupirira mphamvu za Russia. Komabe, zinthu zasintha kwambiri patatha zaka 80 patapita kukagwira ntchito yosagwira ntchito mwamphamvu ya veslav.
Mu 1149, mafuko a Yami (ndi momwe zilili m'matchalitchi, mafuko akumpoto amatchedwa) akuukira pamayiko amadzi. Kodi mukuganiza kuti ndani amathandizira mdani kuganizira za malingaliro a mdani? Novgorod. Olemba mbiri yakale amasintha kwambiri pamisonkhano ya anthu amagwirizanitsidwa ndi kusintha kwa mphamvu ya Novgorod. Ndikofunika kudziwa kuti udindo wa valia unali wopindulitsa osati ndi akalonga okha, komanso oyimira anthu amadzi.
Kamodzi mu kugonjetsedwa ndi pansi pa aispaces a Novgorod, akumafe aja amatha kuteteza madera awo pakuwukira anthu oyandikana nawo. Izi zikuwonetsa momwe zinthu ziliri ndi kuukira kwa EMI, komwe kunawonedwa bwino. Ndikosavuta kunena momwe mbiri ya ansembe ikanachitikira ngati sizinalembedwe pogwiritsa ntchito thandizo la Novgorod.
Mayesero Amuyaya
Kupweteketsa mtima anthu kunali njala ya 1215. Mu Mbiri, zimafotokozedwa kuti mbali yayikulu ya mafuko imatha, ndipo opulumuka adakakamizidwa kuyang'ana moyo wabwino kumadera ena. Ichi chinali chiyambi cha kubwezeretsanso kuti, tsoka, anali ndi zoyipa chifukwa cha ma ethnos omwe, chifukwa zotsatira zake zinali kukhala wofalikira kwa anthu ena.
Chikhalidwe chawonongeka kwambiri pambuyo pakukhazikitsidwa kwa Chikristu. Wolemba mbiri yakale N.V. Mabsycgin mu ntchito zake akuti kunali kukhazikitsidwa kwa anthu novgorod pamadzi.
Njira izi zidawatsogolera ku kuphatikizika kwa anthu a Slavic ndi IZhora. M'tsogolomu, anthu anali kuvutika chifukwa cha ulamuliro wa zolimba za Livonian, zomwe zimachitika nyengo yofunika kwambiri (masiku ano ndi gawo la Latvia).
Nthawi yochulukirapo, nthawi zinayenera kukumana ndi mavuto komanso mavuto, kumenyedwa moona. Koma kodi anthuwa amatha? Awa ndi oneneratu kwambiri, koma olamulira a m'derali adayambitsa pulogalamu yopulumutsa chikhalidwe cha madzi, chilankhulo chapadera. Madzi nthawi zonse amadziona ngati aku Russia, chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kwambiri kusunga gawo ili la cholowa cha Russia.