M'mbiri ya anthu, zovuta zambiri, zomwe sizimakhulupirira zenizeni zawo. Milandu yotereyi imatha kutetezedwa, ndipo omvera opambana a mafilimuwo adzaperekedwa. Chimodzi mwazinthu za mbirizi chinali chokhudza zaka mazana atatu zapitazo, kuphatikiza Peter woyamba sayansi, ya ku Russia komanso ... injini yamuyaya.
Komabe, pa chilichonse mwadongosolo. Zinachitika kuti mu 1680 ku Saxonany (dera la besmany) wobadwa wa Germany) adabadwa. Mnyamatayo anali wanzeru ndipo ngakhale adayamba kupita ku masewera olimbitsa thupi akomweko. Pamenepo anakwanitsa masamu ndi makina.
Popanda kutha mpaka kumapeto, mpatuko adasweka pamasamba ku Europe. Komabe, sanali vagabol yapamwamba, ndipo anali kuyenda m'mizinda yosiyanasiyana, chifukwa malingaliro amaganiza mokomera.
Ndipo mphindi idabwera pomwe Besser adaganiza zolemera. Panalibe kukhumba izi, koma pakukhazikitsa, Ern anali wanzeru chabe.
Poyamba, Ernst Bessel adasintha dzinalo ndikutchedwa Johann ena ophirus. Sanachite izi kuchokera ku chiwongola dzanja, koma chifukwa chatsopano (makamaka) dzina lake nthawi imeneyo linalimbikitsidwa kwambiri ndi chidwi cha munthu wake. Kuphatikiza apo, ngati munthuyu atayamba kutsutsa kuti anthu amachita bwino, amapanga njira zochenjera ndikulemba zothandiza za sayansi.
Kenako "mwana wakhanda", monga mwa wina wochititsa chidwi, mumzinda wawung'ono wa Germany, anachiritsa mwana wamkazi wa Shumary Shumary Shuman, yemwe pambuyo pake anadzakhala wakuphunzitsa. Schumnn, pankhani yokhudza chochitikachi monga chozizwitsa, adaperekanso mwana wake wamwamuna wowabwezeretsa, ndipo ngakhale ndi wokhazikika.
Izi zikuwoneka kuti ndi zonse, zikadathetsa munthu wina kudera lina. Koma kulibe. Ngwathu, monga tatchula kale, zidatheka kale mu sayansi yosiyanasiyana. Ndipo nthawi inali yosangalatsa - chiyambi cha zaka za XVIII, anthu amakhulupirira zozizwitsa, mu mankhwala osiyanasiyana, injini zosatha.
Zowopsa ndipo adaganiza zolimbikitse udindo wake monga wasayansi, ndikupanga injini yamuyaya. Kuphatikiza apo, izi zitha kukhala zabwino kugwira ntchito bwino. Mwina sanali chizolowezi chowoneka komanso choyipa. Koma amafuna kupanga injini yamuyaya.
Ndipo adamulenga mu 1712. Komabe, sikuti sitimadziwika ndichinthu, chifukwa posachedwapa amene adapanga chilengedwe chake.
Mu 1715, ngwazi yathu idapanga mtundu wachiwiri woyenda mosalekeza. Anthu osavuta, adayesa "chozizwitsa" ichi,
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti, bungwe la Arparius la Arparius silinalole kuyang'ana zojambula zake, ngakhale mamembala ake adapatsidwa ndalama chifukwa cha izi. Chifukwa chake, kunalibe chigamulo chodalirika pankhani ya wopanga dziko la Chijeremani. Zomwe sizinalepheretse orprius kuti akhazikitse pafupi ndi galimoto yanu kuti mutenge zopereka, zomwe zidabwezeredwa ndi liwiro lotheka.
Mu 1716, Werengani Hessen - Kasgral adapempha ngwazi yathu yachifumu ndikumupatsa mutu wa mlangizi wopulumuka. Ndi chithandizo chachikulu cha chithunzi, mayiyu adatsegulira "kupuma kwachiwiri", ndipo adayamba kupanga mtundu wachitatu wa injini yake yamuyaya. Galimoto iyi inali yokonzeka mu 1717.
Nanga bwanji za Petro poyamba? Ndipo ngakhale kuti mfumu yathu idakondwera kwambiri ndi zidutswa zamitundu yonse komanso zopangidwa ndi orpheherius.
Mu 1715, Petro adalangiza munthu wapamtima kuti atole zambiri za zomwe akupanga aku Germany. Mlandu pa zotengera za zinthu zidachedwa zaka zingapo.
Ndipo kale mu 1721, Peter imapereka dongosolo lomwelo ndi wolemba mabuku ku Schourher. Omaliza adatumizidwa ku Europe kukagula mabuku a sayansi.
Schumacher adayankha bwino malangizo a mfumu ya Russia. Ponena za injini yamuyaya, yolembedwa ndi mabuku oimbira yasayansi yotchuka. Iye, popanda kukana kwathunthu malingaliro a injini yamuyaya (Lamulo la Kutetezedwa Kuteteza Magetsi sikunadziwike), ndikulangizidwa Stumacher Mwiniwake kuti agwirizane ndi galimoto yake.
Koma zinachitika kuti kuphwanyidwa mofulumira kukana kuyambitsa kwake mthenga waku Russia waku Russia. M'malo mwake, iye, monga wamalonda wowoneka bwino, makamaka amagulitsa gulu lake laikaziyo, yemwe ndi womveka, anali ndalama ndi iye.
Komabe, Schuacher sanachite ngozi. Kuphatikiza apo, asayansi ena angapo omwe adayesa kupenda injini yamuyaya ya Orprius sinathe kuchita izi. Panthawi imeneyi, adasiya ndemanga zawo m'ndime ya zoyambitsa, osati kusangalatsa.
Zonsezi zidanenedwa kwa Wolamulira. Anamvetsera mwachidwi lipoti la mutu wake ndipo anaganizale mu 1725 kukaona Europe, ndipo nthawi yomweyo kuyendera Orprius. Ndipo ngati zonse zili bwino, ndiye kuti mugule kapangidwe ka Chijeremani. Kuphatikiza apo, adanenanso kuti mtengo wake - ma ruble pafupifupi 100,000, kuchuluka kwa nthawi zomwezo ndi kwakukulu.
Monga mukudziwa, Petro adamwalira koyamba mu 1725. Ndipo Orefeteriyo adatsala osapeza ndalama zaku Russia. Kenako - mopanda chilichonse popanda tanthauzo lililonse.
Zinapezeka kuti galimoto yake si injini yamuyaya, koma limagwiritsa ntchito ndi munthu m'chipinda chotsatira. Ankadyera munthu wina pachingwe - gudumu lalikulu la orprius, adapereka chiwonetsero cha injini yamuyaya, ndikupindika.
Komabe, mozondo zosatha ndipo zitatha izi zidapitilira ndikupitilizabe kuchita ...
Wolemba - Maxim Mishchenko
Gwero - Springzhizni.ru.