Malingana ngatiulendo wakhala wolumala pokhudzana ndi mliri, masauzande ndi anthu masauzande ambiri adaperekedwa kudzera m'mabwalo a ma eyapoti tsiku lililonse. Awa ndi mikhalidwe yabwino pochita zigawenga, chifukwa pamalo amodzi a anthu ambiri akupita. Momwemonso, kuchuluka kwa anthu ambiri pa ndege kumawonjezera kuchuluka kwa anthu omwe amakhala ndi ndege, komanso kuthekera kugwiritsa ntchito ndege yodwala ngati chida chakupha monga cholinga choyeserera kwa zigawenga. Ichi ndichifukwa chake ulamuliro wa chitetezo pa eyapoti ndiwokhazikika. Koma sizinali choncho nthawi zonse, ndipo tidzakuuzani za matetezere m'malo mwa anthu omwe akukonzekera kupita ku ndege.
Zoyambira pavutoli
Munthawi kuyambira Meyi 1961, kumapeto kwa 1972, chithandizo cha ndege 159 chidapangidwa ku United States Airspoce. Nthawi imeneyi nthawi imeneyi imatchedwa m'badwo wagolide wa kubadwa kwa ndege. Pambuyo pa kusintha kwa chiletso cha chilechi mu 1959, a aja a aja adayamba kufuna kuti oyendetsa ndege adayamba kupita ku Cuba, amenewo ndi mtunda wa makilomita 151 kuchokera ku gombe la United States. Ambiri aiwo amakhulupirira kuti adzakumana ngati ngwazi za chisinthiko, a Fidemide Castro adzawateteza, ndipo sipadzakhala chilango.
Zofunsa zakhala pafupipafupi kuti mawu oti "anditengere ku Cuba!" Zosochera ku zojambula za Moni Paton. Koma Fidenti sanali mwachangu kutenga othawa, ndikuwona mwayiwo kuchititsa manyazi boma la US, lodzipereka kuti abwerere ndege za ndege kwa madola 7,500.
Zoyenera kuchita?
Boma la US linaganiza kuti inali nthawi yoti asankhe kena kake, chifukwa zinthu zinayamba kuonekera. Panali lingaliro lomanga mtundu wabodza wa eyapoti ya Havana ku South Florida, kotero kuti ndege zobedwa zidafika pamenepo. Koma polojekitiyi inali yokwera mtengo kwambiri, kuphatikiza a ajaackers sangakhale opusa kwathunthu komanso odziwika ndi United States.
Lingaliro la mapulani opambana kwambiri linabwerekedwa kuchokera kundende ya ku America ndi kundende. Chifukwa chake chinali kugwiritsa ntchito zojambula zachitsulo kapena zida za X-ray kuti ayang'anitsidwe padziko lonse lapansi. Matekinoloje atsopanowa agwiritsidwa ntchito kale mndende zingapo zowongolera komanso pamagulu ankhondo achinsinsi. Koma dipatimenti ya feduro (FAA) idakana lingaliro, kuyambira pomwe, pamalingaliro awo, njira zoterezi zikanakhala nazo zovuta m'maganizo pa omwe akudutsa.
Njira zoyambirira zimatengedwa
Choyamba, ndegeyo idasankhidwa kuti ikhale yolondola kuti igwirizane ndi zofuna zonse za a Spojockers kuti muchepetse zachiwawa pambuyo polanda ndege. Cholinga chake chinali kupangitsa kuti kubera kumapangitsa kuti abweretse mwachangu komanso wopanda ululu komanso wopanda ululu, koma panalibe zotsatira zabwino.
Kenako wa Faayo anaganiza zosinthana ndi lingaliro lina - poyang'ana machitidwe ndi mawonekedwe a anthu. Akatswiri amisala anayamba kupezeka kwa okwera chifukwa cha kukula monga kukula, kulephera kusamalira maso, komanso kuda nkhawa za katundu wawo. Munthu akachita zachilendo, adapita ndi chipinda chosiyana chowunikira ndikuyang'aniridwa ndi chitsulo.
Njirayi imawoneka yodalirika, koma sizinathandize. Mu 1986, zinali zotheka kuwerengera "bomba lamoyo" la Mary-Ann Murphy, yemwe adanyamula zophulikazo pa bolodi. Mtsikanayo sanakwaniritse kusokonezeka kwa zoopsa za zigawenga. Koma wachinyamata wa ku Ireland wayimba wachichepere wa ku Wereland, atalumpha pang'ono, poyankha za katundu ndipo ntchito yachitetezo idatha kuzindikira zoopsa.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti okwerawo adachirikiza njira zotere ndipo samakana cheke chowonjezera. Atauzidwa pambuyo pake, ambiri adayankha kuti anali okondwa kuti amangodziwa kuti adakwaniritsidwa kuti aletse kubedwa. Komabe, patapita nthawi, chisamaliro ku zomwe zachepetsedwa, ndipo muyesowu chifukwa gwero lokhalo lotetezeka silinali lokwanira.
Kulimbitsa makina oyendera
Zinali zofunikira kuti ndikhale ndi chisankho chothandiza kwambiri, kenako aliyense amakumbukiridwa pafupi ndi kusankha ndi cholembera cha zitsulo ndi zida za X-ray. Pa Julayi 17, 1970, bwalo la ndege la New Orleans ku Louisiana linayamba kugwiritsa ntchito maginito kuti adziwe maginito kuti adziwe zida kapena zitsulo limodzi ndi mawonekedwe a omwe akukwera.
Kuyambira pa Januware 5, 1973, kuyang'ana kwachilengedwe chonse kumayambitsidwa, ndipo aliyense amayenera kudutsa zowunikira zitsulo, komanso kupereka chikwama chowunikira. Pambuyo pake, chaka chimodzi chinatuluka lamulo loyenerera pa chitetezo cha mpweya. Kutulutsa ndege kwa ndege kunayamba kukhala pachiwopsezo choposa zaka 50 zapitazo. Njira zotetezera chitetezo zimachepetsa kwambiri milandu yotereyi, koma, kachilomboka, sanathetse chiopsezo.
Komanso "kupotoza mtedza"
Pambuyo pa tsoka lowopsa pamwamba pa Lockey mu 1988, zigawenga zitagwera anthu 270, chidwi chapadera chinayamba kulipidwa katundu wa okwera. Chowonadi ndi chakuti bomba lomwe lili mu boeing 747 linagwa pa Scotland linali m'nyumba, yomwe idadutsa X-ray! Koma kunyalanyaza kwa zolakwa ndi zotetezedwa zachitetezo kunapangitsa kuti zitheke.
Zigawenga zitatha pa Seputembara 11, ndale za zitseko za oyendetsa ndege zimayamba kuchitapo kanthu, ndipo kuletsa zinthu zakuthwa kumalimbikitsidwanso. Ndipo ngakhale pambuyo pake, pambuyo poyesera kusokoneza ndegeyo ndi madzi ophulika, zoletsa pa waya mu kanyumbako zidayambitsidwa.
Matupi amawongolera ndizosavuta kuletsa chilichonse chomwe chimakhala chowopsa kuposa kuwononga nthawi yambiri pa chekero cha chilichonse ndi chilichonse. Airlines amathanso kumveketsa, makamaka kuyambira pomwe kuphatikiza chitetezo, amayesetsa kuchepetsa mndandandawo komanso nthawi yodutsa macheke onse.
Nthawi zonse pamakhala nkhani yovuta yopulumutsa moyenera pakati pa kusagwirizana ndi njira zachitetezo komanso zovuta zomwe akuyenda ndi kusungidwa kwawo. Nthawi zambiri, anthu amakakamizidwa kuti azikhala kwa maola ambiri odikirira m'chipinda chomwe akuyembekezeredwa kuti adzalowetsedwa kudzikolo, kapena kutsatira momwe amakulira pa zinthu zawo. Ndondomeko yochititsa manyazi kwambiri, koma muzochitika ngati izi palibe. Zimakhumudwitsa kwambiri kuti zochita zonsezi zimaperekedwa ngati njira zofunika chitetezo. Koma tonse tiyenera kupirira zomwe zikuchitika, chifukwa ndizowononga zomwe zimapangitsa ndege kukhala zoyendayenda kwambiri padziko lapansi.