Mu ntchito yatsopano pa TV ya TV, kuyankhulana ndi asayansi apadera a Chitata cha Chitata cha Chitata cha Chitata cha Chitata komwe adzasindikizidwe pamilungu.
Wosankhidwa wathupi ndi masamu, mefelor profesa marat nazichavich marat vazichovich idakhala ngwazi yapadera ya ntchito yapadera.
Poyankhulana ndi mtolankhani, Tnv, Lotimelin analankhula za chingwe ndi kuyenga kwa anthu podziwa zilankhulo zingapo, pa maphunziro adziko kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la 20, komanso akatswiri azachipatala a Chitata.
"Pali maphunziro mu chilankhulo cha Chitata, koma ku Russia - samasiyana muzokhutira"
- Inu munayima pa chiyambi cha maphunziro apadziko lonse mu 90s. Kodi mukuwona chiyani masiku ano?
- Inde, ndinali m'modzi mwa anthu omwe anali kuchita maphunziro a dziko lonse. Kenako gulu lalikulu la aphunzitsi linagwira ntchito, ntchito iyi yogwira mtima ndipo munthu m'modzi sadzakhoza kuchita ntchito imeneyi. Chowonadi ndi chakuti timagwiritsa ntchito mawu oti chilankhulo, chimagwiritsidwa ntchito polembera anthu, ndipo anthu amagwiritsa ntchito, koma ali ndi tanthauzo losiyana la kumvetsetsa mdziko lapansi komanso ku Russia. Mwachitsanzo, ku Russia potanthauzira kwa Tishkov, ichi ndi chilankhulo chomwe munthu amakhala nacho. Dziko limawonedwa ngati chilankhulo - chilankhulo cha anthu awo.
- Kodi mukusiyana?
- Kusiyana kwakukulu! Munthu sangakhale ndi chilankhulo cha chinenerocho ndipo ichi ndi chizindikiro cha kukhala ndi chiyembekezo. Mwachitsanzo, malinga ndi kawerengero wa 2010, matope 5 miliyoni a miliyoni miliyoni salankhula chilankhulo. Izi zikutanthauza kuti tatar pofika mu 2010 ndi 25% yolimbikitsa. Ndikuganiza, chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa chaka chino, chizindikirochi chidzakulira. Chifukwa chake, chilankhulo cha anthu anu ndi chilankhulo cha anthu anu. Kwa wachitata, chilankhulo cha Russia kulibe, ngakhale atakhala kuti alibe tsankho.
- i.e. Chizindikiritso ndi chilankhulo cholumikizidwa?
- cholumikizidwa kwambiri! Popita nthawi, osati kumvetsetsa chilankhulo kungapangitse kuti munthu azitaya chikhalidwe cha anthu ake.
- Pambuyo mibadwo ingati?
- Mibadwo iwiri. Ndikufuna tikambirane pankhani ya maphunziro akudziko, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti pali mtundu wina wa maphunziro osalowerera ndale. Koma, maphunziro aliwonse ndi fuko. Chifukwa chake, liwulo maphunziro padziko lonse lapansi ndi nyansi, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito m'dziko lathu. Pali maphunziro mu chilankhulo cha Chitata, koma ku Russia - samasiyana muzomwe zili! Makhalidwe ofanana ndi chidziwitso.
- Udindo wa maphunziro adziko ndi luso la chilankhulo limakhalanso ndi malingaliro?
- Inde, inde, mwachindunji! Chifukwa chilankhulo sichibadwa. Munthu aliyense amabadwa wopanda chilankhulo.
- Koma tikunena kuti padziko lapansi ndi zinthu zomwe zilipo, banja kapena sukulu chabe?
- Sukulu - Chofananira! Banja pokhapokha munthu akagona. Kupatula apo, moyo wonse umachitika mu Kindergarten, kuntchito, kusukulu.
- Koma anthu ambiri amati chilankhulo cha Chitata chikufunika kusungidwa m'banja ...
"Zikadakhala choncho, ndiye kuti Kazan a Chikuda sangasangalatsenso ana awo." Kupatula apo, atafika m'mudzi wa chilankhulo chawo unali Loti, iwo adalikufotokozera, koma ana awo adalankhulapo kale ku Russia.
"Chitanda chalowa ku Russia ndi maiko awo, sanagwe kuchokera ku Mwezi!"
- Munapambana bwanji maphunziro muanu (Chitata) mu 90s? Kodi tidapeza chiyani tsopano?
- The 90s ndi zaka za Remaissance, kuchira. Ngati mungayang'ane nkhaniyo, ndiye kuti kutopa akhala ndi dongosolo labwino kwambiri. Asanalowe ku Russia ndipo atalowa Russia, dongosololi lasungidwa. Zachidziwikire, kudali kwina kwa zaka 200 zinali kulibe, koma kuyambira 1700 udali kale kutsegulidwa kwaulamuliro ndi iwo a Madrasa ndipo onse a Chitata adalandira maphunziro.
Mu 1870, pulogalamu yopanga mapangidwe a alendo adatengedwa ku Russia, idaleredwa ndi Tolstoy. Ili ndi gawo losiyana, lalikulu kwa tatars. Ndipo zitachitika, zolengedwa zaboma mulingo wa maphunziro mu chilankhulo cha Chitata. Kusintha kwakukulu kwa Okutobala kunali kumasula m'dziko lawo. Anthu ena nthawi zambiri amatulutsidwa, mwachitsanzo, chinsalu, mtengo adapanga malo osiyana. Matato a mbiri yakale pa mbiri yakale adakhalabe gawo la Russia, koma kwa iwo panali nyengo zonse zakukwaniritsidwa.
- Kodi zidakhala nthawi yayitali?
- mpaka 1934. Izi zisanachitike, kuwonongedwa kunalibe maphunziro pagulu, kunanalipo ndi anthu. Maphunziro anali okha ku Russia komanso mfulu, ndipo Chitata adaphunzitsidwa ndalama zawo. Komanso, ku Madrasa, zinali zoletsedwa kuphunzira masamu, chemistry, biology. Madrasa "Izh-Bubi" ndi otchuka poti kunayamba kuphunzitsa zinthu m'chinenerochi komanso chifukwa cha izi adayikidwa m'ndende zaka 10.
Mu 1920, Republic of Tatorstan idapangidwa, koma kale mu chaka cha 18, woyamba kulandira maphunziro aulere, wovomerezeka, woyambirira m'chinenedwe cha Chitata. Panali zolembedwa za ana onse kusukulu, pamitundu yonse, mpaka ku yunivesite. Ndinkayang'ana zakale ku Moscow, zomwe zimasungidwa ku sukulu iliyonse m'madera onse a Russia.
- Zonse zidachitika bwanji?
- Aphunzitsi adasindikizidwa, aphunzitsi okonzedwa mu Omsk, Tomsk, UFA, Orereburg. Ma pedechils adagwira ntchito, ophunzira oyamba. Pokulitsa nyumba ya nyumba "Kuunikira" mabuku osindikizidwa, ndi nthambi yokha yomwe yagwira ntchito ku Kazan. Mabuku awa adakundani ku Russia konse. Mu Unduna wa maphunziro unali Dipatimenti Yophunzitsa dziko, yomwe yonse idalamulidwa. Palibe Diaspora wachichepere ku Russia, chifukwa Russia ndi malo obadwira. Tator okhala ku USA - Diaspora. Tatola adalowa ku Russia ndi maiko awo, sanagwe kuchokera ku Mwezi!
Mu 1934, adaloledwa kusankha kwaulere kulankhula chilankhulo chomwe timadzitama. Koma izi sizikuyenda bwino kuti ziyambire zonse za sayansi ya pluogogical, chifukwa aphunzitsi onse akulu a Kamensky, Disterweog, a UShinsky ananena kuti maphunziro ayenera kukhala mchilankhulo chawo. Disterdeg inati: "Aphunzitsi sayenera kukhala chilankhulo chokha, ayenera kukhala oyimira anthu awa, zonyamula chikhalidwe."
Pambuyo pake, masukulu omwe ali ndi Chitata adayamba kutseka, maphunziro a aphunzitsi adayima. Koma Napisk yapadera inayamba mu 1937, idayambitsa kuyesa mayeso mu chilankhulo cha Russia, ndipo chilankhulo chawo chidathetsedwa, polemba adasinthidwa ku Cyrillic. Mu nkhondo yayikulu ya dziko la dziko la dziko la dziko la dziko la dziko la dziko lapansi, mayunivesite onse oyenda m'magawo ena amatseka kusowa kwa ndalama ndi manyuzipepala nawonso. Ndipo mwachilengedwe, masukulu osaphunzitsira amatsekedwa.
Ku Tatarstan, kwa zaka 4 za aphunzitsi mu Chitata cha Chitata, sakukonzekera.
- Mukutanthauza ndani?
- masamu, opanga zamankhwala, amoyo.
- i.e. Kodi awa ndi omwe amaphunzitsa m'chinenedwe?
- Inde! Chifukwa ndimatchedwa nkhwangwa iyi, ndikupanga malonda - mufunika mbuye. Ku Tatarstan panali ndondomeko ina, yakuya kwambiri - chilankhulo - chilankhulo chinalengezedwa State, ndi pulogalamu yoyambira chilankhulo cha Chitata yomwe idakhazikitsidwa. Tsopano tili ndi chilankhulo cha Chitata sichigwiritsidwa ntchito pamoyo. Koma m'mawu a Chitata cha Chitata, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito maphunziro apamwamba, kupanga. Chilankhulo cha Chitata chimaphatikizidwanso m'chinenerochi chothandizidwa ndi Finns. Mwachitsanzo, ndidapereka ulaliki umodzi pamisonkhano ija ku Moscow za zokumana nazo kusukulu ndi chilankhulo cha Chitata, ndidanena kuti maphunziro onse amaphunzitsidwa ku Chitata. Kuchokera ku holo adafunsa funso kuti: "Bwanji? Kodi mumaphunzitsa masamu m'chinenerocho? Ndipo iwe usiyira kuti? ", Ndipo ndikuti kumeneko uli kuti, ndi masamu, sinus ndi cosine ndi mawu owoneka aku Russia osawoneka ?! Inde sichoncho! Ndinatha kuwatsimikizira.
- Nanga bwanji makolo akuchita mantha kupatsa ana awo kumoto wa ku National?
- Chifukwa pali zonama! Chitata sichikudziwa asayansi awo. Chitata chimalumikizidwa ndi ndani? Ndi ovina, oimba, mopitilira mu atolankhani ndi olemba. Ndipo tili ndi asayansi ambiri otchuka osati kutatan, komanso padziko lonse lapansi! Mwachitsanzo, Rashid Ssunal, ali ndi nkhawa kwambiri kuti ku Yunivesite ya Kazan, ndi maloto ake, akulankhula za izi ku Congress iliyonse.
- Koma tili ndi Institute of Chitata, kumasulira ...
- Mukulakwitsa, mu chilankhulo cha Chitata. Pa Myhenge, wamwamuna wa FIZ, palibe biofaq, koma pali akatswiri omwe ali m'magawo amenewa!
- Kodi mwina ndi mbadwo watha?
- Ayi! Mu 90s, pachabe sizinakhale, tidamasula ophunzira ambiri omwe ali ndi chilankhulo.
- Mwina ndikofunika kumanga yunivesite ya dziko?
- University amatanthauza kukhala polyilival, kuphatikizapo Chitata. Kuperewera kwa mayunivesite athu onse aku Russia - palibe Chingerezi champhamvu. Mwachitsanzo, ndidaphunzira Chingerezi kusukulu yomaliza maphunziro, chifukwa wasayansi azikhala patsogolo pa sayansi yoyenera. Sayansi Iyulloal! Tikukhala ku Russia ndipo tikuyenera kudziwa Chirasha, komanso kudziwa chilankhulochi, sizipweteka, koma chidzalemeretsa munthu aliyense. Tsopano padziko lapansi, zomwe makampani ambiri ndi makampani amalimbikitsa umwini wa anthu omwe ali ndi ziyankhulo zochepa. Sosaiyi iyi ikugawanika, imagwira ntchito ndi kukulitsa chidziwitso.
- Maphunziro a polysalkia akupanga dziko lonse lapansi?
- Inde! Ndipo chilankhulo cha chinenerocho ndi luso lalikulu lophunzitsira. Awo. Munthu amene salankhula chilankhulo chake samatengedwa kuti ndi munthu wophunzira.
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