Gulu la asayansi kuchokera ku yunivesite yaulimi, Institute of the Heilongsian Academy of the Armilmiramin Sciences (Haas) ndi Hight Heriun University ku Harbin kukhala chilengedwe monga chilengedwe cha China. Munkhani yomwe inafalitsidwa pa MDPI portal, olemba, makamaka, lembani izi.
"Soybean yokonzeka yamakhalidwe ndi yofunika kwambiri, kugwira ntchito ngati chakudya kwa anthu onse komanso ziweto. Ngakhale zokolola za Soybeans zachuluka kwambiri mpaka zaka zana zapitazi (posankhidwa kwa mizere ya soya ndi zokolola zambiri, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya matekinoloji yapangidwa), vuto lopapatiza - vuto. Masiku ano, a Soybea safunika kungololera kwambiri, komanso kupewetsa mavuto amderali.
Chifukwa chake, pakufunika kuphunzira zinthu zolemera zamitundu yosiyanasiyana.
Chidenzo chakuthengo chimakhala ndi majini ofunikira pakusintha mikhalidwe yovuta yazovuta kuwononga minofu kupita ku tizilombo tambiri. Mitundu iyi ya ma soya yakutchire imatha kukhazikitsidwanso m'mitundu yopangidwa chifukwa chosowa chotchinga pakati pa kuthengo komanso kulima.
Adanenanso kuti Soybean Wathengo achokera ku East Asia, ndi China, Chikhalidwe Chapamwamba Chaka 6000-9000 BC. Makamaka Soya ndi amodzi mwa mbewu zazikuluzikulu m'chigawo cha China, komwe mungatero Pezani zida za Dijoros mogwirizana ndi malo apadera ndi chilengedwe.
Pofuna kupanga mafakitale a soy, kuwunika kwathunthu kwa mawonekedwe a chizolowezi cha soya adzalemeretsa maziko a majini ndikukhala akupambana m'masankhidwe a soyoni.
Mu ntchitoyi, zitsanzo za maselo 242 a plasma ya kutchire za kutchire zam'madzi zidasanthula. Anasankhidwa m'mizinda 13 ya diilongjiang m'chigawo komanso mwachilengedwe m'madera anayi, omwe ndi ampoto (dera III) ndi Westmer (dera III) NTHAWI ZONSE ZA KULIMBITSA KWA Aiilongsiang.
Zigawo zinayi izi zidagawidwa m'magulu okhudzana ndi mpumulo wawo, nthaka ndi mipeni.
- M'derali ine - nyengo yabwino komanso yonyowa, mpumulowo unkadziwika ndi mapiri ozungulira okhala ndi zigwa zazikulu komanso zazing'ono.
- Dera ii anali wa mafumu obiriwira pamtunda wotsika komanso wathyathyathya wokhala ndi nthaka yachonde komanso madzi ambiri.
- Dera ii anali njira yotsitsimulira yovuta yokhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana yazomera, kulowa kumidzi komanso nkhalango komanso madzi ambiri.
- Mu dera la IV, mtundu wapadera wampumulidwa ndi dothi lomwe silikuthandizira kukula kwa mitengo, anayimiritsa matalala.
Kuyesa konseku kudachitika mdera lalikulu la dziko la Academy of the Amicromical Science of Seilongjiang chigawo cha 2012 ndi 2013. M'mawu onse a ku Gronenizizindikiro adafufuzidwa pa zitsanzo za soya wokulirapo kuchokera kumanuko.
Chithunzi chokulira chakuthengo cha Soybean chinali chosiyana kwambiri ndi chikhalidwe, kuphatikiza zikhalidwe, kutalika kwakukulu kwa mbewu ndi zina zobisika zomwe zidayenera kulembedwa ndi ndodo za bamboo. Kusintha kosiyanasiyana kunalembedwa m'mbali zonse za soya, makamaka, kulemera ndi kuchuluka kwa mbewu pachomera, nyemba ndi kuchuluka kwa mawonekedwe.
Zizindikiro zisanu zokha (mwachitsanzo, unyinji wa njere 100, unyinji wa mbewu pachomera, kuchuluka kwa mbewu pachomera, kuchuluka kwa nyemba zovomerezeka ndi ma pod osavomerezeka pakati pa zitsanzo.
Zitsanzo zakumwera zimawonetsa unyinji wa mbewu 100 (3.26 g), unyinji wa mbewu pamtengo (30.03 g) ndi kuchuluka kwa nthambi (6.00 g). M'malo mwake, chiwembu chakumpoto chimadziwika ndi mbewu zazing'onoting'ono kwambiri pachomera (1.62 g), unyinji wa mbewu pamtengo (11.07 g), kuchuluka kwa ma pod okwanira ( 18.56), kuchuluka kwa nthambi (4.72).
Zitsanzo zochokera kumadzulo ndi kum'mawa zidawonetsa mikhalidwe yapakatikati pa kulemera 100 (1.67 ndi 2.75 g, motero), zolemera pamtundu wa mbewu (16.57 ndi 27.38 ndi 5, 97, motsatana ).
Kafukufuku wawonetsa kuti kusiyanasiyana kwa ma genetic kutchire komwe kumapezeka chifukwa cha kusankha kwanthawi yayitali kunapangitsa kuti asinthe soya zamtchire m'mitundu yosiyanasiyana yachilengedwe. Zambiri mwa "kumpoto" kwa singano, mbewu zazing'ono, palibe chodziwikiratu tsinde, kulemera kochepa 100 ndi index yayikulu.
Nthawi yomweyo, chifundo chakuthengo m'misasa itatu mwa zosonkhanitsa chinali ndi masamba owala ndi mbewu zazikulu, maluwa oyera ndi tsinde, zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito, imathandizira chilengedwe chonsecho soya.
Malo ofunika kwambiri kuti chitetezo cham'masulire chisamasansanso chipolopolo chakumpoto cha Heilongjiang, komwe kumapiri kwa mapiri ndi kozungulira, ndipo nyengo imazizira, ndipo Malo achilengedwe sakhala owerengeka. Poyerekeza ndi masamba ena, chiwembu chakumpoto chimadziwika ndi nyengo yochepa kwambiri ya mbewu chifukwa chopumira pang'ono, nyengo ndi chitukuko chamunthu. Zikuyembekezeredwa kuti tsamba lakumpotoyi likhoza kukhala ndi chuma cholemera kwambiri cha soya, chomwe chimalimbikitsidwa kuteteza ku Stu.
(Source: www.mdpi.com).