The end of January and especially February finally reminded us what frosts, what is snow and how, in fact, the real winter should look like. Such winter to with sledding, skiing, snowmen and, of course, with snowfalls, blizzards, snowdrifts. We waited for her for several years and now waited. And what is able to oppose snowfall engineering ideas? Consider the main types of cars found on the streets of cities, backbone tracks and airports.
On the areas of application, snow removal techniques can be divided into urban, trail and airfield. According to the type of drive of the working organs, snow blowers are divided into groups with passive and active working equipment. An engine is required to actuate active working bodies. There are other gradations, but it is already difficult professional technical information.
Snowboard in the city
Snow cleaning technologies in cities and on the tracks differ significantly. Let's start with the features of urban snowmock.
Small-sized tuber cleaners, or, as they are also called, sidewalk or yard, we begin to get distribution only now, although there were years of 70 years ago. Even the Minsk Plant "Drummer" Melkossorino did something similar with the motorcycle engine in the 1960s of the last century.
However, the most popular type of snow removal machines for urban sidewalks in Belarus remains the good old "for all occasions" the MTZ tractor. Plumber equipment consists of a dump, a coupling frame, pushing the rod and the lifting mechanism. The rope mounting system on the frame allows a rotation in the horizontal plane to the right and left relative to the longitudinal axis.
Dump shifts the snow to the side, but not all. Part remains. The rotating brush is designed to sweep the residues of snow that did not remove the dump. Brush equipment includes a frame, gearbox, a cardan, chain (or hydrostatic) transmission, a cylindrical brush with a lifting mechanism.
For trucks, which is removed the streets of the city, the principle of action is essentially the same, only the brush is located within the wheelbase. The speed of movement of the columns of such machines around the city is relatively small, so the dumps are used by the simplest configuration. These are so-called shifting effects. Snow is simply settled and moved to the sidelines.
After the passage of synockers of the shifting action, snow shafts are formed that need to be removed. For this work, several different types of equipment are used. One of the options is a cunning snow blower with an active worker. Initially, they were created for punching paths through multi-meter snow layers, but in cities and on the tracks they are used to clean the snow shafts left by plug-in snow plows.
This machine is called DE-226. For many years she was produced at the Minsk Plant "Drummer", which was the main manufacturer of such equipment in the USSR. Now the Schnekors are not collected in Minsk, but in Pinsk. Structurally, DE-226 goes back to the American Snogo, which was supplied to the USSR on Land Lesu during the Great Patriotic War. In fact, this is the kind of "Kalashnikov" Avtomatnikov among snowproofers - a decade worked with decades and proven its professionality, remaining relevant despite age. More often, the tubers are still on the tracks, but sometimes remove both the city streets, if there is a place where it is to transfer snow.
The tubors can also be used to load snow into dump trucks. A special guide casing is worn to a cunning work organ. Then the dump truck drives upside down. The snow loaded into it is taken further to the recycling places or melting. This method is used mainly on the tracks, but occasionally can be seen in the city.
The dump truck and the cunning snowpressure occupy two lanes at once. Very few where public utilities can afford it, so that special snow bruises are used to load snow into dump trucks in the cities, famous as "golden handles". Tandem from the dump truck and such "Hap-Hamcha" takes only one strip, which is definitely more convenient. The main producer of snow loads of this type in the USSR was also the Minister Plant "Drummer".
Concern "Amkodor" retained snow loads in their range, and last summer even showed a new model - "Amkodor WLC12L1". The paw feeder feeds the snow and shred ice to the scraper conveyor with trays to hold the frozen mass. From the conveyor, she falls into the body of the dump truck, following the loader. The basic chassis has the original, development and production of "amkodor", with an 81 kW engine with a D-245S2 engine. All bridges are presenters.
The scraper conveyor with the lifting rear section is equipped with a fence that impede the fall of snowy blocks. The loading height is adjustable, and the length of the length allows you to drive up to the conveyor to any dump truck even in front of the front. That is, the snow can be served above the cabin of the truck, which will take it later into disposal.
But still the snow turnover can not drive up in any place. There are enough cases when without a man with a shovel can not do. Then, universal construction front loaders are used to overload snow into the dump trucks, in the lifting bucket of which the skins are thrown.
Snow remarks on the tracks
Snow cleaning technology on country tracks is significantly different from urban. Large distances, large snow volumes. It is necessary to remove quickly, at high speed. Therefore, they need special snow removal dumps. They are called "high-speed". The second name is "fusey". At high speed, the snow inside them wrapped in a whirlwind and discarded far from the roadside.
A good commercial snow removal dump has a decent size, a lot of weighs, it is not suiced and requires special preparation of the basic truck. The MAZ-Man Plant produces a special chassis special elements in which the power frames of the dump are integrated into the frame of the base car. So much more reliable. Then the so-called mounting plate is then installed. Directly with her joining the coupling frame of the dump. On the same slab are hydraulics. Up / Down, Right / Left Heavy Duck is moved by powerful hydraulics. Do this equipment, of course, do not themselves, and buy from one of the world leaders - the Finnish company Arctic Machine. But the design of the chassis adapted to high-speed snowstuff is our.
To increase the width of the patrol cleaning and removal of snow shafts with the ropes, serves as a side dump. Its use reduces the number of passes of the machine. But this option is not always used.
Speed snow removal is an impressive spectacle. Single a kind of snow tornado can be seen from afar.
Snowboard at airports
A completely separate case - cleaning from the snow runway and opponents of airports. Here the time is crucial. And, of course, this is a question of aviation security. Aerodrome snow blowers - a complex and insanely expensive technique.
And the dimensions of the airfield snow removal techniques are completely different. For example, the width of this dump - 6.75 m! The height is 1.3 m. And this hefty Mahina on airfield standards belongs to ... CD. This dump was brought, by the way, not on the MAZ.
Despite the fact that the Mazovskaya cabin, the chassis here is original, the development of the Minsk company "Euromash". The aggregate base is all imported, of course. But our layout and assembly. In the standard design, the machine is equipped with a floating type blade, an airfield brush, a purge device and a magnetic separator.
And then the trailed plumbing brushful blowing airfields look like. This type of equipment is the main shock force to combat snow at airports. In Belarus, these cars make two private firms.
Large sneberners are also used at airports. About this king-snow blower "Amkodor 9532" we told. Recall the main characteristics. The maximum thickness of the snow, removed in one pass, is 1.6 m. The discard distance is up to 50 m. The operating body (rotor with a diameter of 1.5 m) is given by a separate 500-strong YAMZ-240NMA engine. The width of the seizure in one pass is 2.81 m. The performance of the reservoir working body of the new design is impressive - 4500 tons of snow per hour! This is not a typo. It is four and a half thousand tons. In general, this is a snow monster size from the bus: the length of the car is 12.5 m.
Anticolored treatment
But to move and remove the snow mass - half. After cleaning, there is always a thin layer of snow, which, losing, forms, forms.
Application of antifungal materials is perhaps the most effective way to combat the Hollyan on the transport highways. At the moment, three types of materials are used: inert, solid reagents and liquid chemical reagents. The first is sand and crushed stone, to the second - sandy-salt granular mixtures, to the third - potassium acetates and calcium chloride. There are many recipes and varieties that are chosen on the basis of combinations of different factors.
In essence, a snow removal is a whole science, which is devoted to hundreds of books and dissertations. Its main principles have been formed for a long time, but individual nuances are constantly being worked out additionally, and snow removal machines evolve.
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