The sun is a star, a huge red-hot ball, which is at a high distance from our planet. In the sky, it seems quite tiny and not easy to imagine how this "ball" heats the whole land. It's all about the distance, because in reality the sun is hundreds of times more.
How do the distance from the ground to the sun measured?
To find out the exact distance to the Sun, the ancient Greeks tried, which was not successful, since the settlement methods were too primitive. The first figures were able to submit Cassini and Riherher in 1672. Watching Mars's position and applying geometric calculations, they set the approximate distance - 139 million km.
In the second half of the XX century, scientists used the radar method. Its essence lies in the transmission of the pulse object - reflected from it, the impulse returns back. Based on the data, for which time it takes place from the ground to the Sun and back, more accurate calculations are made.
For measuring the outer space, such values as partares and lighting year are also used. The light year is the distance that the light overcomes over 1 "earth" year. The speed of light is approximately 300 million m / s, and 1 light year is equal to 9,46073047 × 1012 km.
Interesting fact: the distance from the Sun to the Earth is eight light minutes. It is so much time you need solar light to achieve our planet.
The exact distance from the Sun to the Earth is 150 million km. What is interesting, this indicator fluctuates during the year, as the orbit of our planet has an ellipsoid form. In July, it is 152 million km, and in January - 147 million km.
What phenomena can affect the Earth orbit?
To accurately estimate the change in the distance between the Earth and the Sun for long periods of time is much more difficult. Therefore, scientists are building theories on the basis of observations and model various variants of developing events.
Every year, our planet is removed from the sun by about 1.5 cm. There are influence of various factors. Mainly nuclear synthesis, which occurs in the sun. The fact is that with each second as a result of this process, it loses about 4,000,000 tons of mass. For such a huge celestial body, this is a minor indicator, but it gradually increases the earth orbit.
At the initial stages of existence, the Sun was surrounded by a protoplanetic disc (gaseous). Now the Earth faces these particles of the substance, which also affects its orbit - it changes approximately on the size of the proton (1 femometre or 10-15 m).
Affects the gravity of the Earth, different massive objects in the solar system. Each of these celestial bodies has a certain strength of attraction. There is a chance that the gravitational data forces bodies may affect the change of orbit.
The sun inevitably waits for the fate of the transformation into a red giant. When it happens, the kernel will grow even stronger, the outer shell will increase significantly in size and the process of helium synthesis will begin. That is, the sun will begin to highlight even more energy.
Becoming a huge red star, it will destroy some planets. For example, Venus and Mercury may disappear. Our planet can also be among them, but there is probably the fact that it will destroy. For this, the Earth should be completely removed from the Sun - about 15% and further the current radius.
Interesting fact: the age of the Sun is about 4.6 billion years. It is about in the middle of its life cycle.
Other galactic bodies can also affect the Earth's orbit, make it unstable. Sometimes these objects take place near our solar system - this happens extremely rare. The instability of the orbit threatens the movement of the planet until exiting the galaxy.
If the Earth is still surviving the conversion of the sun into a red giant, it will remain "tied" to it. Moreover, our planet will begin to reduce the distance to the Sun. This will affect gravitational radiation. The theory of Einstein says that two masses, in orbit rotating each other, emit gravitational waves.
Scientists consider several possible phenomena that affect the Earth orbit and the distance between the Sun and our planet. To date, the most powerful influence has a nuclear synthesis that occurs in the sun. Also, the orbit of the Earth may change as a result of gravitational instability, the transformation of the Sun in a red giant. The most likely is the hypothesis of the absorption of the Earth by the Sun in several billion years.
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