- At the beginning of 2021, 14,564.5 tons of seeds of spring grain and leguminous crops from the total presence of 14812.8 tons were checked by 14,564.5 tons of seeds of spring grain and leguminous crops, which was 98 percent. The GOST requirements correspond to 13079 tons, "said Marina Olyimov, head of the branch of the Russian Federation of Rosselkhozcenter. - The total volume of seeds in all cultures tested for sowing qualities in the stateship in 2020 amounted to 93100 tons.
The use of high-quality seeds guarantees the facilities of the region a good harvest and an effective investment.
- indicators of grain quality, common to all or several grain crops, are the color, smell, germination, humidity, vitality, damage, infection of pests, cleanliness, mass of 1000 seeds. We produce an average model of the grain party quality (approximately 1.5-2.kg), selectable from the grain mass according to the standard methodology, explains the deputy head of the seed production department of the Vladimir branch of Rosselkhozcentre Yana Balakhnin. - To determine individual quality indicators from the middle sample, samples are highlighted.
The color and smell of grain are estimated by the organoleptic method. In addition, in the laboratory, they investigate the energy of germination, germination and power of growth, since they depend on them and the friendship of the appearance of everyone without exception.
Cleaning seeds according to standard is normalized from 96 to 99% for different cultures.
The grain impurities are divided into two groups - weed and grain. The grain impurity includes broken, crushed or extended, sprouted, green seeds. To a weed - mineral adherence (land, sand, dust, pebbles) or organic impurities (parts of the column, films, grain of other crops, etc.). Burning grain lowers its value and makes it difficult to store. The content of seeds of weed plants is normalized for grain crops from 1 to 70 pieces per kilogram.
Also, experts check the grain on the infection of pests: beetles, butterflies, ticks. With a large depression of pests in the grain mass, the temperature and humidity increases, which contributes to self-heating. In addition, the grain is very polluted by the skins of larvae, dolls, dead insects.
The most important indicator of grain quality is humidity. What it is higher than the intensive breath of seeds, the temperature rises, the activities of microorganisms (mold, bacteria) increase. The moisture content in the seeds is determined by drying in the drying cabinet. The maximum value of moisture for seeds of grain crops is 15.5%. The main reason why seeds lose their part quickly - it is their high humidity. That is why just collected grain must be dried before storing.
Finally, one of the most important economic signs characterizing the quality of the seed material is the mass of 1000 seeds. It is associated with the size and grain making. The larger the seeds, the more their mass.
Large heavy grains have a greater supply of nutrients, so in the field conditions they give powerful plants providing a higher harvest. This indicator hesitates greatly in the same culture depending on the growing area, the degree of maturity and other factors. For example, the mass of 1000 wheat grains can be within 30 to 50 grams.
- These scientific institutions and the experience of farms show that sorts of high-quality seeds increases the harvest by 18-20% or more, - emphasize in the Vladimir branch of Rosselkhozcenter.
On the basis of laboratory research, agriors issues test reports, conclusions and necessary recommendations for the conduct of spring-field work and improving the quality of seed material.
It should be noted that, according to the Federal Law "On Semenovstruction", the North-Docternary Seeds, the varietal and sowing qualities of which do not meet the requirements of state standards, is prohibited.
If, when checking seeds for the germination of the indicators below the standard standard, specialists of the Vladimir branch of Rosselkhozcenter recommend farms to update the seed material.
Acquire seeds follows proven suppliers or from manufacturers themselves, must with documents confirming the quality. When checking for grain damage, if the part of the seed does not pass according to the standard, it is recommended to sort.
Before booking, the seeds and after the liberation of the warehouse from the grain, experts advise preventive measures to disinfect the chemical method from the pests of bread reserves.
(Source and photo: press service of the Vladimir branch of Rosselkhozcenter).