Landing is considered the most difficult part of the flight of the passenger aircraft. The pilot independently plant an aircraft, although with the development of technologies in this a variety of systems helps it. But can the aircraft land in automatic mode?
How is the plane landing?
The flight completion by the aircraft is called landing. During the landing, the plane slows down and approximately with 25 m begins to drop on the runway (runway) until the full stop. Light aircraft can do it on 9 m. During this process, the ability to correct the error of automation or pilot is practically absent.
Immediately before landing, the plane comes on boarding. The vessel holds certain maneuvers near the airfield, changing the configuration of transport to landing. For example, the pilot releases the chassis, then the foresters and gradually the flaps. All this reduces the speed of the vessel.
By landing, the pilot can either plant transport, or if necessary to go to the second round. He must decide on this not lower than the PRD, the so-called decision height, which is most often 60 m.
Landing is divided into several stages that last in general 6-10 seconds:
- 8-10 m from the surface, the alignment begins, which moves to withstand at an altitude of about 1 m;
- During withstanding, the decline and deceleration continues to those values when landing and mileage becomes possible;
- landing stage, when the lifting force decreases and increases the vertical speed, is called parachute;
- Landing is the contact of the aircraft with runway.
Interesting fact: at the same time there are about 11,000 aircraft in the air.
Ability to automatic landing
The ability to land in automatic mode has a passenger plane. The aircraft can independently have an approach to land, align, touch the surface of the runway, occupy its center, use aerodynamic and wheeled brakes.
However, landed, the plane is not able to independently go to the taxi track. Despite this, the pilots are very rarely relying on automation during the landing. Exception is very bad visibility, fog. And vice versa, if an enhanced side wind is observed, WFP is snow-covered or wet, then the pilots are obliged to plant the aircraft manually.
Even if the passenger aircraft is automatic landing, the pilot carefully monitors all the devices to transfer control to manual mode in the case of emergency. Also landing occurs much softer under the control of the pilot than the automation.
To plant the aircraft in authorsham not enough to have modern equipment on board. The fact is that it also depends on the airport - there should be a courso-glidey system of the third category. It is a radio beacon that leads the aircraft and adjusts its path. This system works in normal mode, even if the passenger board is completely de-energized.
Interesting fact: the first passenger flight was performed in 1911 by the French aircraft Blerio XXIV Limousine. In 1913, Russia released the "C-21 Grand" or "Russian Vityaz", which is the first 4-engine aircraft in the world. It was delivered several records, but the vessel did not perform regular transportation of passengers.
The automatic planting system of the passenger aircraft is possible, however, is used very rarely. Its use is optimal with foggy weather, poor visibility, and is also possible only if there is a certain category of the Kursa-glimage system at the aerodrome.
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