Ungayenza malini imali ekutshalweni kwemali

Umtshalizimali we-novice uvame ukukhathazeka umbuzo oyinhloko: Ungakwenza malini utshalomali? Kukufanele ukwenze lokhu ukuthi kunenzuzo kangakanani ukutshala imali? Noma mhlawumbe kulula ukuthola umnikelo oya ebhange futhi angenzi lutho?

Ongakwazi ukutshala imali imali

Kunezindlela eziningi zokutshala imali kwemali, kanye nokutshalwa kwezimali kuhluke ekubuyeni kwazo kanye nengozi yabo. Kwezimali Kunomthetho ongafinyeleleki: inzuzo ephezulu kakhulu, ingozi enkulu.Amasheya

Ukutshalwa kwemali kwenziwa ukuhlukanisa amakilasi ahlukahlukene. Ngokunjalo, ngokwesibonelo, zombili izimali ezitokisini, amasheya kanye nezibopho. Amasheya ukuphepha kwezokulingana, ukuthenga amasheya, umtshalizimali uba ngumnikazi webhizinisi, angahle afune isabelo emholo wawo ngendlela yezinzuzo nezinzuzo ekukhuleni kwezingcaphuno.

Amabhomu

Ngokungafani nokwabelana, ama-bond amathuluzi ezikweletu. Basondele kakhulu kwidiphozi ebhange. Umtshalizimali angabala izinkokhelo zamakhuphoni aqinisekisiwe uma zinikezwe ngokukhululwa kanye nokuthola inani elithile ekugcineni kwethemu. Kepha ngokungafani negalelo ebhange, umtshalizimali angathengisa ngesibopho nganoma yisiphi isikhathi futhi athole inani lawo lemakethe.

Izimali ze-PA

Ngaphezu kokuthengwa okuzimele kwezokuphepha, kukhona nezindlela ezihlanganyelwe zokutshala imali ngosizo lwezimali zokwakhiwa kwezimali. Isikhwama siyindawo eyodwa yezimali ezihlangene zabatshalizimali, ekugcineni ziphethwe ochwepheshe futhi zisetshenziselwa ukutshala imali kumaphromoshini afanayo, amabhondi kanye nezinye izimpahla.

Izimpahla, ezifuywayo

Ngokweqiniso, ukutshalwa kwezimali kufaka phakathi ukutshalwa kwezimali ekuvikelweni okuvela ekutholweni, uma kwenziwa hhayi ekuthengeni kwangempela noma ukuthengiswa kwezimpahla okubazungezile - imali, igolide, uwoyela, izinguquko ngenxa yezingcaphuno. Kodwa-ke, lolu hlobo lokutshala imali lungebungozi kakhulu futhi olungakwazi ukufanelana nabatshalizimali abazimele, ikakhulukazi abaqalayo.

Imali ebomvu

Uhlobo Lwangasese Lokutshalwa Kwezimali Ngokucaciswa Kwalo - Ukuthenga Izinsimbi Eziyigugu. Ngeshwa, ngenkathi okwenziwayo ngensimbi yangempela kukhokhiswa intela ngenani elingezwe, lolu hlobo lokutshala imali luhlala lungathuthukiswanga futhi alufunwa ngokuphelele.

Imali, indawo ethengiswayo

Endlini sibiza ukutshalwa kwezimali uma sithenga imali noma indawo ethengiswayo. Ukukhuluma ngokuqinile, akunjalo. Kusukela lapho kubukwa umbono wokutshalwa kwezimali kulezi zimpahla akuhlobene nokutshalwa kwemali. Izimali - Ingxenye hhayi yokutshala imali, kanye nezimakethe zemali, kanye nezindawo ezithengiswayo - Ngokuvamile umqondo uzimele ngokuphelele. Kodwa-ke, kusobala, kusukela lapho kubukwa umtshalizimali ojwayelekile, lezi zinhloso futhi zokuhlalisa imali.

Izinto zobuciko nokunye

Enye, ngobukhulu, indawo evamile yokutshala imali ukuthenga imisebenzi yobuciko, antique, njll. Noma kunjalo, ukuze ubhekane nalolu hlobo lokutshala imali, kubalulekile ukuqonda kahle kakhulu. Lolu hlobo lokutshalwa kwemali lucacile hhayi kuwo wonke umuntu.

Izinsuku zokutshala imali

Inzuzo yokutshala imali incike ethemu leyo mali itshala imali. Uma kunjalo, okuphezulu komtshalizimali angalindela isivuno esikhulu. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi sitshale imali imali, ukwenqaba kokuthile okulungile nanamuhla, lapha nakanje. Kulokhu, kusuka endaweni yezomnotho yokubuka, kufanele kukhokhwe inkokhelo yezomnotho, enye noma enye isinxephezelo kufanele ikhokhwe, kuya ngesikhathi sokubambezeleka kwethu ukusebenzisa izifiso.

Iphuzu lesibili ukuthi isikhathi esithe xaxa, aphezulu, ngeshwa, ubungozi lapho utshalomali lwethu lubekwe khona. Ngesikhathi eside, amathuba okuthuthuka okungathandeki kwemicimbi - ukuqothuka okukhishwe, ushintsho esimweni salo sezezimali ngenxa yokuthola ukwehla kwemikhiqizo yalo, ukuqala kwezomnotho noma umnotho ophelele , njalo njalo.

Njengomzekeliso, ukuthembela kwenzuzo yenzuzo yama-bond kusuka kusikhathi esisele kuya kokukhokha kwawo kungenzeka.

Isibonelo sangempela sika-2020. Ngokwesilinganiso sokunyusa ngo-5.5%, lesi simo senzelwe emakethe. Amabhondi anesikhathi esingaphansi konyaka u-5.2-5.3% ngonyaka. Unyaka owodwa 5.3-5.5%. Ngokuvuthwa kweminyaka emihlanu 5.6-5.7%. Iminyaka eyishumi 6.1-6.2%, njalonjalo.

Ungathola malini?

Sizohlaziya izibonelo ngendlela ongathola ngayo ezinhlotsheni ezahlukahlukene zokutshalwa kwemali, ake sithi ngo-2020. Imakethe yesitoko yaseRussia ikhule, yahlulela yinkomba, ngo-13%. Ngakho-ke, uma umtshalizimali etshale iphepha elifanayo kwiphothifoliyo yakhe elenza inkomba ye-Moscow Exchange, wayezothola imali okungenani ephakeme kabili njengomnikelo oya ebhange.

Esikhathini esifanayo, izinhlangano zesikweletu zaheha iminikelo yamaphesenti ama-4-5. Futhi emakethe yezibopho zokuphepha zikahulumeni, isivuno sasinjengesibona esibonelweni esedlule, 5.2% ngonyaka. Ngokuya ngamabhondi ezinkampani, isivuno sasiphakeme kakhulu - amaphesenti angama-6- 10, kuya ngokwethenjwa kwamabhizinisi.

Ngakho-ke, ukubeka imali ngomthengisi ku-stock exchange, umtshalizimali angabalwa emakethe yebhondi, mawabe hhayi amabili, kepha abe munye nesigamu ngaphezulu ebhange. Ngasikhathi sinye, kunjalo, ukutshalwa kwezimali okunjalo akukubi ngaphansi kweziqinisekiso zediphozithi.

Kepha, ngakolunye uhlangothi, uma uthenga izibopho zezinkampani ezinkulu kakhulu zaseRussia, khona-ke ubukhona bawo bunikezwa okungenani ukufinyelela kwezimpahla. Kubo, ngokungafani nezikhungo zezikweletu, njengomthetho, izimpahla zangempela zokukhiqiza ezikhiqiza imali ezinzile kufanelekile.

Futhi kuthiwani ngezinye izinhlobo zokutshala imali? Abahlaziyi beMakethe Yezindawo Zokuhlala bathi baphikisa ukuthi izinto zikhuphuke ngentengo unyaka owodwa ngaphezulu kwe-16%. Kepha ngasikhathi sinye, le datha kufanele uqaphele kakhulu:

• Okokuqala, ama-realtors ahlala njalo, ngaphansi kwanoma yiziphi izimo, aphikisana ngokuthi amanani akhula, noma ngabe empeleni inkambiso ihlukile.
• Okwesibili, iziphakamiso azikabi inani langempela lento ethile, ukuze athengise okuthile, izindleko kufanele ziphonse, ezihlala zisezingeni lesivumelwano esingewona umphakathi phakathi komthengisi nomthengi. Imakethe yezezakhiwo ibonakala kakhulu ngokusobala hhayi kakhulu njengemakethe yezokuphepha.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, izindleko zethikithi lokungena liyehluka kakhulu. Okokutshalwa kwezindawo ezithengiswayo, okungenani izigidi eziningana zivame ukudingeka, uma lokhu kungeyona uhlelo oluhlanganayo, ngenkathi ngithenga isibopho esifanayo kwi-Moscow Stock Exchange ama-ruble ayizinkulungwane eziyikhulu.

Akunakwenzeka ukuthi ungasho ukuthi enye yezinhlobo ezinhle kakhulu zokutshalwa kwemali ngo-2020 kwaba ukuthengwa okulula kwemali. Amadola akhuphuke ngentengo ngaphezulu kwama-20%, kanti i-euro cishe ingama-30%.

Lokhu kusikisela ukuthi ukwenza imali ngangokunokwenzeka ekutshalweni kwemali, kungenzeka kulabo abanikela ngemali kumathuluzi aqokwe ngemali yakwamanye amazwe. Noma kunjalo iqiniso lokuthi ekuqaleni amaphesenti abukeka ngaphezu kwesizotha. Isibonelo, bekuzuzisa ukutshala imali kuma-Russian EuroOnds, lapho amaphesenti ama-4 angatholakala khona, kepha ngohlobo lwemali, hhayi ekuqhubeni.

Yini okufanele uyinake ukutshala imali

Ake sifingqe. Izici okufanele zikhokhwe endaweni yokuqala zingancishiswa ziye kokulandelayo.

1. Ama-Macroeconomics: I-inflation elindelekile kanye nenkambo yemali kazwelonke yizinkomba ezimbili ezivela ukuthi zibaluleke kakhulu emiphumeleni yokutshala imali.
2. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kudinga ngokuqinile ekuthembekeni kwabakhiphi, emholweni wabo, kwawo, kuzokhokhwa kubatshalizimali.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, naphezu kwezingozi ezithile, kufanele kutshalwe imali. Ngoba ungenza imali ekutshalweni kwemali okungaphezu kokumane ubeke imali ebhange.