Iqembu lososayensi elivela emanyuvesi amaningana ezolimo (i-City Fierruz YouSoff, Farhar Charon, Nigudi Tib, Mahmud Tenge Muda Mohamed kanye neCity Izer Ismail) Ishicileli imiphumela yomsebenzi wazo ekufanelekeni kwamaqabunga e-vernonia.
"I-mold mushrytis cinerea isekugxilwe kwi-phytopalides ngenxa yokwahlukahlukana kwezitshalo ezisingathwa kanye nobukhona obuhle. Utamatisi ngumgcini wokutholwa kwe-B. Cininerea, okubangela isifo se-sulfur-sulfur, okuholela ekulahlekelweni okukhulu komnotho.
Njengamanje, amasu amasha nocwaningo aqhubeka nokuthola ukukhukhumeza okuthembekile, okunobungane nezemvelo ukuze ulwe nale pathogen eyingozi.
Kufakazelwe ukuthi izitshalo ziyakwazi ukukhiqiza izinto zokuvikelwa kwemvelo ekucindezelweni kwemvelo ekucindezelweni kwe-biotic neye-Abiotic, kufaka phakathi ukuhlaselwa kwamagciwane. Amalungiselelo e-botanical anezinhlanganisela ze-antifungal ezivela ezintweni zemifino ezingavuthiwe ngokuvamile zifaka izinhlobo eziningana, njenge-emulsions, imikhiqizo yokukhishwa elawulwayo (ngokwesibonelo, amaphilisi) namapopi.
Phakathi kwalezi zingoma, abacwaningi bakhetha ukwakheka kwe-emulsion ye-extract eluhlaza ukuze basebenzise i-solubity yezakhi ze-bioactive, ngoba i-nanotechnology yenza kube nokwenzeka ukuthuthukisa ukwakhiwa kwe-botanical.
I-Nanomaulsia ubuchwepheshe obusha emkhakheni wezolimo. Le nqubo iqinile ezinzile, inama-kinetics aphezulu, ifaka ukudluliselwa kwama-nanoparticles, kusiza ukufakwa futhi kunomthamo ophakeme wokuqothula. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwakheka kwe-nano-emulsion kunganikeza ukusebenza kahle okukhulu, kuqinisekiswe ukuhlanganiswa okuphezulu okunama-pathogen, umthamo ophansi we-ejenti esebenzayo nokuqina. Ubukhulu bezinhlayiyana e-nano-emulsion imvamisa bungaphansi kwama-500 nm, futhi ukusatshalaliswa kosayizi akuguquki noma kuhlanjululwe ngamanzi.
IVernonia Amygdalina Extract iqukethe izinto ezi-antifungal, kufaka phakathi i-squalene, i-phytol, u-Triakontan, i-heptakosan ne-neofitaden.
Impumelelo ekwakhekeni kwe-nano-ablusions embonini ye-pesticidal inyusa inzalo ekuthuthukisweni kokwakhiwa kwamaqabunga v. amygdalina njenge-bioficicide ephikisana nesifo se-tulfur se-tomatoes ephephile futhi ephumelelayo.
Kulokhu, ososayensi bekhono lezolimo e-University of Putra eMalaysa eMalaysia baqoqa amaqabunga e-vernonia, bageza kahle, bebomile kuhhavini ku-40 ° C amahora ama-4.
Amacembe omisiwe aqhekezwa abe yimpuphu futhi aqhuba isizinda esingaguquki kuma-solvents ezi-organic, ahlungiwe futhi alethwe esimweni. Kodwa-ke, kuphela okukhishwe yi-crude okukhethwe njengengxenye esebenzayo ye-antifungal ekuthuthukisweni kokwakhiwa ngenxa yomsebenzi ophakeme kakhulu ngokumelene ne-ejenti yokubola ebabayo empulapha.
Izinhlobo ezine ze-an-ionic alkyl polyl polylllucoside surlekide kanye nohlobo olulodwa lwamafutha esundu asetshenziswa njengezakhi ze-inert ekuthuthukisweni kokwakhiwa.
Kusukela emsebenzini owedlule, ukukhishwa kwamaqabunga e-vernonia emithanjeni engama-400 no-500 mg / ml wakhombisa umsebenzi ophakeme kakhulu we-antifungal ngokumelene no-B. Cininerea (ngaphandle komehluko omkhulu phakathi kwamathango), ukwenziwa kokwakhiwa kwaleli cala, okuphansi umthamo we-400 mg / ml wathathwa.
Izingoma ezikhethiwe zikhonjiswe njenge-F1, F2, F4, F5, F6, F8, F8, F8, F8, F7, F7, F7, F7, F7, I-Index ye-POLYDA, ukulinganiswa kwe-VolyDisfel, Ukulinganiswa Kwendlela Engaphezulu.
Izingoma ezikhethiwe zazingamaphesenti angama-3500 RPM imizuzu engama-30 futhi zifakwe emazingeni okushisa asekamelweni (25 ± 2 2 ° C) amasonto amane.
Ukuhlolwa kokuqina kanye nokuqina okushisayo kwenziwa ngesisekelo sokubhaliswa kwamabhukwana e-biopenateride ngoMnyango Wezolimo waseMalaysia kanye neWorld Health Organisation. Ukuvela kokuqina komzimba kwendlela ngayinye kwaqashelwa ngokubona.
Amasampula ekwakheka ahlanjululwe ngamanzi aphezulu ngesilinganiso esingu-1: 10. Ukwakheka ngakunye okuhlanjululwe kwavuselelwa eVortex ngemizuzu engu-1. Ama-Capillary Celle (DTS1070) agezwa nge-ethanol, bese kuthi amanzi aphindwe kaningana e-deionized ngaphambi kokusebenzisa.
Cishe u-1,2 ml wesampula wawufakwe ngobumnene kwiseli eligoqiwe eligoqiwe futhi elibekwe kumnikazi.
Futhi usayizi wezinhlayiyana, futhi amandla e-Dzet ezinhlaka anqunywe kusetshenziswa i-zeta sizer - Idivayisi ye-Nano Series (Malvern Nano ZS, e-Worcestershire, United Kingdom), athule ngaphambili ngesigamu sehora ngaphambi kokusebenzisa.
Usayizi we-Conts Compys waqoshwa ngokuhamba kwe-brownian yesigaba esihlakazekile usebenzisa ukukhanyisa okunamandla kanye ne-zeta okungenzeka kulinganiswe ne-laser doppler electrophores. Ukuhlaziywa kwaphindwa kathathu ngesampula ngayinye.
Ukuhlaziywa kwengxabano engaphezulu nezinye izici nakho kwenziwa.
Wezingoma eziyisishiyagalombili ezikhethiwe, izingoma ezimbili, i-F5 ne-F7 zikhombise ukuqina ngesikhathi sokugcinwa, ukuqina okumangalisayo kwe-thermodynamic, usayizi omncane wezinhlayiyana (66.44 NM), -32.70 MV), okuphansi okuphansi I-Viscocity Polydisperity Index kanye nengxabano ephansi engaphezulu ngokuqhathaniswa nezinye izingoma
Izithelo ezithola izithelo zamatamatisi - izingcezu eziyi-120 - ngemuva kokugeza nokomiswa kwabhapathizwa kumakhompiyutha akhethiwe we-F5 kanye ne-F7 nge-dilution eyishumi ye-dilution ye-tenifold yokwakheka.
Ngokulawulwa okungalungile kwezithelo eziyi-120 i-perch emanzini oyinyumba amanzi. Cishe ezinye izithelo eziyi-120 ezigxilwe ku-0.5 g / l ye-Kenlate Fungicide Solution (isithako esisebenzayo: 50% benomila) futhi isetshenziswa njengokulawulwa okuhle.
Zonke izithelo ezisetshenzisiwe zazinamanxeba atheleleka nge-mushroom Mycel, bese zifakwa ezikhwameni zepulasitiki, zivalwe ngokuvalwe ngamakhambi. Ngemuva kwesikhathi sesitoreji (usuku lwe-12), imvamisa nobunzima besifo bunqunywe.
Umsebenzi we-antifungal ku-Situ on the Fruits utamatisi wakhombisa ukuthi i-F5 C5 inomsebenzi we-fungiciinal ngokumelene ne-B. Cininerea ene-zero ukuwohloka nobukhali, ngenkathi ukwakheka kwe-F7 kunciphisa izehlakalo ezingama-62.5% uma kuqhathaniswa nokulawulwa okuhle.
Ngokusekelwe kule miphumela, uF5 ukhombise umsebenzi wokulwa nama-antifungal, okusho ukuthi kungahle kube nomthelela ekuthuthukisweni kwe-bioficicide entsha nephephile ngokumelene ne-grey roll kumatamatisi. "
(Umthombo: www.mdpi.com).