Bengifuna ukubhala i-athikili ephathelene nekhwalithi yokwakhiwa kwamadolobha kwanamuhla maqondana nekhwalithi yeRoyal kanye neSoviet, kodwa ngabona ifilimu etholakele, ekhombisa ukuthi abantu baseMelika bathuthwa kanjani ezindaweni zabo.
Indaba yokuhamba kwezakhiwo zamatshe nayo yambozwa kwifilimu efanayo, hhayi eMelika kuphela, kodwa emhlabeni wonke. Futhi lapha kwaqhakaze imininingwane yokuthi yini, kuvela ukuthi kuse-USSR, noma ngaphansi kukaStalin, eMoscow, kwashukunyiswa ngempumelelo, futhi yilapho into emangalisa kakhulu ukuthi abakhileyo kuyo bona ngokwabo abuzwanga ngisho nokuthi indlu yabo ihamba.
Uma ufuna imininingwane eningiliziwe, mina, ngokungafani ngokwanele, okokuqala kwabo bonke bathola izinto ezikhethekile, kodwa ngenkondlo yombhali wezingane waseSoviet agnia barto ebizwa nge- "House":
Le nkondlo yabhalwa, ebizwa ngokuthi, emizileni eshisayo, ngo-1938.
Lapho ufunda kabanzi ngemininingwane eminingi ngohlelo lokuhamba kwezakhiwo kuleyo minyaka, ngiyamangala ukukala, lapho kuyinkimbinkimbi ngisho nasezikhathini zethu zomsebenzi. Ngaphandle kwamakhompyutha, ngaphandle kwezinhlelo ezinembile zokuma kwe-satellite, ngaphandle kwezobuchwepheshe zesimanje, abantu baphethwe, nakancane, akubona bonke onjiniyela abazothatha. Futhi ngasikhathi sinye, ngenhlekelele eyodwa, hhayi ingozi eyodwa, hhayi isimo esiphuthumayo esisodwa, akwenzekanga lapho uhambisa izakhiwo!
Mhlawumbe lokhu kukhombisa izinga eliphakeme lokukhula komcabango omusha we-Soviet Engineering, owafika esikhundleni sesiRussia esidala, esanyamalala eminyakeni engama-20 edlule, ngo-1917, lapho cishe umbala wezobuchwepheshe bezobuchwepheshe baseRussia baxoshwa ezweni, noma wabhujiswa nhlobo?
Ngokuvamile, umbono wokuhambisa izakhiwo ngebanga elide awumusha. Izakhiwo zasuka endaweni ngezindawo eziphakathi neNkathi Ephakathi, yize kungenjalo kaningi, empeleni, amacala ambalwa abhalisiwe. ERussia, indlu yokuqala yashukunyiswa ngo-1812, kepha-ke kwakukhona isonto lokhuni, ngaphezu kwalokho, leli cala lalingomunye.
Ukuthuthuka okunesivunguvungu kuleli ncazelo kwaqala e-United States ekuqaleni kweminyaka yo-1970 yekhulu le-XIX, kwasungulwa inkampani ekhethekile, ngemuva kwalokho inani lezinkampani ezifanayo landa. Kepha abaseMelika bakwazile ukuhambisa itshe (hhayi amapulangwe!) Izakhiwo ezimbalwa nje, kanti izakhiwo zokuhlala cishe azikho izakhiwo zokuhlala - kuphela amasonto, amasonto kahulumeni, izitolo nezinye izakhiwo zezentengiselwano asuswa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngaphambi kokuqala komsebenzi ekuthukeni ezakhiweni, bonke abantu basuswa, uma kwenzeka nje ukuthi bangaphumi.
Futhi e-USSR kuphela, ngaphansi kwe-stalin, ukunyakaza kwezakhiwo eziphakeme zokuphakama kwaqala, futhi nabo bonke abaqashi, futhi bonke laba baqashi azange basole ngisho nanoma yini. Iqiniso ukuthi izinsuku zokunyakaza zingadalulwanga, futhi ukunyakaza kwesakhiwo kwenziwa ebusuku lapho wonke umuntu elele. Ngasikhathi sinye bekungekho ukunqamula kwezokuxhumana - ukukhanya kwashiswa ezakhiweni, amanzi ageleza emigwaqweni nasendle ebesebenza. Konke ukuxhumana kuxhunywe kusetshenziswa ukuxhumana kwesikhashana, ngakho-ke, amapayipi amanzi kanye nendle akhuliswa kusetshenziswa ama-hoses enjoloba, futhi ngogesi kwakulula kakhulu.
Ekuseni, abantu bavuke, babuthana basebenza futhi babona izindawo ezihluke ngokuphelele efasiteleni! Abaningi babo, yize bebazi ukuthi indlu izohamba, kepha bebengakulungeli ukubona imiphumela emihle, othile wacabanga ukuthi kuyahlanya, othile waze wabiza amaphoyisa ngokwethuka. Futhi kuyamangaza! Ngingashayela kanjani indlu ukuze ngisho nesipuni sengilazi asishiyi? Futhi icala elinjalo lalingu - Imfundo eyodwa esebenza ubusuku bonke ehhovisi lasekhaya, njalo yaphuza itiye, ekuseni, lapho icisha ukukhanya kwabheka futhi ngefasitela, ngicishe ngathola. Kuyiqiniso, wahlakazeka futhi wakhohlwa ukuthi kukhona okukhohlisayo kwenziwa nendlu yakhe.
Kwakuyini uhlelo lokuhamba kwezakhiwo zokuhlala?
Iqiniso ngukuthi ngo-1935 uhlelo lokuvuselelwa kabusha kwe-capital Center lwavunywa. Imvamisa kulokhu, amakhaya amaningi adilizwa, kepha inkinga ukuthi iningi lezakhiwo ezaziphazamisa ukwakhiwa kabusha zaqashelwa njengomlando futhi azibhujiswanga. Yebo, umkhuba womhlaba wonke ohlinzekelwe ukwahlukaniswa kwesakhiwo, ukudluliswa kwazo zonke "izingxenye ezisele" kwenye indawo kanye nomhlangano olandelayo. Kodwa-ke, le ndlela ibibiza kakhulu futhi ide, futhi akazange akwazi ukufanelana nobuholi beBolshevik. Ngosizo lwabangoti bakwamanye amazwe, kwenziwa izibalo, okukhombisa ukuthi ukunyakaza kwezakhiwo ezinkulu kufanele kwenziwe ngumsebenzi wezikhathi ngezikhathi ezithile, kodwa akekho noyedwa kulolu chwepheshe othathe umthwalo wokuhambisa ekhaya ngo-5, ubuningi be Amamitha ayi-10. Ikakhulu selokhu abaseMelika ngisho nasekuhambeni kweminyaka yabo bengakaze bathuthe esakhiweni esinesisindo esingaphezu kwamathani ayizinkulungwane eziyi-10-11, ngenkathi eMoscow Abanye ekhaya abawela ngaphansi kohlelo "inhlangano" enesisindo esingaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezingama-20.
Kepha uhlelo lweStalisast lwezakhiwo ezishukumisayo lwalude kakhulu kunamathuba amaMelika. Izakhiwo zazidingeka ukuthi zingahambi nge-10, kepha ziningi kakhulu namakhulu amamitha, kanti amanye awo lapho kwadingeka aguqule i-eksisi yawo, futhi amanye akhuphule endaweni entsha ukuphakama okuphezulu kwamamitha ayi-2. Futhi njengoba abantu baseMelika bebengafuni ukuzibeka engcupheni, abasebenzi baseSoviet bakhangwa. Unjiniyela ophambili walo lonke uhlelo kwakunguchwepheshe oneminyaka engu-33 ubudala weSoviet Metrostro-E. M. Handel. Ngalesi sikhathi, ukwakhiwa kwesitimela kwenziwa e-USSR, futhi kwaqhamuka abasebenzi abafanelekile, banolwazi kakhulu ekwakhiweni kokuxhumana ngaphansi komhlaba, nokuthi yimuphi umsebenzi omusha osehlombe. Ikakhulu njengoba ukudluliselwa kwesivivinyo kwezakhiwo ezincane sekwenziwe eminyakeni embalwa edlule, futhi kwasungulwa ubuchwepheshe obufanele, abahlukaniswe nabaseMelika naseYurophu.
Kwaqhubeka lapha.
Umlayezo njengoba uStalin eshukumisa indlu eMoscow yamashumi amamitha amamitha. Ingxenye yavela okokuqala e-Arkady IlyeKhin.