Ngo-December 31, 1941, amabutho abomvu enza isipho esihle kubantu baseSoviet. USovinformbüro wabika ukuthi ingaphambili leTranscaucasian lakhipha amadolobha amabili e-Crimean - Kerch noDeodosius. Kubikwa ukuthi ngenxa yezimpi ezinesihluku. Kepha ngemininingwane, ngokulahleka okukhulu okunegazi, mayelana nokungafani nemiyalo yeSoviet, ukungakwazi kwabaphathi akushongo ...
Ukulwa ngemuva kweCrimea kwaqala ngasekupheleni kukaSepthemba 1941. NgoSepthemba 26, izingxenye zempi ye-11 yeWehrmacht ngaphansi komyalo wethalente likaManstein zaqubuka ngokuqiniswa kwe-perekopsky usthmus futhi ungene ePeninsula. Futhi iCrimea ivikelwe kalula kuphela emathanjeni. Ngemuva kokuwa kwakhe, ummangalelwa kufanele abuyele eSevastopol naseKerch peninsula. Kuphela lapho kuphela kungalungiswa. Kwenzekile ekwindla kwabangu-41. Ingxenye yamasosha aseSoviet asuka eSevastopol, iningi lamabutho angama-51 abheke ezikhundleni ze-AK-Monai ePeninsula. Lapho, endaweni emincane kakhulu yePeninsula, amaJalimane namaRomania angabambezeleka. Kepha ngeshwa akwenzekanga. Okokuqala, ngokwephutha le-Commander of Army of the Colonel-General Fyodor Kuznetsov futhi kuhloswe ngalo usizo lommeleli weMashi yeMashal Kuziya. "I-Commander" emibili yadlula engozini yezwi ekhululekilekile ye-AK-Monaist, bese kuba nguFodosia noKerch, bakhuphula amabutho aye eKuban. ICrimea yonke, ngaphandle kweSevastopol, yathunjwa.
Umzamo we-wehrmacht ukuthatha i-sevastopol ngempukane yehlulekile. Ukuthatha idolobha laseManstein, kwakudingeka ukudonsa cishe wonke amandla akhe. Ngesembozo se-kerch peninsula, washiya kuphela ukwahlukaniswa kwezingane ezingama-46 ubudala kanye nemibukiso eminingana yaseRomania yaseRoma. Umyalo weSoviet wanquma ukusebenzisa lesi simo sokusebenzisa impendulo emabuthweni ngama-transcaucasian ngaphambili kanye nemikhumbi yolwandle emnyama.
Kungani iTranscaucasian? Yebo, ngoba kwakuyizitho ezintsha ezithunyelwe e-Iran, lapho zazenza ngaphambi kokuthatha imisebenzi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, lezi kwakuyizihlukaniso ezintsha nezigcwele ezinegazi eligcwele, kodwa mayelana nokuhlangenwe nakho kanye "nemibuzo" imibuzo. Bahlanganyele eThostthweni e-Iran ngo-Agasti 1941. Kepha lezi kwakuyizenzo ngokumelene nesitha esibuthakathaka ezalwa ngokuzenyezwa, ngokuzenzekelayo futhi azigadiwe. Idlale indima. Ama-Fighters kanye nezinduna ze-transcaucasian ngaphambili zazilindele impi efanayo yokulwa namaJalimane. Kepha i-Wehrmacht ngisho nebutho laseRomania lalingumphikisi onamandla kakhulu.
Isipho sonyaka omusha ngo-1942 - ukukhululwa kukaKerch noFeodosia EricUDmitry Kozlov
Ngokusho kwekhanda lendlunkulu laseFront Fedor Tolbukhina, kwahlelwa ukubangela iziteleka ngasikhathi sinye ezindaweni ezintathu, kodwa umkhuzi we-Drimitry Kozlov yangaphambili wanquma ukuqhuba ukuhlinzwa ezigabeni ezimbili: Disemba 26 ukutshala indawo nokuthatha i-karch, Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezintathu ziwela e-feodosia. Kuqala, i-79th Brigade yaseMaritime yasemanzini yahlelwa emikhunjini esemikhunjini ese-Feodosia, kwathi lapho kufakwa amabhuloho athunjiwe we-345th Rifle. Kepha lapha amabutho kaManstein aqala ukuhlaselwa ngeSevastopol, futhi la mayunithi aphuthunyiswe ngokushesha lapho. Ukufika kwakwenziwa ukwahlukana kwezimayini ze-9 ne-63, okuhlome kakhulu ngabaseCaucasians nama-Asia abakwazi ukubhukuda. Shintsha icala elibhekele kangaka futhi eliyinkimbinkimbi lama-marines abacibisheli bezintaba - isinyathelo esiyingozi, kepha isikhathi sacindezelwa, kanti ezinye izingxenye bezingatholakali.
Ukufika kwezingxenye zebutho lama-51 (uLieutenant-General V.N. Lvov), okubuye kwangena eTranscaucasian ngaphambili, ogwini olusenyakatho-mpumalanga yeKerch peninsula kwaqala ekuseni ngoDisemba 26, 1941. Izimo Ezinzima: Berent Isivunguvungu olwandle, inhloko yeqhwa yakhiwa ogwini, okwavimbela indlela yezinkantolo; Izinga lokushisa lomoya lawa laya ku-10-15 degrees ngaphansi kwe-zero. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imikhumbi yolwandle emnyama noma i-azov flotilla yayinezindlela ezikhethekile zokulayisha imishini esindayo nokufika kwamasosha ogwini olungafakwanga. Ngokudluliswa kwamabutho, kwasetshenziswa imikhumbi emincane yokulwa, ama-seins edoba, izitsha kanye nama-dredger. E-TUG, bahudula ama-lishies ama-lublies namabhande angenazo amandla. Ngesikhathi sokushintshwa kobusuku, inani lezinto ezihlanzekile zawa, izintambo zazidwengulwa, futhi izikebhe eziningi lapho kwatholakala khona abantu abangaba ngu-20. Ukufika kokufika kwaqala ngokubambezeleka hhayi kuzo zonke izinto ezihleliwe. Akunakwenzeka ukufezekisa kungazelelwe.
Isipho sonyaka omusha ngo-1942 - ukukhululwa kukaKerch noFeodosia EricUkulethwa ekugayeni kwamasosha agxumela emanzini aneqhwa nebhadi aya ogwini, lapho babelindele khona igagasi elilandelayo lokufika. Abaningi, abalimele ikakhulukazi, beqandisiwe, kusukela ngoDisemba 27, isivunguvungu saqina, ukunyakaza kwemikhumbi ye-strait kwenqatshelwe futhi kwaphela usuku kamuva. Naphezu kokuphikiswa okuvela esitha, amasosha aseSoviet akwazile ukubamba inani lamabhuloho zombili izinhlangothi zeKerch. Njengokungathi ngihlakuhlekile kule mizamo emangalisayo yabantu, i-shed ngemuva kwezinsuku ezi-2 yayikulo eqhweni, futhi amabutho amakhulu empi angama-51 awela eKerch ngokoqobo ngokoqobo ngezinyawo.
Isipho sonyaka omusha ngo-1942 - ukukhululwa kukaKerch noFeodosia EricUManstein aqale abheka ama-kerch workings ngokuphazamisa i-Maneuver, eklanyelwe ukunciphisa isikhundla sabavikeli beSevastopol. Wayala umkhuzi we-42ND Corps General Speonka ukugxila kuwo wonke amabutho okuhlukaniswa kwezinsana 46 izindawo zakamuva. Amabutho asele embuthweni we-11 adonswa ezimpini ezinonya zeSevastopol: Kwabonakala sengathi kufanele kuthathwe umzamo wokugcina - futhi inqaba yawa. Ngakho-ke, ngoDisemba 28, amaJalimane aqhubeka nokushaya.
Kepha ngo-December 29, imikhumbi yemikhumbi yolwandle emnyama yafika e-Feodosia futhi naphezu kokulahlekelwa, amaJalimane avela kumaBrths athuthela emlilweni kusukela ku-berths, lapho kwaqala khona ukufika. Ukuphonsa amaBrigades afanele eRomania amabutho e-44th Army (Jikelele Jikelele A.N. Pervishin), wathatha idolobha kusihlwa. I-General Swinker ifunda ngokuwa kwe-feodosia, eyalelwe ukushiya iKerch. Ukuhamba kwengxenye ye-46 kufike endizeni, izingxenye zalo, ukuphonsa iningi lemishini yezempi kanye nemishini yezempi, kwaphoqelelwa ukuthi uMashi wabuyela e-Ak-Mona namagobolondo, i-Count Sponek, i-CountS Sponek, i-CountS Sponek, i-CountS SPOONEK yanikelwa enkantolo ye I-Tribunal yezempi futhi kamuva yadubula, futhi umuntu ongu-46 unguHitler uHitler wavimba ukuhambisa kunoma yimuphi umklomelo).
Kepha kwaqala ukuhlukunyezwa. Njengoba ngikwamukele, uManstein ezimseni wakhe wadalwa wagxeka kakhulu esimweni samaNazi: "Uma isitha sisebenzisa inzuzo yesikhundla esidaliwe futhi ngokushesha sizojaha i-46 pd kusuka ku-kerch, futhi sishaye nabaseRomania ngokulandela ngokuphumelelayo kusuka ku-Feodokulusia, khona-ke lesi simo Kuzodalwa, akunathemba ukuthi lokhu, indawo esanda kuvela ... isiphetho sawo wonke amabutho ayi-11 ngabe axazululwe. Umphikisi onqumayo angaba nempumelelo esheshayo eDzhanka ukuze akhubazeke konke ukulethwa kwebutho ... kepha isitha sehlulekile ukusebenzisa umzuzu omuhle. Noma ngabe umyalo wesitha awuzange uqonde izinzuzo zawo kulokhu, noma awuzange uthathe isinqumo sokuzisebenzisa ngokushesha. "
Kepha ngamaJalimane, ibutho lase lithuthuke ngoKerch 51, futhi amabutho empi yama-44 evela ku-feodosia kwakungewona amabutho amakhulu entshonalanga, kodwa empumalanga, ebheke eMpumalanga 51st. "Isitha sizibone kahle kuphela inhloso yakhe yobusu - ukubhujiswa kwamabutho ethu ePeninsula yaseKerch - futhi kwaphuthelwa ngokuphelele inhloso yokusebenza - umkhawulo womthambo wempilo oyinhloko webutho le-11." (Erich von manstein).
Isipho sonyaka omusha ngo-1942 - ukukhululwa kukaKerch noFeodosia EricKepha ngendoda yamatshe, imibuthano enjalo ayidlulisi ngeze. Ukusizakala kokubambezeleka kokuhlaselayo kweCrimean Front, waletha amasosha engxenyeni ye-46 yokwethuka ukwethuka ukwethuka, adonsele zonke izinkambiso zemali ezikhundleni ze-AK-MAI. Qinisa izingxenye zaseRomania ngamasosha aseJalimane. Wangena empini yazo zonke uNamilikov, okubandakanya ukuvikelwa kwendlu yakhe endlunkulu yakhe.
Isimo safuna ukukhula ngokushesha kwezenzo ezisebenzayo, kanti uManstein akanaso isikhathi sokwenza ukuzivikela okuqinile, ubuthakathaka bamandla akhe kuleli sayithi bakhe izimo ezinhle kakhulu zokuthuthumela. Izinga lidinga inhloso esheshayo evela kuKozlov, kanye nokushaya ngemuva kweqembu leSevastopol lesitha. Kepha lokho, ngaphansi kokuzithoba kokuzithoba kwamabutho, kwaphenduka ukuguqulwa kwezenzo ezihlaselayo. Ukungabaza kwayo kungaqondakala: Ngesikhathi sokusebenza kokufika, ngaphezu kwengxenye yamabutho abamba iqhaza kuwo alahlekelwe - abantu abayizinkulungwane ezingama-42, kwazo eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-32 ezibulewe. UKozlov wabika ukuthi lokhu okuhlaselayo kungamiswa ngaphambi kokuqala kukaJanuwari 12. Lapho-ke isikhathi esicasulayo sadluliselwa kwinombolo ye-16, kepha akwenzekanga, yize uKozlov wayenamacala ayizinkulungwane eziyi-181 namaphoyisa anawo ama-kozlov. Ngisho nokuba nokuphakama kathathu emabuthweni, ama-Soviet Generances awazange athathe isinqumo ngokusebenza okujulile futhi afuna ukuqongelela amandla amaningi.
Yebo, amabutho ethu awakwazanga ukwenza kahle ekwenzeni kabi. Ezinye zezingxenye zazingasebenzi ngokuphelele. Inhlangano embi: Ukuxhumeka kungukuphambanisa kuphela, emachwebeni athunjiwe kwakungezokwengeza izindawo zokuvikela umoya kanye nokundiza kwaseJalimane. Abalimele abalimele, bathole ukugqoka okuyinhloko ku-Regimental Sander, banakwa ngenxa yesikhundla eKerch, ukusuka lapho, ukusuka lapho, kusukela lapho, kusukela ekubhuqweni kwaya eForossiysk.
Ngalesi sikhathi, amaJalimane ahlala egcwele izikhundla ze-AK-Monaic isikhundla futhi waqala ukuwacwilisa. NgoJanuwari 18, baphinde bashaya i-feodosia. Ukwehluleka ngokuthathwa kwezikhundla ze-AK-Monaic izinyanga ezimbalwa kwalungiswa yinhlekelele yaseCrimea. Kepha leyo enye indaba.
Ngazo zonke ukushiyeka nezinhlangano ezimbi, umsebenzi we-kerch-feodosia wadlala indima. AmaJalimane namaRomania alahlekelwa amasosha nezikhulu eziyizinkulungwane eziyishumi. Amabutho abalulekile avela eSevastopol adonswa, ngenxa yalokho okuhlangenwe nakho kokuhlaselwa kokuqala kwehlulekile. Ngaphandle kwakho konke okubi, ukushiyeka nenhlangano emibi kwakungenye yokunqoba kokuqala kwebutho elibomvu. Igazi ngokulahleka okunamandla, kepha ukunqoba. Ibutho elibomvu lifundwe kuphela ukuzuza nokunqoba.