Ngo-2020, isizukulwane samandla esivela emithonjeni evuselelekayo eYurophu okokuqala emlandweni wedlula ukukhiqizwa kwamafutha okugcwala. Ngonyaka wesibili, umoya nelanga kudlula ngokukhiqizwa kwamalahle. Lokhu kungenxa enkulu ngobhubhane lwe-coronavirus kanye nokwehla kokukhiqizwa, okwabonwa kuyo yonke imikhakha yezomnotho. Yimiphi imiphumela yokuqala yenguquko ku- "Green"? Futhi i-Europe izokwazi ukuba ngaphansi kokungathathi hlangothi ngesomo ngo-2050 ngokuncipha kokuphuma kwamagesi abamba ukushisa?
Ngonyaka odlule, umoya nelanga kwakhipha ingxenye yesihlanu yamandla aseYurophu. Ngasikhathi sinye, lezi zingxenye ezimbili ukuphela kwe- "Green", ekhombisa ukukhula. Ngokubambisana ne-bioc kanye ne-hydropower Generation kufinyelelwe ama-38.2%. Le nkomba ikhule kakhulu ngo-2020.
Umoya uhlinzeka ngo-14% kagesi waseYurophu, okungu-9% ngaphezulu uma uqhathaniswa no-2015. I-solar Energy itshale enye i-5% ku "Cashier."
Ukwanda okukhulu kwaqashelwa eNetherlands, lapho kwaqoshwa khona inkomba yePan-European. EFrance, "eluhlaza okotshani" okokuqala ngqa "ukweqiwa" uphethiloli. Izwe selifinyelele kwingqophamlando ebalulekile, okuyi-denmark kanye neSweden bake bathatha.
Kodwa-ke, ukukhula kwamandla avuselelekayo asanele. Ukusuka emithonjeni enjalo kufanele kulahleke njalo ngonyaka ukufeza inhloso esungulwe yaseYurophu ku-2030. Eminyakeni eyishumi edlule, bakhula ngokwesilinganiso sama-38 ama-TD ngonyaka nonyaka, endaweni elandelayo kufanele ikhule kuma-TV ayi-100 ngonyaka.
Ezindabeni ezinhle ze-Europe, ukukhiqizwa kwamalahle ngo-2020 kwawa ngo-20% kanye nesigamu kuqhathaniswa nonyaka ka-2015. Kodwa-ke, okunye kwalokhu kuwa ngonyaka owedlule kwabangelwa ukwehla kokusetshenziswa kukagesi ngenxa yobhubhane.
Ukuwa kwaqashelwa cishe kuwo wonke amazwe e-EU (kwezinye izikhathi - ngo-50%, ngokwesibonelo, eNetherlands).
Isizukulwane se-Atomic Energy sawela irekhodi 10%. Lokhu kungenxa yokunciphisa ukukhiqizwa kokubili eFrance nangokuvalwa kweziteshi eSweden naseJalimane.
Kuthuthukiswa
IDenmark ngumholi ekwethulweni kwamandla "aluhlaza". Ngo-2010 elangeni kanye nomoya, kwakukhona ama-20% kuphela okukhiqizwa, ngonyaka owedlule leli na lesi sibalo sifinyelela kuma-62%. Izwe cishe kabili ngaphambi kwempikiswano eseduze yaseYurophu - Ireland.
Lesi sifundazwe saseScandinavia okokuqala ngqa sidonsela ukunaka emandleni omoya ngisho nangesikhathi sezinkinga zamafutha ka-1973. Umkhakha wama-turbin womoya wavela njengomkhiqizo owenziwa ngomshini wemishini yezolimo. Futhi i-turbine yokuqala yezentengiselwano ezweni yabelwa ngo-1979.
IDenmark inendawo enhle yokwenza ugesi kuma-turbines, inogu olude. Ngakho-ke, ngo-2002, eLwandle eNyakatho, cishe amakhilomitha ayi-14 ukusuka ogwini lwaseJutland, kwasungulwa isithombo samandla asogwini esidala somoya emhlabeni. Eminyakeni eyi-10 eyedlule, kwakhiwa izitshalo zamandla amabili kama-nautical amaningi (ezawo zokugcina, ezingama-406 mW zazitholakale ngokuqinile ngo-Agasti 2019). Ipulazi lama-turbines angama-49 ngo-12% owengeziwe womoya ukukhiqizwa komoya futhi uyakwazi ukuhlinzeka ngemindeni eyizinkulungwane ezingama-425. Manje amapulazi amathathu ama-Horvs Rev ane-775 MW.
Kakade ngoSepthemba 15, 2019, kudluliswa irekhodi elibalulekile: Kusukela phakathi kwamabili kuze kube phakathi kwamabili, ama-windmill akhula amandla amaningi adlula isidingo seDidesi ngogesi.
Umaki waseJalimane
Enye yezinkomba ezibalulekile zokuthi "umhlabathi" waseYurophu. Izwe elincike ezinqumweni eziningi kumalahle ne-athomu elinokuthula, kwakuhloswe ngalo ukuthi kuncishiswe ukuphuma kwegesi abamba ukushisa ngama-55%, naku-2050th ukuba kungathathi hlangothi maqondana nokukhishwa kwalawa magesi.
Ngo-2019, kwamukelwa umthetho wesimo sezulu ezweni, esamisa imigomo yonyaka yemikhakha ngayinye yomnotho iminyaka eyishumi ezayo. EMthethweni ofanayo, incazelo yalokhu kungathathi hlangothi nakho kufakwe. Ngaphansi kwalokho kusho ukulingana okungu-zero phakathi kwama-anthropogenic ukuphuma kwamagesi abamba ukushisa kanye nokususwa kwamagesi anjalo ukusuka emkhathini.
Ngenxa yobhubhane lwe-coronavirus ngo-2020, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla eJalimane kwakusezingeni eliphansi lomlando. Idatha yokuqala enjalo yavezwa yiqembu lokucwaninga i-AG Energiebilanzen. Ngasikhathi sinye, ukuphuma kwe-CO2 okuhambisana namandla eJalimane kwawa ngamathani ayizigidi ezingama-80. Ngakho-ke izwe lizonqoba kalula inhloso yokuqala ekunciphiseni ukuphuma ngama-40% uma kuqhathaniswa neleveli yango-1990. Ngo-2019, kwaphonswa amathani ama-805 million amagesi abamba ukushisa emkhathini.
Ochwepheshe baphawula ukuthi lokhu kwenzeke ngenxa yokwehliswa kokusetshenziswa kwamalahle nokwanda kokukhiqizwa kukagesi kususelwa kwimithombo evuselelekayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amanye amanani amalahle athathelwa indawo yigesi yemvelo ngenxa yamanani entengo kagesi.
Kepha ukufezekiswa komgomo-2020 kwaqiniswa kakhulu ubhubhane. IJalimane isabhekene nencipha ekwakhiweni kwemithombo yamandla evuselelekayo, futhi ukwehla komnotho ngeke kuholele ekushintsheni okuhlelekile okuzoqinisekisa ukwehliswa okwengeziwe ekuphumeni kokuphuma, ngoba kungalulama kakhulu nomnotho.
I-European Europers Avider
Bika amakhompiyutha emkhakheni wamandla waseYurophu obonile ngaphandle: IPortugal, eRomania, e-Austria, e-Italy, eCzech Republic, eSlovakia naseBulgaria. Kula mazwe, ngokusho kochwepheshe, izimo ezinhle kakhulu zokuthuthukiswa kwamandla elanga nangomoya, kepha le nkinga ibingakaze ibonakale yangempela kusukela ngo-2015.
Ukukhipha i-lagging, i-European Union ngohlaka lwendlela efanelekile yoshintsho eminyakeni eyisithupha ezayo ihlela ukugqamisa umugqa wesikweletu we- € 150. Imali izothuthukisa ushintsho emnothweni ongathathi hlangothi kwesimo sezulu. Izimali kumele ziqede imiphumela yezenhlalo nezomnotho yalolu shintsho.
Ukukhiqizwa kukagesi Czech kuboshwe ngokuqinile ekhoneni (ngaphandle kwePoland, esasikhuluma ngakho kwenye yezinto zangaphambilini zokubopha ukwakhiwa kwesitshalo samandla enuzi). ECzech Republic, isizukulwane samandla esivela kumalahle singaphezu kwama-amaphi amahlandla amane kunemithombo "eluhlaza": 53% ngokumelene ne-12%. Ngasikhathi sinye, ikota yayo yonke imithombo evuselelekayo iyi-biogas, i-biomass namandla elanga. Omunye u-18% - i-hydropower, ingxenye esele ingumoya.
Imininingwane ka-2018
Kodwa-ke, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi lokhu kwakuwumgomo wezwe ngo-2020. Kwatholakala. Ekupheleni kweminyaka eyishumi ezayo, isabelo semithombo evuselelekayo ekusebenziseni amandla e-shaft fincite Energy sizokwethula ku-22%. Ngokwesimo saseCzech, lokhu kusho ukwehla kwezimayini zamalahle kanye nokwakhiwa okungenzeka kwamabhulokhi amabili enuzi ezitshalweni ezimbili zamandla enuzi. Umusho wokugcina uxoxwa ngawo iminyaka eminingana, ithenda yombuso wokwakha kufanele yenzeke kuze kube sekupheleni kuka-2022, futhi i-block entsha ngokwayo izothunyelwa kungabi ngaphambi kuka-2036.
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