Ama-ethnographigraphs anamuhla abizwa ngokuthi amaCrimeans avela kubamele abantu abangamaJuda, abaphupha ngekhulu leminyaka eliphakathi emazweni aseCrimera. Kungenzeka ukubiza amaJuda ama-Crimeans kuphela ngokuya ngezinto zofuzo, ngoba amasiko awo afana kakhulu neTatar.
Ngasikhathi sinye, iCrimeCA yakwazi ukugcina ezinye izici ezihlukile zabantu bazo. Leli qembu elincane lobuhlanga lingaba nobuJuda obungama-Orthodox, izinkulumo ngolimi lwakhe. Ososayensi bayaqhubeka nokuphikisana, babiza okhokho babantu amaJuda namaTurkey. Bangobani amaCrimeans angaqondakali?
Ibizo
Ngokuqondile igama elithi "eCrimea" yincazelo enemibandela kakhulu evele ekusebenziseni abacwaningi kuphela kusukela ngekhulu le-XIX. Ngalesi sikhathi, iCrimea eMbusweni waseRussia yenzeka.
AmaJuda akwaTalmudists abizelwa amaCrimeans, kanti igama lesizwe lalikhomba esifundeni sokuhlala kwakhe. Isikhathi eside ukukholwa ukuthi amaCimellellians avele enhlonhlo ngemuva kwe-1783, lapho amaJuda esele ndawo yokuhlala eCrimea. Kodwa-ke, ukutadisha okwengeziwe kwe-Ethnos kwabonisa ukuthi izimpande zamaJuda zeCropkov zivela eminyakeni ephakathi.
I. S. Kaya, ekukhanyisweni okudumile, wabhala:
"ICrimea iyiqembu elikhethekile lamaJuda, okuyisikhathi eside lihlala enhlonhlo yeCrimean futhi selimukele kakhulu isiko lamaTatar."
Amadlozi e-CrimKov
Mayelana nemvelaphi yaseCrimea, kunemibono eminingana. Okuvame kakhulu phakathi kososayensi kuthambekele eqinisweni lokuthi laba bantu bangenzalo yabantu basendulo abangamaJuda eCrimea. Ukwakheka kweqembu lobuhlanga laseCrimea liqala cishe emakhulwini eminyaka anguXIV-XV. Isisekelo sokuvela kobuzwe obusha baba nemiphakathi yamaJuda eYurophu.
Kodwa-ke, le nguqulo ingenye yama-hypotheses amaningi. Emibhalweni yakhe, isazi se-Turkolovich u-A. Samoolovich ufakazela ukuthi izizwe zaseKhazar zingaba okhokho basendulo, noC. Zabolotnaya futhi baphikelela nakancane kulesi sizwe. Uma umcabango wokugcina uyiqiniso, khona-ke ama-Crimeans amukela ukubolekwa okuningi kusuka kusiko lamaJuda namaTatar, endaweni imiphakathi yayo yayiphila ngayo.
Lapho okhokho bokuqala beChrowkov bavela endaweni yenhlonhlo, kunzima ukusho. Njengoba izazi-mlando ziphakamisa, ama-erenels okuqala amaJuda eCrimea avele avele eneminyaka eyikhulu le-Era. Isizathu sokuhlala kabusha komhlaba waseCrimean kubhekwa ukucindezela ukulethwa kwamaJuda eMbusweni WaseRoma.
Imiphakathi yokuqala yamaJuda yavela eCrimea ngekhulu le-XIII e-Cafe. Imithombo yomlando iqopha ukubamba iqhaza kwabalamuleli bakwaKrymchak ezingxoxweni zika-Ivan III kanye neCrimean Khan, futhi ingxenye yenkolo yenziwa ngesiHeberu.
Umlando wabantu
Ekhulwini le-XV, ukukhula kwemibukiso yamaJuda yenhlonhlo. Le nqubo idalwe ukuxoshwa kwamaJuda kusuka e-Byzantium, e-Italy, eRussia. Isayensi yobuhlanga yaseCrimea yasungulwa ngaleso sikhathi ukuhlanganisa nabahlali abasha, kancane kancane kwaqanjwa. Lezi zici zokwakheka zithonya kakhulu isiko lamaJuda eCrimea futhi ikakhulukazi, amasiko amaCrimeans.
Kusukela omakhelwane baseCrimean kwakukhona ama-tatar angamaCrimea, izici zabo zobuhlanga abakwazanga ukuzibonakalisa kwesinye isizwe. Uma ubheka eCrimea National Ratome Ratomume, ungabona izakhi zamaJuda nezamaTatar. Ukubolekwa kukaTatar kubonakaliswa ngolimi lweCrimea. Naphezu kokubonakaliswa okunjalo okusobala kwesiko lamaTatar, akuzange kuthinte izinkolelo nokuphila kukaKrymchakov.
Ngesikhathi sokujoyina iCrimea, uMbuso WaseRussia wabalwa ePeninsula, kwakukhona ama-Crimean acishe abe ngu-800 owayengumphakathi wePeninsula. Izinga eliphansi lokuthuthukiswa komnotho kwalawa mazwe alivumeli isiko lendawo.
Njengoba amaCriment uqobo abonisa esicelweni e-Alexander I, kwakungekho muntu ongashadile owayekwazi ukukhuluma isiRussia. Izici ezinjalo zithinte kabi ezingeni lemfundo, elizokwenziwa ngolimi olukhulu lombuso.
Usizi Krymchakov
Naphezu kobunzima, inani lamaCrimean landa kancane kancane. Ngasekuqaleni kwekhulu leminyaka elidlule, kwakukhona abantu abangaphezu kwezinkulungwane eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-7 ePeninsula, kwathi ngaphambi kokuqala kwempi enkulu yokuthanda izwe, inani lafika kwezinkulungwane eziyi-10.
Izikhungo zokuhlala zabantu ziyisimilo, Feodokulu, Kerch. Amagama amapulazi ahlanganisiwe adalwe kuma-20s - "eCrimea" kanye ne- "Yeni Crimea" futhi akhuluma ngokubaluleka kanye nokwanda kwama-ethos.
Ukuhlaselwa kwamaJalimane kweCrimea kuba yinhlekelele yeCrimea. Ngesikhathi sabahlaseli baseJalimane abahlaseli, cishe ama-75-80% aleli qembu labantu basePeninsula babhujiswa. Ngokusho kwezibalo, abukho abantu beSoviet Union enwebe amaJalimane ngokwenyama njengeCrimea.
Eminyakeni yangemva kwempi, kunama-Crimean angama-700 kuphela eCrimea. Ukushaywa, kusetshenziswe ngabahlaseli abanonya, kwakubulawa ama-ethnos. Noma ngesikhathi sethu, impikiswano yokusinda kwezigebengu iyinkinga ebalulekile. Namuhla, amayunithi kuphela phakathi kwabamele ubuzwe obugcinile ulwazi lwesiHeberu, ingxenye encane kakhulu ingakhuluma eCrimeanong.
Kulezi zinsuku, amasiko amaningi enkolo, uKrymchaki anamathela emakhulwini eminyaka acishe alahlekelwe ngokuphelele. ECrimea yesimanje, eCrimea zihlala zibantu abancane kakhulu, ngoba inani labo kulawa mazwe alidluli inani labantu abangama-400. Kuzokwenzekani emphakathini ngokuzayo - kunzima ukucabanga.
Noma kunjalo, ngikholwa ukuthi ukubiza ama-Crimeans nabantu abashabalalayo kusenesikhathi. Ukulahleka okubi okwesabekayo nokushaqeka kwekhulu leminyaka elidlule kwakukhona inhlekelele kaKrymchakov, kodwa umphakathi wabo wobuhlanga - yincane kakhulu - iyaqhubeka nokuphila.
Kuyiqiniso, iqembu elincane labantu linzima kakhulu ukuzinikela phakathi kwamasiko nezinkolelo ezahlukahlukene, kepha izizwe eziningi zamaSemite sezivele zifakazele ukuthi ngisho nobunzima obumangalisayo obunganqoba. Mhlawumbe uKrymchaki uzosibulala nalokhu.