Iqembu lososayensi baseSpain aqhamuka emanyuvesi ambalwa kanye nezinhlangano zezwe (uMaria Teresa Mas, uGorge Poro, u-Anthony Mc Verda no-Alicia verda) bashicilelwe kwi-MDPI portral i-athikili ye-Hydrineal Technology ku-APC . Ngakho-ke, abacwaningi babhala: "Ukhula luyinkinga eyaziwayo kwezolimo, kubangele ama-34% wokulahleka kwezilimo okunokwenzeka emhlabeni wonke.
Ezilimo zemifino, isivuno esinciphisayo singasukela ku-45 kuye ku-95% ngenxa yokuncintisana nokhula.
ESpain ngo-2019, kwasetshenziswa ama-euro angaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-370 ema-herbicides, futhi lobu bufakazi bokuthi umzabalazo nokhula lungumbuzo obizayo.
IHydromelikization yindlela eyayisetshenziselwa amashumishumi eminyaka kwamanye amazwe, njenge-United States noma iCanada, ikakhulukazi ukulwa nokuguguleka kwemigwaqo eduzane nezinto ezihamba ngezithangami noma izinto ezifanayo. Kususelwa ekufafeni ngengxube ye-liquid, eqinisa emhlabeni futhi imvamisa iqukethe izinsalela ezizinzileyo ezixutshwe nezinto ezibophayo namanzi. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yekhono lokunciphisa ukuhwamuka kanye nokuhluma kokhula, le ndlela yahanjiswa ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo, ama-nurseneries, amapaki ngokuthuthukiswa kwezingoma eziningana ezahlukahlukene.
IHydromelic ifanelekile ikakhulukazi lapho kunezithako ezimbalwa ezikhona zokulawula ukhula. Ezinye izimo ezihlosiwe yizigaba zokuqala zokuthuthukiswa kwezilimo zemifino nezithombo zensimu zonyaka wokuqala.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kumasiko asetshenziswayo, izinto ze-mulching kufanele zinikeze ukunqanda okuthile, okunzima ukufeza, ngokwesibonelo, lapho kuhlangana namaqabunga anamaqabunga, njengoba asakazeka kalula ngomoya.
Ngaphansi kwezimo zamanje zokuncishiswa komthelela omubi emvelweni, ukulwa nokhula ngama-hydromery kungaba wusizo nobuchwepheshe obusha. Lezi mulch zenzelwe uhlelo lokusebenza lomshini ebusweni benhlabathi eduze kweziqu noma iziqu zezitshalo. Kuboniswe ukuhlolwa kwensimu yokuqala: Ungqimba lwe-mulch obukhulu cishe 2 cm luvimbela ukubukeka kokhula lwaminyaka yonke.
Kodwa-ke, kuncane kakhulu kwaziwa ngomthelela we-hydromery kumakhula waphakade. Kulolu cwaningo, izivivinyo zokumba ukushisa zenziwa eminyakeni emibili eminyakeni emibili ezindaweni ezimbili ukuvivinya iminyaka emithathu ezindaweni ezimbili, izivivinyo zokubamba ukushisa zenziwa ukuhlola ukuhluma kwama-rhizomes kanye nokuvela kokuphunyuka.
Isici sokuqala sama-hydromelic acid aqukethe amaphepha ephepha asetshenzisiwe, izinsalela zeLignocellulose yezitshalo kanye ne-gypsum njenge-binderaliction, okokuqala, ukuhluma imbewu yokhula kwehliswa, ngoba bafa noma bafa ekuthuleni kwesibili; Okwesibili, iningi lezithombo alikwazanga ukudabula ungqimba lwe-mulch futhi lwafa.
Lezi zinhlaka zathuthukiswa ngokungeza imicu yeKraft ukuthola amandla angezekile enhlanganisela ukubamba ukhula lwangemva kwalokho.
Imininingwane etholwe ekwakhiweni okungama-block okungahleliwe ngokuphelele yahlaziywa futhi ikhombise okulandelayo.
ZONKE IZINYATHELO ZESITHATHU ZAMABHODI (asuselwa kutshani kakolweni, i-husk yerayisi kanye ne-substrate esetshenzisiwe yamakhowe akhulayo) akwazi ukunciphisa ukuhluma kwama-rhizomes azo zonke izinhlobo ezine ezihlolwe ukhula uma kuqhathaniswa ne-mulching.
Ama-rhizomes amaningi ahluma, kepha avela ukuthi ahlanganiswe nge-mulch, ikakhulukazi i-paspalum dilatatum pasparum (87%, upende pallar (i-cythodon darkylon) kanye ne-sorghum halpense) kanye ne-50%, ngenkathi indiza umjikelezo (ICreperus Rotundus) yahlushwa ukucubungula ama-hydromisoic - 16%.
Zonke lezi zingxube ezintathu zibonisa imiphumela ethembisayo ekwehliseni ukuhluma kokhula lwangemva kwalokho, kepha okunye ukuhlolwa kwensimu kuyadingeka ukuqinisekisa ukuthi kudinga amasu okulwa nezitshalo zokhula. "
Isihleli Semfundo - Ilia Merzilos.
(Umthombo: www.mdpi.com).