NgoFebhuwari 24, 1931, kuvulwe isikhungo soMphakathi kuTula. Futhi kusukela ngoFebhuwari 25, leli dolobha selisondele ngisho nasekufeni okujabulisayo okujabulisayo - izinkulungwane zemindeni zinokukhululeka esikhwameni sokulungiselela ukudla kwasekhaya. Isikhathi esinesisindo isikhathi abangasisebenzisa entweni ewusizo.
Imigwaqo ye-Hibar Metal
Umqondo wamabhizinisi wokudla olungiselelwe kahle usenze izingqondo emashumini amabili ekhulu leminyaka elidlule. Umqondo futhi empeleni awuzange ube mubi - abantu abakhululekile abavela ekhishini. Ngezikhathi, lapho kwakungekho amapuleti egesi alula, ama-microwaves kanye ne-aerorile, kwakubonakala kukuhle. Ngemuva kwakho konke, ama-primos kanye nama-stoves aphatha ukuphazamiseka okuningi. Kusukela ku-antisanitariariariariarian ehambisana nokuba khona kwephalosi, i-soot, umlotha ngesikhathi sokupheka, ephela ngeqiniso lokuthi yonke inqubo ihlala isikhathi esiningi futhi yayiyingozi yomlilo.Amakhishi e-Factory asuvele ayakhiwe ezweni lonke, manje, ngo-1928, kwanqunywa ukuthi kuzovela indawo eqhubekayo enjalo eTula. Ekuqaleni, yafihlwa ngobubanzi obuncane kakhulu - ezitezi ezimbili kanye nokudla okungama-500 ngosuku.
Kusele ukuxazulula into esemqoka - lapho ukwakha isimangaliso ekhishini esilinganiselwe. Banqume ukuthi esizeni segumbi lokudlela "ngo-Okthoba". Lapho kwakukhona khona leli gumbi lokudlela, kunzima ukusho ngokunemba. Impela impela le ndawo phakathi nendawo. Kungacatshangwa ukuthi kwahlelwa egumbini lezindawo zokudlela ezinhle zangaphambili. Kepha le phrojekthi yenqatshwa - incane kakhulu ukuba yigceke egumbini lokudlela lapho kwakhiwa khona ikhishi. Futhi lapho kwakhiwa egcekeni lesakhiwo esisha, kwadalwa, okwakungavumeli imikhiqizo ngendlela efike ngesikhathi futhi isuse udoti.
Sasidinga indawo ebheka ukukhiqizwa okunengqondo komsebenzi wekhishi uqobo, ukonga imali yokulethwa kokudla ebhizinisini futhi kwakha izinsiza ezahlukahlukene zezivakashi zasendlini zokudlela. Ngemuva kwalokho kwanqunywa ukuthi isinqumo esifanele kungaba ukudiliza imigqa yakudala yokuhweba maqondana neKremlin, futhi ngasikhathi sinye iSonto laseKazan, nakancane nakanjani esigabeni sabasebenzi. Kulokhu, iphrojekthi ibiguqulwe kancane - ochwepheshe babekholelwa ukuthi isakhiwo esinezitezi ezimbili sizoba nomthelela ekubukekeni kwendawo esevele yenziwe.
Umphakathi, nokho, unikeze izinketho zawo ngenkuthalo. Iphrojekthi enemininingwane eminingi yethulwa ngunjiniyela we-pushkin, okwakubonakala sengathi ikhishi lefektri lakhiwa ngokuyinhloko lokusebenzisa izisebenzi zezikhali zokuqala kanye nakwamasha. Mdala, njengoba wonke umuntu uyaqondakala, mdala. Futhi okusha kungukukhiwa komshini kwamanje. Kuze kube yiminyaka yamashumi ayisikhombisa ekhulu leminyaka elidlule edolobheni lahlasela futhi labizwa ngokuthi isikhali esisha. Ifektri eyinkimbinkimbi - Ikhishi, ngokusho kweNjiniking i-pushkin, kufanele libe khona kakhulu ekuphumeni okuvela ezimboni,
Ukuze isisebenzi singasebenzisi umsebenzi nesikhathi esithe xaxa sokudlula esigxotsheni siye egumbini lokudlela. Lokhu kufanele kuthinte ukuqondiswa kokukhethwa kwegumbi lokudlela.
Wabe esephakamisa ukuthi indawo yekhishi lasefektri negumbi lokudlela eliphakathi nendawo, lanelise yonke imisebenzi esethiwe, kuzoba yindawo yonke yezokwakha phakathi komgwaqo obomvu we-kuznetkaya, kanye naphakathi kwamasonto eSretenskaya futhi Kazan. Yebo, yebo, iSonto laseKazan lalibuye limile, kepha i-Embankment yayisivele ibomvu ku-kuznetson.
"Ngizwe ukuthi ukuphikisa okungenakususa izindlu ezimatasa ezindlini ezimatasa emgwaqweni we-Metalist, lapho kufakwa khona izikhungo zomphakathi (i-Metallille Club, i-Fabzavuch School), amafulethi. Futhi nokho nginesibindi sokuveza lekota. "
Sasinjani lesi sibindi? Futhi iqiniso lokuthi, njengoba uPushkin ebhekwa, kwakukhona izindlu ezimbili ezinhle, ezinye - zonke. Futhi nhlobo, akudingekile ukudiliza konke ngasikhathi sinye. Esikhathini sokuqala, izakhiwo kufanele zisetshenziswe amanxiwa ezakhiwo ekuqaleni kwekota esontweni laseSretensk bese ethwebula amanxiwa okugeza kwangaphambilini, kuze kube yilapho eBlolyipetsky ). "Izindlu eziseduze kwe-Metalist Street zingxenye yamasayizi aqinile futhi abalulekile manje sezingasetshenziswa yi-CRC ngesivumelwano sakwaConkscheoz ngesimo sabo samanje, kanti ezinye zazo ziyakhiwa kabusha. Ngale ndlela, ngesikhathi sokuqala, indawo ecishe ibe yingxenye yekota yonke ingasetshenziswa, futhi amanxiwa angakhulisa izakhiwo ezintsha ezivumelaniswe nezidingo ezintsha zokuphila. Enye indawo yekota izosebenza njengendawo yokugcina ukuthuthuka okwengeziwe kokwakhiwa kwe-CRC. " I-CRC ingumuntu osebenza ngokubambisana, okungukuthi, inhlangano yokusebenzisa izidingo zabathengi zesigaba sabasebenzi.
Unjiniyela u-pushkin wacacisa ukuthi isakhiwo sezitini zalowo owayengumagquma, ngokusho kwababukeziwe, obuthaka, zonke izakhiwo zibalulekile, futhi ngasekupheleni kwekota, esontweni laseKazan, kunesiza esicishe sibe yindawo. Ngakho-ke, ukwanda kokwakhiwa kanye ne-embankment of the Red Kuznetson cishe akukaze kuhlangane nezingqinamba.
Ngokwengxenye wayevunyelenwe ngokwengxenye nomthwebuli wezithombe uGolitsyn, owayekholelwa ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi uzothwala ama-hibars emgwaqweni wezenkolo, eqenjini ekhishini lefektri esikhundleni salokho. Kuliqiniso, ukuqala ukubheka isiphakamiso sokuyakha esifundeni, ekhoneni lika-Okthoba ne-Embankment. Lesi yisizinda sendawo yokusebenza futhi isondele esisekelweni esikhulu sempahla - Isiteshi seRyazhsky. Futhi igumbi lokudlela bese liwela kule ndawo elisetshenziswe yindle.
Ilungu leComulic Council of Selivanov laliqiniseka ukuthi lesi siphakamiso sokwakha esizeni semigqa yakudala ayemukeleki. Maphakathi nendawo yedolobha vele sekuvele indawo enhle yokudlela enkulu "ngo-Okthoba", ngakho-ke igumbi lokudlela elisha kufanele likhuthaze enkabeni yendawo yokusebenza ukuze isisebenzi sisondele ekudleni noma sakusihlwa. Wayekholelwa ukuthi kufanele kwakhiwe ifektri yasekhishini eZarechye. Lokhu, phakathi kwezinye izinto, kuzonciphisa izinga lokugeleza kwemikhiqizo esiqandisini lesiteshi sesitimela saseRyazhsky kanye nokuhamba kwezisebenzi zasemini ezishisayo zokukhiqiza.
Ngakho-ke, yiba yi-pushkin ye-enjinisi kanye nomthwebuli wezithombe golitsyn umcabango, ngeke sihambe manje emgaqweni omuhle wezinsimbi. Kepha banqobile labo abanquma ukudela imigqa yokuhweba, ngakho umlobi uGogol kanye neSonto laseKazan bahamba, lapho uMbusi uNicrolas II avakashele khona.
Babengabheki ngisho neqiniso lokuthi uchungechunge lokuhweba muva nje, ngo-1926, lwalungiswa kwi-akhawunti kahulumeni, nokuthi lesi yisikhumbuzo sokwakhiwa kwekhulu le-XVIII sekwephuzile. E "Monforrar", ngaleso sikhathi babebizwa ngokuthi "Clumsy banamathela emhlabeni."
I-Factory Kitchen Yakhelwe Abantu Abatha
Iphrojekthi yokugcina evunyiwe yenze izinguquko eziningana ezibalulekile. Okokuqala, isakhiwo siphansi kathathu, hhayi ezimbili. Eqinisweni, ingxenye ephakathi nendawo nakuzo zonke izitezi ezine. Iholide lokudla kwesidlo sakusihlwa esenziwe ngomumo ekhishini landa yiphrojekthi kusuka ku-500 kuya ku-1000 ukudla okudliwayo ngosuku, futhi konke ukusebenza kwansuku zonke kwekhishi kuchazwa esikhundleni sokudla okungu-10,000 - 12,000.
Lesi sakhiwo sakhiwa ubuchwepheshe bamuva, ngokuya ngesipiliyoni esitholwe ukwakhiwa kwamafektri ekhishini eMoscow nase-Ivanovo-Voznesensk.
Isitezi sokuqala secebo elihlaliswe indawo yokuhlala, ibha yokudla okulula, i-cafe, isitolo samaholide esiqediwe kanye negumbi lokudlela labantu abangama-400. Kwisibili - igumbi lokudlela, buffet, umtapo wezincwadi, ihhovisi lezimpahla kanye nelebhu yezimpahla. Kwisithathu - iklabhu, amakamelo okubuyisa, indawo yokuhlala, indawo nehholo elibonakalayo labantu abangama-600. Futhi, ngesimo sokugcina, akuwona yonke imibono eyiqiniso.
Kwabasebenzi benkonzo, ukunyakaza okuhlukile, igumbi elinomshini. Isisebenzi ngasinye, siza emsebenzini, sasingageza, sashintsha egqoke izingubo zomsebenzi, ngemuva kwalokho wavele wafuna umsebenzi.
Emuva kwefektri, kwafakwa ikhishi, ifriji yemikhiqizo engonakala, isitolo sezithelo, ukuhlukaniswa kanye nokugeza imifino, i-pantry yemifino, njll. Izikhungo ezixhasiwe
Ikhishi lalisetshenziswa ngamapuleti amabili namabili ama-boilers angama-27. Ukufudumeza ukushaya.
Ngokusho kwalolu hlelo, ngo-1928, abakhi kwadingeka babeke isisekelo ngo-1929 ukuqeda isakhiwo esakhiweni, futhi ukuthi ebusika ukwenza umhlobiso wangaphakathi, kanye nasehlobo ngo-1930 ukuqala umsebenzi wefektri yasekhishini .
Ngemuva kwalokho bahlela ukuthi bazoqedela ukwakhiwa kokugubha iminyaka be-13 ngo-Okthoba, okungukuthi, ngokuwa kwango-1930. Kepha futhi ngesikhathi asihlangananga. Esigabeni sokugcina, umsebenzi wenziwa ezinhlakeni zokwakha eziyishumi nanye, ezingazange zikubone kudingekile ukuxhumanisa izenzo zazo phakathi kwazo, kanye nezinto eziningi kwadingeka ziphinde ziphinde ziphinde ziphinde ziphinde ziphinde ziphinde ziphinde ziphinde ziphinde ziphinde ziphinde ziphinde ziphinde ziphinde ziphinde ziphinde ziphinde ziphinde ziphinde ziphinde ziphinde ziphinde ziphinde ziphinde ziphinde ziphinde ziphinde ziphinde ziphinde ziphinde ziphinde ziphinde ziphinde ziphinde ziphinde ziphinde ziphinde ziphinde ziphinde ziphinde ziphinde ziphinde ziphinde ziphinde ziphinde ziphinde ziphinde ziphinde ziphinde ziphinde ziphinde ziphinde ziphinde ziphinde ziphinde ziphinde ziphinde ziphinde ziphinde ziphinde ziphinde ziphinde ziphinde ziphinde ziphinde ziphinde ziphinde ziphinde ziphinde ziphinde ziphinde ziphinde ziphinde ziphinde ziphinde ziphinde ziphinde ziphinde ziphinde ziphinde ziphinde ziphinde ziphinde ziphinde ziphinde ziphinde ziphinde ziphinde ziphinde ziphinde ziphinde ziphinde ziphinde ziphinde ziphinde ziphinde ziphinde ziphinde ziphinde ziphinde ziphinde ziphinde ziphinde ziphinde ziphinde. Njalo kunento entulekayo - Iphaneli kagesi, ama-transformers, ama-boilers okupheka, idivaysi yeziphuzo ezishisayo ezibilayo, njll. Okuwukuphela kwalo, ngesitini asikhathazeki - bathola izigidi ezine nengxenye ukusuka ekuhlukaniselweni kwe-disablew kwemigqa yokuhweba kanye nesonto laseKazan.
Yakhelwe ngesandla. I-Hurity Uptation edonswe yimbuzi - idivaysi ekhethekile, enamabhande anamathele emahlombe nasemuva komthwalo, lapho kwakubekwa khona amashumi amabili noma amathathu ezitini. Bakha kakhulu abangasebenzi ngaphambili, ama-brigades abanezikhali futhi banikezwa eMoscow. Akekho oshise ngentshiseko. Ngokuvamile ama-muscovites acasulwa - i-CRC yendawo ayifuni ukubabeka ngenxa yalokho, ngakho-ke amalungelo okuthola izimboni awasebenzanga kumaPherishali. Ngokwemvelo, nsuku zonke babecabanga ngokwengeziwe ngeDemobel ukwedlula ukwakhiwa okuphonsayo.
Abantu bendawo nabo abanephunga kakhulu ngentshiseko. Amaphephandaba akhalaza ngemfundiso enkulu kanye neqiniso lokuthi abasebenzi abangu-300 kuphela abangu-68 ababalwa abagulayo, futhi ababili kuphela babopha kuphela lapha kuze kube sekupheleni kokwakha. Okunye, kuyavela, kungasonta ngethuba lokuqala. Lokhu, nokho, bekungahlali kulula ngaso sonke isikhathi uma kwakhiwa ukwakhiwa kwendawo yokwakha. Kepha imvamisa imvume yakhe ekhethekile yokuxoshwa ikhiphe inyunyana yabakhi. Kuyabonakala, bekukhona labo abaqonda abantu abasebenzelana ngokuphelele, okulapha ama-oda.
Yebo, abaningi edolobheni bamisiwe: Ngeke ube nalutho lokupheka kule fektri. Ukwakha kwakuvame ukuzungezwe izilokazane, futhi kulindeleke ngalezo zikhathi.
Isibonelo, isakhiwo seKratygin esaklama lesi sakhiwo senziwa ukuze igumbi elincane kakhulu labelwe ukukhiqizwa uqobo, futhi lokhu akunikezanga ithuba lokuqhubekisela phambili ifektri. Ukufakwa kwangaphakathi kwangaphakathi kwangaphakathi kubonakale futhi kwammisa ngesikhathi. Njengoba kufakazelwa ukunwetshwa kwesithombe sekwephuzile ngaphansi kwengxenye yokukhiqiza.
Akekho, ngendlela, akumangaziswanga, kungani kungekho lwazi mayelana nodwedwa weKratugin ezincwadini ezilonda endawo nase-Intanethi? Kepha umuntu usungule ukwakhiwa kokuqala kohlobo olusha nesikhathi esisha eTula. Nakwesokudla ukuthi akukho. Yini okufanele uyikhumbule ngaye, ngesitha? Umdwebi we-KraTygin, namanje akazange aqede ukwakhiwa, futhi vele, sibonga abasebenzi be-alamu bangaphakathi, badubule ukufutheka.
Futhi le ngenye iNkantolo yaseSoviet elungile ayengazi ngephutha elikhulu - iqiniso lokuthi ubuciko benhlabathi yengxenye ye-tula abanakwa, yingakho ukwakhiwa lapho bekukhona izinkinga zihlala zidinga ukulungiswa.
Shaya
Kwindlela yokuhlola, ikhishi lalisebenze selokhu kwaqala ngoFebhuwari, liletha ukudla okusha okulungiselelwe izikhali. Kepha ukutholwa okusemthethweni kwenzeka ngehora lesithupha kusihlwa ngoFebhuwari 24. Kwakukhona izinkulungwane zezivakashi zimenyiwe kuye, iningi lazo liyizidumbu zamabhizinisi weTula.
Ngemuva kwengxenye esemthethweni yekhishi lefektri iphathwe ngamasampula emikhiqizo yawo - ukudla okuyisibonelo.
Vele, izimbongi zendawo zathi izwi lazo:
"Siphakamisa impilo entsha,
Kanye nezidingo -
Izitha zethu -
Vikela kusuka ekwakheni kobusoshiyali
Nezinyathelo zivinjelwe.
EChadom cuiises ne-avgar,
Impilo yakudala ayiqedi.
I-Factory-Kitchen ingukushaya
Ukushaywa okunamandla kokulula nsuku zonke. "
Isakhiwo esisha saqala ukuziqhenya kwangempela. Nsuku zonke ifekthri yaya kuhambo lwesithathu noma ezine. Futhi bawathanda insiza yangaphakathi isikhathi eside. Kunjalo-ke, ngoMashi 1933, "kusho uKommurar": "NgoMashi 18, uMkhandlu Wedolobha we-Oce, kanye neGorzhilsoyuz, hlela uhambo lweTula lomama asekhaya. Abashukumi bazokuvakashela i-Bakerry, ifektri yasekhishini, elondolo, imnyuziyamu yeSzardosheet. I-Experion Hike yakhelwe usuku lonke. Ngemuva kohambo, ababambiqhaza bazothola isidlo sakhe sasemini. Rekhoda ku-Excersion eGorzhilsuyuzu (umnyango wokusebenzisa) ku-T. UTisova nakuMkhandlu Wedolobha wase-OCE (isigodlo sabasebenzi, i-COM №13), Ucingo 12. Isigodlo sabasebenzi, endleleni, yisakhiwo lapho kungenzeka khona ukuncoma ikhishi elisha lefektri efasiteleni - Omakhelwane ngePoland yamaphayona akhona njengamanje.
Kuliqiniso, umdlandla maqondana nobumsulwa obungenakuphikwa bangemuva kwendlu ngokushesha kwaqhamuka kwenye indawo. Izivakashi zaqala ukukhononda nge-antisanitia, ukungcola, izitsha ezingenambitha. Kepha lena yonke enye indaba engenakho lutho olufana nomqondo omuhle wokukhululwa kwesintu esivela ekhishini ebugqilini basekhishini.