Kulonyaka, u-Armenia ugubha iminyaka engama-55 embonini yenuzi. NgoSepthemba 17, 1966, uMkhandlu WeziNgqongqoshe be-USSR wanquma ukwakha isitshalo samandla enuzi sokuqala eSouth Caucasus - I-Armenia NPP. Leli kwakuyiphuzu lesethenjwa emlandweni wemboni yenuzi yezwe, namuhla enomthelela omkhulu ekuqalisweni kwe-Armenia yezinhloso ezisimeme ezentuthuko.
I-Ara Martzhanyan, Isazi Sezwe Energy ngamandla sikholelwa ukuthi imboni yenuzi iyisihluthulelo sokuthuthukiswa komnotho kwezwe, ukuphepha kwamandla kanye nokusebenza kwamandla komnotho.
Esitshalweni samandla enuzi sase-Armenia kukhiqiza cishe ingxenye yesithathu yawo wonke ugesi ezweni. Ngo-2019, kwasungulwa ama-2 billion kilowatt e-NPP ngokuthuthukiswa konyaka okungu-6 billion. Ngokusho nalo nyaka, i-NPP ithuthukise cishe ama-1.75 billion kilowatt-amahora.
"I-Armenia ukuphela kwezwe laseNingizimu Caucasus, lapho kunokweqile kwamandla okukhiqiza, futhi uyakwazi ukukhiqiza nokukhipha ugesi kuwo wonke amazwe angomakhelwane. Ngo-2009, kwaba nethuba lokuthekelisa ngamanani akhangayo cishe amanani acishe abe yizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-1.5. Kepha ngeshwa, le phrojekthi yabe isingasebenzi. Kusukela lapho kubukwa ngekusasa, udinga ukuphinda wenze kabusha izinqubomgomo zokuhlukaniswa kwamandla kwe-Armenia kusuka esifundeni futhi ubuyisele indima yayo njengomhlinzeki kagesi wesifunda futhi ngifuna ukukhumbula ukuthi eminyakeni engama-30 eyedlule ye-USSR ye I-Armenia ibilokhu uhlobo lwamandla we-hob awo wonke amaCaucasus aseningizimu, "kubika uchwepheshe.
NgoJanuwari 14, 2021, uhulumeni wase-Armenia wamukela isu lokuthuthuka kwamandla ku-2040. Isigaba 3 Strategy Cela ukuthi i-Armenia kufanele ibe nengxenye yenuzi ezikhungweni zayo ezikhiqiza. Ngakho-ke, umsebenzi wokunweba impilo yesithombo samandla enuzi ngemuva kuka-2026 ngumsebenzi obaluleke kakhulu futhi lokhu kulungiswe ngokucacile isinqumo sikahulumeni wase-Armenia.
"Umbuzo wokungaguquki kwamandla enuzi e-Armenia kubaluleke kakhulu futhi kwesinye isikhathi akuqondakali ngokuphelele ngumphakathi. Njengoba kunikezwe isikhundla sendawo ye-Armenia kanye nesimo sayo sokuphepha nabathwali bamandla abayisisekelo, asikho esinye isizukulwane esizokwazi ukumboza umthwalo oyisisekelo ku-Seacher Seal. Futhi kusukela lapho kubukwa amandla aqinisekisiwe, imithombo yamandla avuselelekayo, njengelanga nomoya, akunakuba ngenye indlela yezitshalo zamandla enuzi, ngoba ngeke zikwazi ukuthuthukisa intuthuko yazo phakathi nonyaka, "kusho u-Ara Martzhanyan.
Ngokuqondene ne-NPP entsha, lokhu futhi kuyimfuneko yecebo. Enye yezinhlinzeko ukuthi i-Armenia kumele ilondoloze isakhiwo sengxenye emithathu yokukhiqiza amandla ayo futhi uqiniseke ukuthi unengxenye yenuzi. Lokhu kusho ukuthi kungekudala, i-Armenia kufanele iqale ukwakhiwa kwe-NPP entsha noma ibhulokhi entsha esitezi esidala se-NPP.
"Izinyathelo zenziwa, ngeshwa, hhayi kakhulu. U-Armenia wazama ukubiza i-World Congress yabatshalizimali yokwakhiwa kwe-NPP entsha e-Armenia. Ngeshwa, khona-ke ingozi enzima yenzeka eJapan NPP yeFukushima, ngemuva kwalokho impikiswano yokwakha i-NPP entsha e-Armenia "incike" ngenxa yokuntuleka kwentshisekelo yabatshalizimali. Kodwa-ke, i-Armenia iyaqhubeka nokukholelwa ukuthi lolu daba aluvaliwe. Izinyathelo ezithile zithathwa ukwakhiwa kwe-NPP entsha, ngokuyinhloko ngesisekelo sochwepheshe base-Armenia ezaziwayo futhi bafakazele emhlabeni, phrasikhi yohlobo lwe-Vvern. Lezi zimpendulo ezithembekile futhi ezithembisayo, zisetshenziswe kabanzi emhlabeni wonke. "
NgoJuni 2020, i-Armenia yashicilela isibuyekezo sokuzithandela kwezinyathelo ezikwiwebhusayithi ye-UN, ayithathayo ukuze kusetshenziswe izinhloso zentuthuko ezizinzile - imithetho eyamukelwa emhlabeni jikelele yokuhlola ukusebenza kwezinguquko. I-Armenia yakhuluma cishe izinyathelo ezi-5: Ukuthuthukiswa kwemali eyi-5, ukuqinisekisa ukutholasha kwengqalasizinda kanye nokuthuthukiswa komnotho, ukubhekana namalungelo abantu kanye nobulungiswa, ukuvivinya kwezemvelo kanye nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu, ukubambisana kwentuthuko esimeme.
I-Ara Martzhanyan, i-UN National Energy Isazi esikholelwa ukuthi kwezintathu lezi zinyathelo ezinhlanu lezi, umnikelo wemboni yenuzi unesisindo esikhulu kunazo zonke. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ukubheka ngomongo wokubonisana ngokunwetshwa kwesikhathi se-Armenia NPP kanye nezingxoxo zamanye amathemba amandla e-Armenia.
Ngokwesimo sokuthuthukiswa kwemali yabantu, ama-NPP anamuhla yizinto ezibaluleke kakhulu kusuka endaweni yokubukwa kwezemfundo ejwayelekile, amazinga esayensi ajwayelekile nawomphakathi ajwayelekile womphakathi. Umphakathi osebenza i-NPP kufanele ulungele futhi kufanele akwazi ukwenza lokhu. Lokhu kudinga ulwazi, amakhono, uhlelo lokuqeqeshwa kwabasebenzi kanye neqoqo lochwepheshe abasezingeni eliphakeme kuyadingeka.
"Ngokombono wokubukwa kwentuthuko yabantu, indima ye-Armenia NPP ibaluleke kakhulu. Ngaphakathi kohlaka lwalokhu kubambisana esiteshini samandla enuzi, ongoti abavela e-Armenia banethuba lokufunda ezikhungweni zephrofayili ezidumile zesayensi (insuman, mftu). Kusukela kulokhu kubuka, e-Armenia, kumane kusetshenziswe ithuba eliyingqayizivele lokuqeqesha abasebenzi, "kusho u-Ara Martzhanyan.
Enye injongo yentuthuko esimeme ukuqinisekisa ukutholakala kwengqalasizinda kanye nokuthuthukiswa komnotho. Lapho kudalwa isitshalo samandla enuzi e-Armenia - Lo msebenzi wawuxazululwa ngokuphelele futhi lokhu kufanele kube ukulandela ukuthuthuka okwengeziwe komkhakha.
Iqhaza Lesikhungo Samandla le-Nuclear njengendlela ephakeme kakhulu yezobuchwepheshe yokuvimbela ukuphuma kwamagesi abamba ukushisa kubaluleke kakhulu, kungenye yezinketho eziphambili zokufakazelwa izibopho ngaphansi kwesivumelwano seParis kanye nokuqaliswa kwezinjongo zokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo.
"Esivumelwaneni seParis, u-Armenia uzibophezele ukunciphisa izinga lokukhipha amagesi abamba ukushisa ngonyaka wama-50 kuya ku-7 million amathani ngonyaka. Lokhu kungamathani ayizigidi ezintathu ze-CO2 okungaphansi kokukhishwa kwethu ngo-2014. I-AAEP ayidli umoya-mpilo, awekho amakhemikhali ayingozi emkhathini nasekugcizelweni kwezindawo, asindisa ukusetshenziswa kwemali ephepheni i-organic futhi ayilahli amagesi abamba ukushisa. Ngalo mqondo, amandla enuzi asiza ukugcwaliseka kwe-Armenia, acatshangelwe ngaphansi kweprotokol yeParis, "uchwepheshe uyagcizelela.
Izinhloso emkhakheni wentuthuko esimeme ngekusasa lokubambisana kwamazwe omhlaba isikhathi kuze kufike ku-2030 sekwamukelwa yi-UN ngoSepthemba 25, 2015. Ziphelele futhi azibonakali futhi ziqinisekise ukulingana kwazo zontathu izingxenye zentuthuko esimeme: ezomnotho, ezenhlalo nezemvelo.